Philippine Christian University

Senior High School

Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM Students and their

Prevention toward the Effect on their Health

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School
Philippine Christian University – Manila

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in RDL 1:
Research in Daily Life 1

Leader:
De Castro, Gia Sunshine

Members:
Casas, Brent Luwi E.
Colinio, Jonathan O.
Diaz, Christian Paul F.
Madaya, Yunos P.
Manansala, Alicia Mae G.
Pineda, Ahleah
Riano, Roden L.
Salcedo, Shellby P.
Santos, Daniel Christoffer I.
Tambungui, Princess
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM-11)

March 2023
 Philippine Christian University
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter consists of the Background of the Study, Statement of

the Problem, Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitation, and

Definition of Terminologies related to the study, and is significant to

understand the research about the Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM

Students and their Prevention toward the Effect on their Health.

Background of the Study

Students have all had days at school where the assignments, PETA,

and deadlines pile up. Nevertheless, only some people react in the same

manner. Some of us are more resilient to stress than others. Some are in

excruciating agony as a result of their tremendous workload. Workload

refers to the amount of work a student must complete in a specific amount

of time, including classwork, exams, and other tasks. This affects most

students, particularly those in the STEM strand. The workload increased

students' stress and worry, resulting in physical health issues such as

headaches, stomachaches, and difficulty sleeping. A solution such as

prevention or coping mechanism is crucial to avoid the rising health issues

due to students' workload.

Academic workloads are a fundamental reason for students'

distress, ill-health and mental breakdowns. Academic workload is

considered one of the main stressors for college students, as it has been
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shown to account for increased stress levels in college students (Murff,

2005). Various aspects of life can affect students' stress levels, from

sleeping habits to heavier workloads. In constructing a civilized

community, students constitute a foundational force. Academic success is a

significant life objective for them, and students who develop Ill- health

depression may suffer significantly. Previous studies have also reported

depressive symptoms being linked to systemic external stressors, such as

schoolwork requirements and extracurricular activities participation

(Goldring, 2012). These stressors are more linked to depressive symptoms

when the importance of said stressor is high (Goldring, 2012).

Furthermore, the leading cause of students' health destruction is the

academic community's high expectations, which put students under

pressure and drive them to worry, both of which negatively impact their

health.

Having workloads can gain knowledge and develop skills that build

confidence and self-esteem; it also prepares students for life and teaches

discipline and perseverance that can cause them to ingrain the skills since

workloads require time management. Working hard prepares students for

higher levels of education and gives them a more robust understanding. On

the other hand, excessive work and unrealistic deadlines make students feel

rushed, under pressure, and overwhelmed, making them feel that their

skills are being underused, leading to mental health problems. Students

commonly feel stress under heavy workloads; Stress can lead to an

increased prevalence of disorders related to mental and physical problems,

 Philippine Christian University
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such as depression, anxiety, nervousness, and stress which can affect

academic performance.

Providing a coping mechanism or making other systems better in

terms of life education helps students build confidence in both

communication and cooperative and collaborative skills, provide them with

tools necessary for development, find new ways of thinking and problem-

solving, provides methods to socialize, makes new friends, and recognize

the impact of their actions. Let them take turns leading the discussions or

activities. Bring out each student's knowledge, encourage them to share

with others, and get everybody to participate. Giving students a sense of

leadership and importance will boost their confidence and self-worth.

The fundamental reason for this study is that significant challenges

with heavy workloads of the well-being of students are concerning. Our

study indicates that students experience workload, that is often connected

to stress. Coping with stress, including procrastination, is a fundamental

competence and indispensable for students. Having or knowing various

coping mechanisms could also significantly lessen the impact of heavy

workloads on people's health by using adaptive strategies. Coping

mechanisms are essential in helping people deal with or lessen their stress.

While some coping mechanisms worsen stress and support bad

psychological outcomes, others ameliorate stress and support positive

psychological outcomes. Every coping strategy's effectiveness, though,

may also be influenced by an individual's capacity for resilience.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to recognize the effects of workloads on the health

of the students under the STEM strand at Philippine Christian University

and their coping mechanisms to prevent or lessen its negative impact on

their health.

Primarily, this study aims to answer the following: 

1. What causes STEM students to experience a workload?

2. Do workload of STEM students affect their health?

3. How do STEM students cope with the workload given by their

strand?

