VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590 018, KARNATAKA, INDIA

ACTIVITY REPORT
10/09/2020 – 17/09/2020
“PROMOTION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted By
Name USN
KARTHIK K N 4VP18ME019

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VIVEKANANDA COLLGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
[A Unit of Vivekananda Vidyavardhaka Sangha, Puttur (R)]

Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University and Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka

Nehru Nagara, Puttur – 574 203, DK, Karnataka, India

September 2020

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI. No. Title

1 Front cover page

2 Table of content

3 Acknowledgement

4 Endorsement/Certificate/Application letter

5 Declaration by the student

6 Certificate
7 Introduction
8 The Role of Innovation and Technology in the
World
9 Information and Communication Technologies
for the Environment
10 Technologies for Sustainable Energy
Production
11 Importance of Machine Learning
12 Importance of Artificial Intelligence
13 Internet Of Things (IOT)
14 Internet Of Things (IOT)
15 Introducing ARDINO Mini Projects
16 Components of ARDINO Mini Project
17 Our ARDINO Mini Projects Photos
18-20 Photos & Data related to Activity
21 Conclusion

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me
the possibility to complete this activity. A special thanks to my guide Assistant
Professor Mr. Sunil B. Lakkundi , Department of Mechanical Engineering
for his excellent guidance, encouragement and inspiration to the course of this
activity. The blessing, help and guidance given by his time to time shall carry
use a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to
embark. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to in-
change.

I am obligate to our Head of the Department Dr. Manujesh B J

(HOD of Mechanical Engineering) for giving this great opportunity. I am
greateful for his cooperation during the period of my activity. Lastly, I thank
every one of our batch for their cooperation, support and for their constant
encouragement without which this activity would not possible.

KARTHIK K N
4VP18ME019

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Endorsement / Certificate /Appreciation Letter

Mr. KARTHIK K N , B.E. 5TH Semester Mechanical Engineering student of

Vivekananda College of Engineering and Technology, Puttur was working on the
aspect to Promotion of Appropriate Technologies.
From 10/9/2020 & 17/09/2020 for one week. His work supported the objectives
of our college and in the interest of beneficiaries.

Date: 10/11/2020
Place: VCET, Puttur

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 DECLARATION

I am Karthik K N student of 5th semester B.E. in Mechanical Engineering of

Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology, Puttur, hereby declare that the Activity
Point Programme entitled “Promotion of Appropriate Technologies” been carried out
and duly executed by me, under the guidance of Mr. Sunil B. Lakkundi , Assistant Professor,
Department Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology,
Puttur and submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirements for the award of Degree in
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering by Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the academic year 2020-21.

Karthik K N
4VP18ME019
5th Semester ME
Date: 10/11/2020
Place: VCET, Puttur

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 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that Mr. Karthik K N, bearing USN 4VP18ME019, a bonafide

student of Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology, Puttur has carried
out one of the AICTE Activity Point Programme entitled “Promotion of
Appropriate Technologies” during the academic year 2020-21 in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of
the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.
The Activity Report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of AICTE Activity Point Programme prescribed for the said
Degree.

____________________ ____________________ ______________________

Signature of the counselor Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal
Mr. Sunil B. Lakkundi Dr. Manujesh B J Dr. Mahesh Prasanna K

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Introduction :

Technological innovation – combined with scientific research – has always

Constituted a driving force of transformation in our societies. From the
moment it turns into an industrial and economic tool, any form of societal
innovation involves change in production processes: the creation and
development of newlines of business, increased marketing of new products,
and therefore the set-up of new organizational modes of social interaction, as
much within as between societies across the world.

But technology is also a process, a social mechanism which becomes

inclusive over time and brings individuals together, or drives some away; it
creates special interest groups, impacts the natural or developed
environments in which these individuals evolve, and alters cultural patterns,
the way we think and act, and the way we see the world and understand it,
whether we have taken ownership of these technologies or are marginalized
by their development.

