NICOLAS TABORA KIM

YEAR 11B

USE THE WORDS IN THE BOX BELOW

TO FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES

Plumule radicle energy enzymes optimum

Sexually pollination pollen self pollination variation dry up

Improving pollen tube sepals overcrowding colonise suitable

anther seed dispersal mineral ions attract protein

1 parent zygote style ovule helicopters activates

gamete compete fleshy oxygen starch swell

stigma cross pollination micropyle fruit testa

Throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, many organisms have the ability to reproduce

____________,
sexually using gametes, or asexually, which involves just ____________.
1 parent During sexual

reproduction, the male ____________

gamete fertilizes the female __________
gamete zygote
to form a ___________

which develops into the new organism.

pollination
In plants, the first stage in sexual reproduction is ______________. This is where __________,
pollen

containing the male gamete, is transfered from the _________

stigma to the ____________.
style If this happens

on the same flower or a flower on the same plant it is called _____________________.

self-pollination If it happens

between flowers on different plants it is called __________________.

cross-pollination This has the advantage of

introducing more genetic _____________

variation improving
which gives the plants more chance of _____________ the

species. Once this stage is over, a ________________

pollen tube grows down the ___________,
style in through the

______________,
micropyle and delivers the male gamete to the female gamete located in the _________.
ovary The

petals, ___________,
sepals anthers and filaments have done their job, and they ____________
dry up and fall off.

The ovule turns into the __________,

seed and the ovary turns into the __________.
fruit
Many fruits are adapted for ______________,
dispersal far away from the parent plant. This helps the prevent

_________________,
overcrowding where the new plants would _____________
compete for light, water and

_________________,
mineral ions and allows the species to ______________
colonise new areas. Fruits may have wings,

or rotate like _________________

helicopters in the wind. Others are ____________,
fleshy and have bright colours to

___________
attract birds and animals to eat them. Apart from landing on ground where they can

germinate, seeds must have ____________,

oxygen for aerobic respiration. This produces the

_____________ starch
needed during germination. Seeds have a food reserve of ___________ and
energy

______________,
protein which they break down into maltose and amino acids. They then use these

substances to make new cells. Seeds also need water for germination. This dissolves and

________________
activates the enzymes that convert the starch and protein into smaller molecules, and also

helps ________
swell up the seed and break open the __________
testa so the ____________
radicle and

________________
plumule can emerge. The last essential factor is a _______________
suitable temperature so that

the ______________
enzymes work in ________________conditions.
optimum