4. What effective preventative measures can be taken to help reduce

the likelihood of health problems arising from heavy workloads

faced by STEM students?

Significance of the Study

For this study, the information gathered is considered significant as

it will increase understanding of the Heavy workload faced by STEM

students and their prevention towards the effect on their health.

Furthermore, the following groups are meant to benefit from it:

Students of Philippine Christian University. This research are bound to

benefit students because they will be more acquainted with academic

ideology that they’ve been facing occasionally, as this research prate about
 Philippine Christian University
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how heavy workload affect student’s health. We know that numerous of

students facing distressed because of numerous reason such as homework,

social life, perceived parental pressure, university applications, and never-

ending school workloads.

Parents of the students of Philippine Christian University. Parents hook

on with this circulation as they also handout academic standard for their

children, the analysis discourse their children academic obstacles as parents

and guardian also impart emotional, ill health for their children.

Teachers of Philippine Christian University. This research will help the

teachers to accommodate their students with academic obstacles. Academic

distressed are been the problem for numerous probationers as plenty of

students report that the main source of their ill health is because of school

workload. We all know school teachers are the medium whom

implementing coursework. 

Administrator of Philippine Christian University. This research will

contribute for school administrator as they are a critical component in the

success of school health promotion programs and activities, and they might

assist students by conducting a school study concerning the detrimental

effects of academic premises on their health.

Future Researchers. The conducted studies will further open doors for

future researchers to refine and expand studies about heavy workloads face

by stem students towards the prevention of its effect on their health. This

could provide information on the causes of health distressed issues among

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STEM students as well as how to avoid them from negatively impacting

their well-being.

Scope and Delimitations

It will be conducted at the Philippine Christian University in

Manila. The participants will be the senior high school students from the

grade 11 STEM strand. We will conduct a pre-survey questionnaire and

will proceed to purposive sampling for interview participants. This type of

research, known as phenomenological research design, focuses on the lived

experiences of individuals, culminating the essence of the experiences for

several individuals who have all experienced the phenomenon.

The study limits its coverage to grade 11 STEM students only. We

exclude students who have different tracks and grade levels. The study's

primary purpose is to find ways to prevent the effect of heavy workloads on

STEM students' health and considers the students' opinion about the heavy

workloads that affects their health. The study may not cover extensive

medical health issues and will focus primarily on the common illness that

the students experience.

Definition of Terminologies

The researchers used conceptual definitions wherein the definitions

of terms used to define the terms can be found in the dictionary or other

credible sources.
 Philippine Christian University
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Feasible Solution – It refers to a potential solution that meets all of

the constraints and requirements imposed on the problem.

Heavy Workload - In this study, it refers to the amount of work a

student must complete in a specific amount of time, including classwork,

exams, and other tasks.

Students - Someone who is enrolled in an educational institution

and is working towards earning a degree or diploma.

Academic Performance - It refers to the measure of how well a

student meets the standards set forth by their educational institution. It can

be measured in terms of grades, test scores, and/or completion rates.

Emotional Health - It is the ability to manage one’s emotions in a

healthy and productive way.

Physical Health - It refers to the overall well-being of an

individual’s body. It includes aspects like fitness, strength, and immunity.

Ill Health – This refers to a state in which a person is unable to

function normally.

Prevention – It is the action of stopping something from happening

or arising.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the related literature before this study. It

consists of the following components: Research Literature, Research

Studies, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework. The given

statement refers to a chapter in a research document detailing the literature

related to and supporting the study.

Related Literature

Optimizing Students' Workload and its Effects on their Mental Health

during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Based on this study published in ( 2021), numerous students

describe school work as their primary source of ill health. Consistent

academic school achievers students are more likely affected by this issue. A

Stanford researcher found that students in high-achieving communities who

spend too much time on homework experience more stress, physical health

problems, a lack of balance, and even alienation from society. The average

study hours for students are approximately 2 to 3 hours per day to maintain

efficient mental and physical health. However, many students study for

more than 4 to 6 hours a day because of a heavy ton of school work, which

is the primary root of their unhealthy habits that are causing health

problems (Denise Pope). Further study found that lack of social interaction

can cause poorer health, increased risk of health depression, and cause

students' consociate behavior (Clifton maker).