Technologies – their emergence, dissemination, transformation, development,

and even disappearance for the benefit of more sophisticated ones – are, and
Increasingly rapidly so, catalysts for change within and between
contemporary human societies. They are the fundamental constituents of
what will determine the future, and the reference points outlining the present.
We live in a world in which technologies play a prevalent role in the
globalization of exchanges (not only of information but also of people and
culture) and in the creation of new living patterns (settling down, moving
around, working, eating and staying healthy, communicating, enjoying
ourselves, interacting, etc.), as well as the geographical distribution of the
assets, knowledge, and products that are driven by growth. In fact, the world
is no longer divided into self-contained hegemonic blocks, be they political
or economic groupings. The world has turned into a throng of countries and
regions constantly competing with each other. They have all adopted a
similar vision of what progress means, both economic and material as well as
cultural and social, teetering between aggressive behavior and cooperation,
between living and working patterns that are either site specific – and yet
similar worldwide – or mixed.

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The Role of Innovation and Technology in the World :

The world has been undergoing radical transformation over the last two to
three decades. From now on, the globalization of trade is setting the course
for a fully globalized economy. On the subject recalls that from 1950 to
2000, he share of trade in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has more than
doubled. Yet the opening of external trade is one of the three key factors in
the dissemination of technological advances, along with direct overseas
investments and contacts established between emigrated populations and
their families of origin, in particular through financial remittances.
Technological advances have therefore led to the implementation of
telecommunications and information system networks that are continuously
linking up, in real time, all the inhabited areas of the world.
This technological revolution and the globalization of economic exchanges
on an international level have not, however, significantly reduced the poverty
that is still rife in many regions of the world. Whether at an international
level or more narrowly, within each country’s own internal structure,
Globalization does not concur with a widespread reduction of inequalities.
Thus, the technological gap between rich and poor countries remains
significant, on the one hand because rich countries own resources that less
advantaged countries do not possess and on the other hand because rich
countries have more individuals and companies with the skills needed to
make the most of available technologies. However, developing countries
have achieved remarkable technological advances, sometimes even twice as
fast as developed countries. Such progress was notably rapid in lower-income
countries, with some catching up with high-income countries.

These essential components, although not exhaustive, establish a link

between scientific and technological skills and strategic areas of
development; they represent a first-rate potential for research and a genuine
tool for development cooperation – both key elements for long-term
sustainable development. They are the following:
• Technologies for sustainable habitat and cities
• Information and communication technologies for the environment
• Science and technology for disaster risk reduction
• Technologies for sustainable energy production

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Information and Communication Technologies for the
Environment:

ICTs offer promising potential for the environment in developing countries:

mobile information and communication systems are used to build wireless
sensor networks and produce complete sets of data on the environment,
Global Systems for Mobile communications (GSM) applications can support
data transfer for various applications, and cell phone networks and many
Internet applications contribute to a better understanding or governance of the
environment. Although new technologies are available, enabling of ICTs in
developing countries remains a challenge in the form of obstacles to
technology transfer, closing of numeric gaps, and contributions to ensure
environmental sustainability. The latter is a major objective worldwide and
one of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the fight against
poverty. Closing the numeric gap is also a concern on the international
agenda. Part of the environmental challenge is directly linked to economy
and governance: although resources may be sufficient, poverty, competition,
and poor choices make sustainability rare. Adequate information and
communication are essential to obtain data, monitor and manage the use of
resources, and inform. When environmental management fails, ICTs can
provide innovative solutions that will encourage sustainability. The idea of
this workshop was to generate discussion of new technology, examples of
applications, and innovative uses, which will enable ICTs to be used for
environmental management in developing countries. The workshop aimed to
exchange ideas and pilot experiences involving mobile information and
communication systems, GSM applications, cell-phone networks, the
Internet, and other ICTs. The objective of the workshop was to review
emerging ICTs, discuss innovative applications of ICTs and the conditions
for successful implementation, such as the importance of tackling challenges
relating to development.

