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1
Bo11eB, Cm. BeAeHe. CKa3airne 3a KOH~arepHa
6'bArap11.R. C., 1990; MuHKOB,
HB. ,,CA'bH'leB 6pHr", Aarep'bT Ha CM'bpTTa. C., 1990;
B'bArapcIGt.RT fYAAf.
CBJ.tAeTeAH. C., 1991; Ep'b3Ulf,OB. Xp. 3000 Ho~
11 B 3aTBopa. C., 1991; Eo-
ziJaHoB, Cm. ABe CM'bpT11 H.RMa, a 6e3 eAHa He
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AeMOKpaTH'leH C'bA 611:X ce onpaBAaA. MeMoap1
1 Ha MHHHCT'bpa Ha B'bTpem-
mrre pa6orn. v1Hrpacp, 1991; CBuHmuAa, BA. AH
qeToHafoAroTaTa. BpoAH-
1.leHCKaTanCHXHaTpIDI. C., 1992; XaiJJKueB. ff. C'bA
'hT Ha 6paABara. C., 1992;
BeHeiJuKoB, Ha. TTo3HaHTe r11 no AeAaTa HM. 6'bA
rapcKaTa 11HteAHreimW1 8
MOHTe cnoMeHH. C., 1993; I'eHoB, MB. C'hA6aTa
Ha )KepTBHTe. HapoAHWIT
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l.(eHT'bp" 8 6op6aTa npOTJ.1B )KHBKOBHCTHTe 196 5-1 968 fOA
Ka3atuKu, B Te HHa. c., 1993;
6 · YMHpaxa npaB11, ,,HapoAHH.RT C'hA"· C. 1993; Cmo ., )K A3
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no 60>KHR ~OAR ocrauax )!01B... J,is
cnoMeHMte Hae .6
AMH 'hArapc101 oq,1,u~ep. CTapa 3aropa, 1994; Tp'bHCK u CA.
HeB'b3MO)l(H}1 '
.
ffa l:!- MCTffHM. c., 1994; BacuAeB, r. H. OcT fl
ll'\Ai:bAl'apH11. c., 19Q~. n ......~ -- pOB nepcHH, 030 p'bT
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pB aH H rOAHHH. Cn o-
~e HH . C., 1993; Tooopoa, Cm. Ao Bb px oB eT e Ha
BAaCTTa. C., 1995; Aesites,
• TH CH CAeABall.\HRT! C., 19
98; TeMaAOB, K. Me Mo ap HH sanHCKH
CeMepowues, Am. npe>KHBRHOTO He IlOAA , C., 1998;
e>KH Ha o6>KaABaHe. c., 19
Mumpos, H. Bc H'l Ko Te 'le... Cn oM eH H. C., 99;Au..
2000; BoHeB, Cm. BpeMeto, B KOeTO
60 TK X, c.. 2001; fpawHOB
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TIHCHaHapOAHOTO , M. KaMeHHH.RT AeTO•
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r. KH Hr a n'b pa a - fbtoKepMte .
., 2000, KaMeHHMJIT AeTOOHC Ha HapO
AHOTO CTpOHT eACTBO 19
KH1-1ra Bto pa _ M J'. 44- 1990·
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420 I J,f, Bae8a, E, KaAUHOBa • COJ.JJ1MJ13M'bT BOfAEAMaro H
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MeHH. C., 1993; TooopoB, Cm. Ao B'bpxosere Ha BAacrra. C., 1995; Aes1teB,
9
A. TH CH cAeABaIQHRT! C., 1998; TeMaAOB, K. MeMoapHH sanHCKH, C., 19 8;
CeMepoJKues, Am. TTpe>KHBRHoro He noAAe>KH Ha o6>KaABaHe. C., 1999;Au-
Mumpos, H. BcH'IKO re'le ... CnoMeHH. C., 2000; BoHeB, Cm. BpeMeTo, Bxoero
>KHBRX, Hxopara, CKOHTO pa60THX. c., 2001; I'paU4HOB, M. KaMeHHHJIT
AeTO·
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C., 2000, KaMeHHIIIIT Aerom1c Ha HBPOAHOTO crpo11reACTBO 1944- 19~·
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. r.uAa H8 AVXa u \JOBelfHOCT, H anwcaHO sa Hero __ O..,T
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