Introduction

Basic concepts of anatomy and physiology

 Definition
• Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of body.

• Sub disciplines: Gross anatomy, developmental anatomy, microscopic anatomy, genetics

• Systemic anatomy study of human bodys organ systems

• Regional anatomy study of human body taken from perspective of di erent body regions

• Surface anatomy study of surface marking

• Microscopic anatomy structure of body that requires a microscope for observation

• Histology is the study of tissue

• Cystology is the study of cells

• Gross anatomy structure can be seen with naked eyes

• Subdivision- cadeveric, living, clinical

ff
 hanging on either side of the body and palms facing forward. The legs are
parallel with feet at on the oor and facing forward.

Anatomical position
• Supine position
• The face and the upper body is turned upward

• Prone position
• Person is lying at on the back with head and upper body looking down

• Planes

• Coronal

• Sagittal

• Transverse
fl
fl
fl
Organisation of the human body
• Region of body are divided into di erent cavities. A cavity is any uid lled
space inside of the human body

• It protects our internal organs so that they may function move and expand as
needed. There are two cavities- Dorsal and Ventral

• Terms related to trunk

• Ventral, dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, super cial, deep, ipsilateral,
contralateral, invagination, evagination

• Regions of body
• Movements of upper limbs
• Flexion, extention, abduction, adduction, circumduction, medial rotation,
lateral rotation, supination, pronation
ff
fi
fl
fi
• Movements of lower limb similar to upper limb

• Movements of foot dorsi exion of foot, plantar exion, inversion, eversion

• Movements of neck
• Movements of trunk
• Terms used for describing muscle origin insertion belly tendon apo neurosis

• Skeletal system bones and cartilage

• Function.. provide body its shape allows movement

• Joints brous cartilaginous synovial sutures

•
fi
fl
fl
 Basic concepts of physiology
• Study of how human body works

• Branches cell physiology system physiology

• Hierarchy of organisation cells tissues organs organ system

• Organs.. vitals and non vital organ, brain heart lungs kidney liver are vital and
people need these to survive

• Lobes of brain.. frontal lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe
cerebellum spinal cord

• Organ system

•
PUBLIC HEALTH
Coma
• A sleep like state unarousable to consciousness.

• Glasgow coma scale

• Level of conscious change