Math 1552 − section − 02

Prof. PhD. Hugo Leiva

Series

0.1. 11.6. Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and

Root Test
∑
Definition 1.∑ A series an is called absolutely convergent if the series of the
absolute values |an | is convergent.

∑
Definition 1. A series is called conditionally convergent if it is convergent
an∑
but the series of absolute values |an | is divergent.

∑
Theorem 3 If an is absolutely convergent, then it is convergent.

The Ratio  Test:  ∑

 
(i) if lı́mn→∞  aan+1n+
 = L < 1, then the series an is absolutely convergent(and the-
refore convergent).
    ∑
 an+1   an+1 
(ii) if lı́mn→∞  an+  = L > 1 or lı́mn→∞  an+  = ∞, then the series an is divergent.
 
 
(iii) if lı́mn→∞  aan+1  = 1, the Ratio test is inconclusive; that is, no conclusion can
n+
∑
be drawn about the convergence or divergence of an .

The Root√Test: ∑
(i) if lı́mn→∞ n |an | = L < 1, then the series an is absolutely convergent(and the-
refore convergent).
√ √ ∑
(ii) if lı́mn→∞ n
|an | = L > 1 or lı́mn→∞ n |an | = ∞, then the series an is di-
vergent.

√
(iii) if lı́mn→∞ n |an | = 1, the Root test is inconclusive;
∑ that is, no conclusion can
be drawn about the convergence or divergence of an .