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Over and above that, there are several instances where school

teachers use homework for two purposes: getting students involved outside

of class and addressing material that can't be covered in the course.

Although frequent homework assignments have improved student

performance, 85% of students and 59% of teachers feel that homework is

stressful. According to a weigh-up, teachers give students tasks for an

average of 3.7 hours per day, or 17.5 hours per week, which will associate

students with insomnia sleep. According to a study, average students should

have eight or more than 10 hours of sleep at night. However, 48 percent of

middle school students complained of insufficient sleep because of anxiety

from their heavy schoolwork that needs to be finished. [Scientific study]

said that with more medical professionals now detecting stress-related

gastrointestinal problems, sleep loss could also lead to the development of

mental disorders and weaker immune systems. In addition to the study,

almost 28 percent of American senior high students face a lack of sufficient

sleep, causing more ineffective antibodies that lead to unhealthy being.

Furthermore, school enterprises are not only the factor of how

heavy workload affects students' health but also because of anxiety of the

students where their parents put academic standards for them to

acknowledge. According to data, 68 percent of students' assessment report

that parental pressure puts them under unhealthy stress, whether they can

surpass their parents' academic expectations. Many of them mentally

overthink and physically overmatch themselves for them to study over the
 Philippine Christian University
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day so that they will aim at the expectations coming from their parents

(Robert Pressman). As we enter this month, numerous senior high school

students anxiously prepare for college entrance exams. Some universities

temporarily waive their SAT and ACT requirements in response. According

to Aleksander's research, A. (2020), Students ultimately experienced

fatigue, unease, and irritation as they studied issues related to their possible

careers as experts. The epidemic encouraged the creation of specific clean

activities and stopped daily rehearsals. Also, the findings suggest that

because they were generally less satisfied with their academic work/life,

the epidemic frequently affected students with desirable socio-segment

characteristics. Higher education instructors are not confident in their

capacity to spot concerns or identify which issues necessitate referral to a

counseling center despite the number of students who experience mental

health and health issues. Students do not complete assignments on time, are

absent from online interactions, and cannot answer.

The heavy workloads faced by numerous students that causing of

affecting their health, and the additional time focused only on studying

means that by pushing our children to put in an hour or more per day of

devoted homework time, we are not only not helping them but we are

hurting them, both physically and emotionally (Joseph Lathan).

Related Studies (Foreign)

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The Effects of Heavy Workload in Students

In a survey of 148 high school students conducted by Tower, 43.2%

said they had more work than expected, and 20.9% said they had too much

work. 31.8% of students say they have a fair amount of work, and 4.1% say

they have less work than expected. 64.1% of students believe they have

more than a "reasonable" workload. This is very irritating and

disrespectful. Too much work can have a very negative effect on the mental

health of students. Nine hours a day (8:30-5:30 students have a co-

curriculum), then they have to go home and work for 2-5 hours, leaving the

students little time to sit and enjoy their meal or spend time with their loved

ones. If students want free time, they must sacrifice sleep and stay awake

from about 1:00 am to 2:00 am. Lack of sleep is no small problem. The

American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that teens get 8-10

hours of sleep a night, so sleep is critical to their teen health and well-

being. It is important. With the work we get, master's students can't get 8-

10 hours of sleep.

Related Studies (Local)

Psychological Distress and Coping of Filipino University Students amidst

the Global Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study

Due to the global health crisis, university students must adapt and

cope with the unplanned shift from the classroom to online learning mode.

The sudden change made them vulnerable and at heightened risk of

experiencing psychological distress since they have heavy-laden academic,

 Philippine Christian University
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family, and personal life responsibilities. Despite their distress experiences,

they practice different coping strategies, including cognitive/and or

behavioural efforts. This sequential-explanatory mixed-method study

investigated Filipino university students' psychological experience of

distress and coping behaviour amidst the pandemic in the year 2020. Five

hundred four university students completed the Psychological Distress

Scale and Brief Cope Inventory in our descriptive, cross-sectional

quantitative first phase. Fourteen students participated in our

phenomenological qualitative second phase. The sequential-explanatory

process led to developing the Wheel of Filipino University Students''

Psychological Distress. This conceptual model typifies Filipino university

students' psychological distress experiences and coping strategies. The

emerging wheel model in this study offers evidence-based information for

mental health policymakers in safeguarding students' physical, social, and

psychological well-being. It can be a valuable platform for mental health

professionals to develop more focused intervention and treatment programs

for psychological distress following the Philippine Mental Health Act.

