CRSS 0235

CHUKA UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
CHUKA /EMBU

EXAMINATION FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND

SECURITY STUDIES

CRSS 0235: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT

STREAMS: TIME: 2 HOURS

DAY/DATE: WEDNESDAY 4/12/2019 2.30 P.M – 4.30 P.M

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer question one and any other two

QUESTION ONE

(a) Discuss the implications of resource use and management on the following.
(i) Wetlands and freshwater resources [5 marks]
(ii) Climate change [5 marks]
(b) Explain four objectives of environmental legislation. [8 marks]
(c) Write short notes on the following terms
(i) Right to clean and healthy environment. [4 marks]
(ii) Public interest litigation [4 marks]
(iii) Trasboundary pollution [4 marks]

QUESTION TWO
Discuss in detail five principles of international legal protection of natural resources. [20 marks]

QUESTION THREE
(a) Examine the historical development and evolution of environmental protection and
enforcement in the world. [10 marks]
(b) Discuss five challenges facing natural resources law enforcement in Kenya.[10 marks]

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QUESTION FOUR
(a) Examine the current and emerging issues on natural resources concerns. [10 marks]
(b) Discuss the various sanctions that can be imposed to individuals/organizations that
interfere with natural resources in Kenya. [10 marks]
QUESTION FIVE
(a) Explain five legal frameworks for prosecuting wildlife crimes. [10 marks]
(b) Discuss FIVE functions of NEMA. [10 marks]
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