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Technologies for Sustainable Energy Production

Strong demographic growth, the rapid industrialization of large countries

emerging on the international economic scene, and the environmental impact
of industrial, agricultural, and urban activities mean that energy choices made
over recent decades have to be rethought. In view of the anticipated depletion
of fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) and their proven contribution to the
deteriorating living conditions on the Earth (pollution, climate change), it is
essential that dependence on these inherently nonrenewable energy resources
be reduced. The energy crisis is however not just linked to a problem of
resource supply and shrewd effluent management – it also involves economic
and social aspects: the extremely volatile nature of fuel prices, large
disparities in access to energy sources, and ambivalent public policies
regarding consumer prices. These questions, if posed on a global basis for the
planet as a whole, entail especially serious consequences for developing
countries. The precariousness of populations, whether rural or urban, also has
energy implications: although the changes observed in ways of life in
developing countries result in an overall increase in energy consumption, one
quarter of the human race is entirely reliant on “noncommercial” biomass
fuels (particularly firewood), while 1.6 billion
people still have no access to electricity. Developing countries are confronted
with a dual challenge: gaining access to alternative and renewable energies
with low environmental impact, adapted to their geographical and climatic
conditions, and encouraging the use of local primary energies, produced at
reasonable cost and efficiently transformable into energies accessible to the
vast majority of low income inhabitants. The aim of this workshop was to
reflect on the links that exist between energies, appropriate technologies, and
socioeconomic development in Southern countries by:

• Evaluating the potential of contemporary technologies for sustainable

development relating to energy and the environment
• Focusing workshop participants’ attention on the major innovations in the
energy sector and the necessary conditions for adapting these to the context
of developing countries
• Examining individual perception of technologies according to sectors,
needs, and access possibilities

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Importance of Machine Learning:

Machine Learning is the core subarea of artificial intelligence. It makes

computers get into a self-learning mode without explicit programming. When
fed new data, these computers learn, grow, change, and develop by
themselves. The concept of machine learning has been around for a while
now. However, the ability to automatically and quickly apply mathematical
calculations to big data is now gaining a bit of momentum. Machine learning
has been used in several places like the self-driving Google car, the online
recommendation engines – friend recommendations on Facebook, offer
suggestions from Amazon, and in cyber fraud detection.

The machine learning field is continuously evolving. And along with

evolution comes a rise in demand and importance. There is one crucial reason
why data scientists need machine learning, and that is: ‘High-value
predictions that can guide better decisions and smart actions in real-time
without human intervention.’ Machine learning as technology helps analyze
large chunks of data, easing the tasks of data scientists in an automated
process and is gaining a lot of prominence and recognition. Machine learning
has changed the way data extraction and interpretation works by involving
automatic sets of generic methods that have replaced traditional statistical
techniques.

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Importance of Artificial Intelligence :

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the basis for mimicking human intelligence

processes through the creation and application of algorithms built into a
dynamic computing environment. Stated simply, AI is trying to make
computers think and act like humans.
Achieving this end requires three key components:
 Computational systems
 Data and data management
 Advanced AI algorithms (code)
The more humanlike the desired outcome, the more data and processing
power required.
At least since the first century BCE, humans have been intrigued by the
possibility of creating machines that mimic the human brain. In modern
times, the term artificial intelligence was coined in 1955 by John McCarthy.
In 1956, McCarthy and others organized a conference titled the “Dartmouth
Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.” This beginning led to
the creation of machine learning, deep learning, predictive analytics, and now
to prescriptive analytics. It also gave rise to a whole new field of study, data
science. Today, the amount of data that is generated, by both humans and
machines, far outpaces humans’ ability to absorb, interpret, and make
complex decisions based on that data. Artificial intelligence forms the basis
for all computer learning and is the future of all complex decision making. As
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an example, most humans can figure out how to not lose at tic-tac-toe
(noughts and crosses), even though there are 255,168 unique moves, of which
46,080 end in a draw. Far fewer folks would be considered grand champions
of checkers, with more than 500 x 1018, or 500 quintillion, different potential
moves. Computers are extremely efficient at calculating these combinations
and permutations to arrive at the best decision. AI (and its logical evolution
of machine learning) and deep learning are the foundational future of
business decision making.

