ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Activity 2
La Paz, Iloilo City
EE 18 – Circuits 2 Lab

Name: KRIZA MAE C. TORMON Yr & Sec.: BSECE 2-A

MARIE FRANZINE BEDIA
KRISTIAN C. LABAYNO

Activity No. 2
Resistive Circuit

Introduction:
The charge moving in a conductor collides with other charges and is sometimes
moved in different directions. Also its movement can be “stop and go” one. This action
tends to oppose the movement of the charge. This opposition to the movement is known
as resistance. When a resistance is connected to a sinusoidal source the current remain
in phase with the voltage

Objectives:
The student will be able to:
1. Determine the peak value and the effective value of the current
2. Determine the phase angle between current and voltage

Calculation DATA:
𝑉𝑅2(𝑝)
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝐼𝑝 =
𝑅2
𝑉𝑅2(𝑝𝑝)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑉𝑅2(𝑝) =
2

𝑉𝑅2(𝑒𝑓𝑓)
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) =
𝑅2

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Diagram:

FIGURE 1

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 1

2. Supply a voltage of 8V, 500Hz
3. Set any value for 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 , where 𝑅1 ≠ 𝑅2
4. Run the simulation.
5. In the Grapher tab observe the signal.
6. Adjust the axes of the graph to display at least 1 cycle.
7. Copy the signals displayed and paste it to the Observed Results below,
8. Measure the peak-to-peak input voltage and write the value in table 1
9. Measure the peak current and write the value in table 1
10. Calculate the peak current and write the value in Table 1
11. Calculate the effective value of the current
12. Repeat the previous operations for all values of the frequency written in Table 1 and write
the values in Table 1

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Obtained results:

Graph 1: Frequency at 500 Hz

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Graph 2: Frequency at 600 Hz

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Graph 3: Frequency at 800 Hz

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Graph 4: Frequency at 1000 Hz

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Graph 5: Frequency at 1200 Hz
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 𝒇(𝑯𝒛) 𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑𝒑) (𝑽) 𝑰𝒑 (𝒎𝑨) 𝑰𝒆𝒇𝒇 (𝒎𝑨)

Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Calculated

500 11.4 11.4 2.28 2.28 1.62

600 11.4 11.4 2.28 2.28 1.62

800 11.4 11.4 2.28 2.28 1.62

1000 11.4 11.4 2.28 2.28 1.62

1200 11.4 11.4 2.28 2.28 1.62

Table 1

Computations:

Solving for the 𝑉𝑅2(𝑝𝑝) (𝑉) at frequency value equals to 500 Hz, 600Hz,
800Hz,1000Hz, and 1200Hz.

Solution:

𝑉𝑅2(𝑝𝑝) = 2(𝑉𝑅2(𝑝) ) but 𝑉𝑅2(𝑝) is,

𝑅2
𝑉𝑅2(𝑝) = 𝑉
𝑅2 + 𝑅1
2500 Ω
= 8𝑉
2500 Ω + 1000 Ω
𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑) = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 𝑽 now,

𝑉𝑅2(𝑝𝑝) = 2(𝑉𝑅2(𝑝) )
= 2(5.71 𝑉)
𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑𝒑) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 𝑽

*SINCE FREQUENCY DOESN’T AFFECT THE COMPUTATION OF PEAK-TO-PEAK VOLTAGE

ACROSS R2, thus 𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑𝒑) (𝑽) at frequency 500Hz, 600Hz, 800Hz,1kHz, and
1.2kHz was equal to 11.42V.

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Solving for the peak current (Ip) in milli Ampere at frequency value equals to
500Hz, 600Hz, 800Hz,1kHz, and 1.2kHz.
SOLUTION:

𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑)
𝑰𝒑 =
𝑹𝟐
𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 𝑽
=
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 Ω
𝑰𝒑 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝑨

*SINCE FREQUENCY DOESN’T AFFECT THE COMPUTATION OF THE PEAK CURRENT,

thus 𝑰𝒑 at frequency 500Hz, 600Hz, 800Hz,1kHz, and 1.2kHz was equal
to 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝑨.

Solving for the effective current Ieff at frequency value equals to 500Hz, 600Hz,
800Hz,1kHz, and 1.2kHz.

SOLUTION:

𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒆𝒇𝒇) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 (𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒑) )

= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 (𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 𝑽)
𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒆𝒇𝒇) = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟒 𝑽

now,
𝑽𝑹𝟐(𝒆𝒇𝒇)
Effective Current (Ieff) = or Effective Current (Ieff) = 0.707(Ip)
𝑹𝟐
𝟒.𝟎𝟒 𝑽
=
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎Ω
Effective Current (Ieff )= 1.62 mA

*Thus, the EFFECTIVE CURRENT (Ieff)at 500Hz, 600Hz, 800Hz,1kHz, and

1.2kHz is equal to 1.62 mA.

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Questions:
1. Is Ohm’s law valid for purely resistive circuit?

ANSWER:
YES. The obscure mathematics behind the spiffy graphical representation of an
alternating waveform is notwithstanding. But rarely become pragmatic when applied as
we usually do not evaluate voltage, current and power from instant to the next. What
we are trying to figure out is how to directly solve the values being asked. Thereupon, it
can be exactly work by means of achieving the value of the effective values for voltage
and current. As VRMS is equivalent to a DC voltage of the same value, Ohm’s law can be
applied for and only in a purely resistive circuit because other non-resistive
components exhibit a markedly different behavior.

2. What is the phase difference between the voltage and the current?

ANSWER:
The phase difference between the voltage and the current is 0°.

3. What is the phase relation between the current and the voltage in a resistor?

ANSWER:
In the pure resistive circuit current and voltage, both are in phase. Therefore, the
current and the voltage both will have their peak values at the same instant.

4. What will happen to the current in the resistor if the frequency increases?

ANSWER:
There is no change happened to the current in the resistor as the frequency increases.

5. What effect does changing the frequency of the input signal to the current in the resistor?
ANSWER:

There is no effect happened upon changing the frequency of the input signal to the
current in the resistor.

6. What effect does changing the amplitude of the voltage to the current in the resistor?

ANSWER:
The amplitude of the voltage is directly proportional to the current in the resistor. In
the case that, when the amplitude of the voltage increases, the peak current also
increases and in reverse.

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Observations:
There were three significant observations inferred from this experiment such as:

1. The voltage and the current in the purely resistive circuit are in phase with
each other having no phase difference with phase angle zero.

2. Increasing or decreasing the frequency of the input signal would cause no effect
to the current in the resistor. On the contrary, increasing or decreasing the
amplitude of the voltage would greatly affect the current in the resistor.

3. Lastly, voltage and current waveforms reaches their maximum and minimum
values at the same instants. However, the amplitudes of the waveforms are
different from each other.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, Alternating Current is one which regularly changes its direction as well
as its value. In other words, alternating current it is a type of current which flows first
in one direction and secondly, it flows in the opposite direction. In each cycle, it changes
the value from zero to the maximum and again hit the zero value.

In AC, it is not possible to represent the magnitudes as its amplitude of AC sine wave
continuously changes with time. This way, we have multiple options to express the
magnitude and different values related to an AC sine wave such as Peak Value, Peak-to-
Peak Value and RMS Value to name some of the few. For a sinusoidal wave, the effective
value of the current can be solved simply by multiplying 0.707 to the peak current value
while peak value can be determined by dividing the peak voltage and the resistors being
applied.

To add up, we can infer that at any point along the horizontal axis, instantaneous voltage
and current are in-phase because the current and the voltage reach their maximum
values at the same time, that is their phase angle θ is 0.

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