Theoretical Framework

To support the study, the researcher used these following theories:

Christopher D. Wickens’ Multiple Resource Theory (MRT), Edward L.

Deci and Richard M. Ryan Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Richard

Lazarus & Susan Folkman Stress and Coping Theory

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            According to Wickens (1984), “the main objective of assessing and

predicting workload is to achieve evenly distributed, manageable workload

and to avoid overload or underload.” Wickens MRT proposes that the

human operator does not have one single information processing source

that can be tapped, but several different pools of resources that can be

tapped simultaneously. Wickens’ theory views performance decrement as a

shortage of these different resources and describes humans as having

limited capability for processing information. Cognitive resources are

limited and a supply and demand problem occurs when the individual

performs two or more tasks that require a single resource. Excess workload

caused by a task using the same resource can cause problems and result in

errors or slower task performance. However, if another task is being

performed at the same time that makes demands on the same component(s),

the result may be excess workload.

            According to SDT, everyone needs autonomy; every individual has

a built-in preference for autonomy-supportive environments and will

benefit from exposure to such environments (Deci & Ryan, 1987; Ryan &

Deci, 2006). The consequences derived from having high levels of work

control (i.e., being beneficial or detrimental) will depend on the

individual’s capacity to take advantage of high autonomy environments.

SDT describes two distinct types of motivational tendencies: self-

determined and non-self-determined motivation.  The theory posits that

self-determined individuals, compared with non-self-determined

individuals, are likely to have had the basic psychological need for
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autonomy satisfied during their development (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1987,

2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000). As a result, they are more likely to have

experience using autonomy supportive opportunities to their advantage and

also will feel comfortable in environments that afford opportunities to act

autonomously (i.e., such as in jobs that provide high work control). The

process that underlies the development of self-determined motivation is

referred to as internalization, which involves the processes by which

individuals acquire beliefs, attitudes, or behavioural regulations from

external sources and transform these external regulations into personal

attributes, values, or regulatory styles (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997).

Those with a non-self-determined motive, on the other hand, are more

likely to have had their demand for autonomy suppressed, which could lead

to discomfort when given the chance to act independently.

SDT can be applied to understand how students' motivation and

well-being can be impacted by their workload. When students feel

overwhelmed with work and have little autonomy or control over their

academic workload, they may become demotivated and experience

negative effects on their mental and physical health.

The study of coping mechanisms and the negative impacts of stress

is called stress and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman 1984). Depending

on individual preferences and/or contextual expectations, people deal with

stress in a variety of ways (Carver and Connor-Smith 2010). It is important

to constantly reevaluate whether the stressor poses a threat, harm, or

challenge, as well as whether there are enough resources available to help

 Philippine Christian University
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you cope with your stress. This theory explains how to cope with or deal

with the bad consequences of stress on your pupils, and we will relate it to

students who are stressed or because of the quantity of work they have,

they do not have adequate time for themselves. Educators and students can

seek to prevent detrimental effects on health and wellbeing by using Stress

and Coping Theory to the study of the heavy workloads faced by STEM

students. This can ultimately lead to improved academic performance and

overall success.
 Philippine Christian University
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Conceptual Framework

The concept of this study focused on the Heavy workloads face by

STEM students: Compartmentalization towards the prevention of its effect
on their health, Year 2023-2024 in Philippine Christian University. This
serves as a guide in the conducted research. The procedure applied in the
model is the Input-process-Output where the boxes are connected to each
other.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This study aims to
recognize the effects
Participants for the Preventative measures
of workloads on the
pre-survey will be will be informed to
health of the students
gathered with simple
under the STEM students via online
random sampling.
strand at Philippine public posting using
Then the researchers
Christian University different platforms for
will have purposive
and their coping more chances of
sampling based on
mechanisms to viewers.
the pre-survey to find
prevent or lessen its
the participants who
negative impact on A brochure will be given
will participate in the
their health.
semi-structured to stem students with
interview. informative content
Primarily, this study
regarding Heavy
aims to answer the
following:  Workloads Faced by
STEM Students and
-What causes STEM their Prevention toward
students to the Effect on their
experience a Health
workload?

-Do workload of
STEM students affect
their health?