Internet Of Things (IOT) :

Internet of Things is a recent technology that creates a global network of

machines and devices that are capable of communicating and exchanging
data with each other through the Internet. There is a difference between the
Internet of Things and the Internet. Internet of Things can create information
about the connected objects, analyze it, and make decisions; in other words,
one can tell that the Internet of Things is smarter than the Internet. Security
cameras, sensors, vehicles, buildings, and software are examples of things
that can exchange data among each other

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The Internet of Things is recognized as one of the most important areas of
future technologies and is gaining vast recognition in a wide range of
applications and fields related to smart cities, military, education, hospitals,
homeland security systems, transportation and autonomous connected cars,
agriculture, intelligent shopping systems, and other modern technologies. The
smart home is one of the main applications that use the Internet of Things
infrastructure to connect several sensors. The sensors can sense and collect
surrounding information that is used to fully control different home systems
such as lighting and security

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Introducing ARDINO Mini Projects :

ARDINO Bluetooth Controlled Car

We humans love controlling stuff and that is why Automation and robotics
so fascinating. We created a Bluetooth controlled car. So lets get started.
This will be a Bluetooth controlled car so for this project we are using HC-05
Bluetooth module to receive the controlling data packets. We will also need
an android app which will be sending the controlling data packets to the
Bluetooth module.
We connect the Bluetooth module with the mobile app. Once done, the
commands which we give through the mobile get sent to the Arduino uno
module.

Bluetooth Module

HC Bluetooth module consists two things one Bluetooth serial interface

module and a Bluetooth adaptor. Bluetooth serial module is used For
converting serial port to Bluetooth. You can directly use the Bluetooth
module after purchasing from market, because there is no need to change
any setting of Bluetooth module. Default Bluetooth module is 9600bps. You
just need to connect rx and tx to controller or serial converter and give 5
volt dc regulated power supply to module.

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Components of ARDINO Mini Project

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Our ARDINO Mini Projects :

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Making of Mini Projects and Explaining the Working and Constructions
to all and Making the Projects more Attractive.

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Mini Project Demonstrations in Schools and also Guiding the students
for Future Innovations, Teaching them about recent Technologies etc.

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Our Team Attending Online Contests, Webinars and also
conducting Online Webinars to Students for Giving more details
on Recent Technologies, Innovative things etc.

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Conclusion:
“Promotion of Appropriate Technologies” is our topic of the
activity. In the beginning, we directly interacted with some schools ,
institutions to demonstrate the IOT mini projects, shared the importance and
knowledge about the recent technologies such as Artificial Intelligence,
Machine Learning, IOT, ICT, Educational applications etc.

Later due to COVID Pandemic we chose an alternative method to share the

things to students through social media platform. We have conducted several
Webinars, Mini project demonstration, IOT contests etc., on this topic
through Zoom, Google Meet, Teams, Cisco Webex etc applications.

We succeeded in connecting several students from different institutions along

with our institution. We also connected many resource persons to conduct the
webinars to share their knowledge and experience on importance of modern
technologies. Throughout the session most of our participants actively
engaged in the webinars contests and also in questionnaire part which was
held at the end of the session. We also got wonderful feedback and support
from most of the participants, teachers, lecturers which encouraged us for our
upcoming activities. Our team actively participated in virtual IOT contests,
Technical Talks, SDPs, Virtual Internship etc., from which we got
appreciation certificates also.

Hence this virtual activity gave us a wonderful experience and knowledge.

Got the opportunity to interact with many innovative participants virtually
through this activity. We have satisfied and also shared most of the things on
this particular activity – “Promotion of Appropriate Technologies” and also it
was benefited most of the peoples who were engaged with us.

THANK YOU
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