CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION

PART 1

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
16.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Definition:

• Production of ______________________________ offspring

• From ___________ parent

1: _____________ fission 2: ____________ formation 3: _____________ formation

Examples: Example: Examples:
______________________ ______________________ _________________________

Advantage & disadvantage of Asexual reproduction

Advantage Disadvantage
1. Only ____________________ (no mate 1. Lack ______________
required)
2. If environment changes,
2. No _________________ _______________________________.

3. ______________ of organism produced in short 3. ____________ resistant towards diseases-

time may wipe out entire crop.

4. Offspring is _____________________ to
parent.

5. Offspring can _____________ in _________

conditions as parent.

16.2 Sexual Reproduction

Definition: Production of offspring by ______________ parents.

Through _________ of male & female _______________
Involves _______________________
New terms:
Gametes: __________ such as _________ &
___________.
Haploid: a gamete with only _____________________
from 1 parent.
Advantage & disadvantage
Diploid: a cell of Sexual reproduction
with ____________________ from both
parents.

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
Advantage Disadvantage
1. Fusion of _______________ results in 1. Requires __________________
________________.
2. Takes more
2. Offspring may be _______________________ ____________________________ to find a
mate.
3. Survival of species in
_________________________ is more likely.

16. 3 Sexual Reproduction in PLANTS

Life cycle of a plant:

Plant produces flower → pollination
→ fertilization → Fruits → seed →
germinates → new plant

Structure of a flower

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
Plant Gametes:
Gametes Term Produced at
Male gamete

Female gamete

Pollination

Definition:
Transfer of _________________ from ______________ to stigma
How?
1) Animal (insects) 2) wind

Wind vs Insect pollinated flowers

Insect Wind
____________ petals, __________ coloured _______________, non-attractive petals

___________________ No scent

Produces ________________ No Nectar

Anther & stigma located __________________ Anther & stigma located __________________

_________________________ pollen grains __________ pollen grain

____________ pollen grains ________________ pollen grains

_______________ number of pollen _____________ pollen grains

Remember! Pollination is NOT

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Fertilization
By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
Self vs Cross Pollination
Self-Pollination Cross Pollination
Pollen from a flower can land on Pollen from one plant is transferred to the
_____________________ or on the stigma stigma of another
of another flower on the ______________ ________________________________

Reduces ____________________ of the Improves genetic variation

offspring

Less likely to __________________________

_________________________________ to adapt to new environmental conditions
_________________________________

Does not rely on pollinators relies completely on

______________________

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
Mechanism of sexual reproduction in plants: Fertilization

1) ____________________ lands on
__________________.

2) Pollen grain grows a _____________

down the style towards the ______________.

3) The male gamete enters the

_____________ and fertilizes the
________________ producing a zygote.
Pollen tube guides
_______________________
towards the
_______________________
(ovule) The fate of the flower:
• The ovary = ____________________
• The zygote = ______________
• The petals = ________________

Germination

Definition:

Environmental conditions for germination

Factor Explanation

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
Question: Is light needed as a factor for germination? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16.4 Sexual Reproduction in Human
Male reproductive system

Female Reproductive system

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan
 CHAPTER 16: REPRODUCTION
PART 1
We learnt that plant gametes are pollen grains & ovule. So, what are human gametes?

Male gamete: Sperm

Acrosome:
Contains ____________
to digest the
_____________ of egg
cell to allow male
nucleus to
_______________
female nucleus.

Female gamete: Egg cell

Jelly coat changes after fertilization to

prevent multiple sperms from entering

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By: Lavanya Silvarajan