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  Biologi  Tingkatan 4  Bab 11 Keimunan Manusia

PRAKTIS SPM 11
Soalan Objektif

1. Bagaimanakah keimunan pasif semula jadi diperolehi? II Pemvaksinan membolehkan limfosit bayi
How natural passive immunity is obtained? menghasilkan antibodi terhadap patogen tertentu
2018
A Melalui suntikan vaksin / By vaccination Vaccination allow the baby’s lymphocytes produces
B Suntikan antiserum / Injection of antiserum antibodies against certain pathogens.
C Sembuh daripada penyakit / Recovery from an infection III Suntikan vaksin mengandungi antibodi tertentu
D Melalui plasenta / Through placenta untuk melindungi daripada jangkitan patogen
The injected vaccine contains certain antibodies to
2. Mengapakah bayi yang baru dilahirkan perlu protect from infections
mendapatkan pemvaksinan? IV Antibodi yang terhasil akan kekal dalam aliran
2019
Why is necessary for a new born baby to get vaccination? darah bayi
I Pemvaksinan dapat melindungi bayi daripada The antibodies produced will remain in the baby’s blood
semua jenis jangkitan stream.
Vaccination can protect the baby from all infections A I dan II / I and II C II dan IV / II and IV
B I dan III / I and III D III dan IV / III and IV

Bahagian B

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua kaedah bagaimana bayi memperoleh keimunan terhadap penyakit.
Diagram 1 shows two methods on how the body obtains immunity against diseases.
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Kaedah 1 / Method 1 Kaedah 2 / Method 2


Rajah 1/ Diagram 1

(a) (i) Takrifkan keimunan.


Define immunity [2 markah / marks]
BAB

(ii) Banding keimunan yang diperoleh oleh bayi melalui dua kaedah ini.
Compare the immunities obtained by the baby through these two methods. [10 markah / marks]
(b) Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ialah virus yang menyerang sistem pertahanan badan dan menyebabkan
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Terangkan apakah AIDS, kesan dan cara mengelakkan dari
dijangkiti.
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system and causes Acuired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS). Explain what is AIDS, its effects and how the disease can be prevented. [2 markah / marks]

Kuiz 11

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