-How do STEM
students cope with
the workload given by
their strand?

-What effective
preventative
measures can be
taken to help reduce
the likelihood of
health problems
arising from heavy
workloads faced by
STEM students?
 Philippine Christian University
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods and strategies implemented. It

consists of the following components: Research Design, Research

Location, Research Participants, Data Collection Instrument, Data

Gathering Method, and Data Analysis. The given statement refers to a

chapter in a research document that details the methods and approaches

utilized to conduct the study. This section provides a comprehensive

overview of the methodology and techniques adopted in the research

process.

Research Design

This qualitative study uses phenomenological theory to explore the

subjective experiences and prevention of STEM students toward the effect

of workload on their health. The research focuses on understanding how

individuals experience and interpret the phenomenon of workload and their

preventative measures to prevent their impact on their health. The

phenomenological analysis helps explore complex, subjective phenomena

that are difficult to quantify or measure objectively.

Phenomenological research involves in-depth interviews with

participants who have experienced the phenomenon of interest. The open-

ended interviews allow participants to freely express their thoughts,

feelings, and experiences related to Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM

Students and the Prevention of the Effect on their Health. The goal is to
 Philippine Christian University
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gain a deep understanding of the phenomenon as experienced by the

participants rather than to test a specific hypothesis or theory.

W’s will be conducted at the Philippine Christian University in

Manila. This S.Y. 2022-2023, the research participants will be Senior High

School students from the Grade 11 STEM strand. This place was selected

to investigate how a heavy workload impacts students' health. It will be the

primary focus of the research.

Research Participants

The researchers will use simple random sampling for the pre-survey

questionnaire. They will then proceed to purposive sampling, a non-

probability sampling in which researchers choose people from the general

population of participants to participate in their interview using their

discretion. The target population of this research will be the grade 11

STEM students of the Philippine Christian University of Manila currently

enrolled for the school year 2022-2023.

Research Instrument

The research instrument used for data-gathering in this study is a

semi-structured interview. The semi-structured interview is a set of specific

questions that will be carefully prepared for a group of STEM students to

answer to collect relevant information about the topic. The questionnaire

consists of a particular set of questions, but researchers could ask follow-up

 Philippine Christian University
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questions to the interviewee. The questions need to be answered by our

participants via interview as it is easy to gather additional information and

to have an in-depth perspective on the responses of the interviewee.

Data Gathering Procedure

The procedure described below is intended to get first-hand answers

from the chosen participants to create a strong and beneficial study result

and suggestion.

The first thing will be the distribution of the informed consent form.

Due to the busy schedule of STEM students in PCU due to the regular

classes, we will individually message them online to see if they're

available. The researchers will introduce themselves, enlighten the

participants that the pre-survey questionnaire is for research purposes, and

inform them that their answers will remain confidential according to the

law. The researchers will then ask them if they could spare time to answer

the pre-survey questionnaire.

If participants accept the researchers' request to engage in the

activity, they will send them the link to the Google Form for the pre-survey

questionnaire. In this questionnaire, they will answer relevant questions to

know if they have the potential to become an interviewee. Once the

researchers find participants that are suited and related the most to the

topic, the interview will then be conducted.

After the interview, the acquired data will be processed, analyzed,

and tabulated by the researchers to determine "Heavy workloads faced by

 Philippine Christian University
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STEM students: Compartmentalization towards the prevention of its effect

on their health.''

Presentation of the obtained answers. In the presentation, the

researchers will discuss the acquired interview responses. This will display

the findings of the discussions both graphically and textually. Depending

on the results, a conclusion and recommendation will then be developed

and considered.

Data Analysis

The researchers will use thematic analysis for this study's

qualitative data analysis. This approach will require several steps, including

familiarizing the data, creating initial codes, seeking themes, examining

and improving themes, defining and labeling themes, and constructing a

report. The researchers will employ many procedures, including the

triangulation of data sources, member verification, and peer debriefing, to

guarantee the objectivity and rigor of the analysis. In addition, the

researchers will record their judgments, presumptions, and interpretations

in a reflective log throughout the analysis process. Using thematic analysis

will enable the researchers to thoroughly examine the Heavy Workloads

Faced by STEM Students and their Prevention toward the Effect on their

Health. The results of this analysis will provide valuable insights and

contribute to the study.

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