1)DESCRIBE NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION.

1.A object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless an unbalanced force is
acted upon it

2. acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the
net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
3. Every action has opposite and equal reaction 2)DEFINE INERTIA the tendency of an object to
continue in the state of rest or of uniform motion

3)ARCHEMEDIS PRINCIPLE

When an object is partially or fully immersed in a liquid it experiences an upthrust which is equal to the
mass of the liquid displaced

4)PASCALS LAW

PASCALS law states that the pressure applied on a enclosed fluid is transmitted or distributed evenly
throughout the fluid

5) WHAT IS CENTRE OF MASS

Centre of mass of a body is a point, where the whole mass of the body is supposed to be concentrated

6)DEFINE RELATIVE DENSITY

Relative density is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a
given reference material (i.e., water).

7)STATE BERNOULLIS THEOREM WITH EQUATION

Bernoulli’s theorem states that in any moving fluid, the sum of the potential energy, the kinetic energy
and the pressure energy is a constant.

p + ½ ρ v2 + ρgh =constant
8) WHAT IS EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
A mass balance of a fluid flowing through a stationary volume element.
9)MAGNUS EFFECT
The force exerted on a rapidly spinning cylinder or sphere moving through air or
another fluid in a direction at an angle to the axis of spin. This force is responsible for
the swerving of balls when hit or thrown with spin.
10)CHARLES LAW
At constant pressure, volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature in its
Kelvin
11)BOYLES LAW
At constant temperature, pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume of
gas.
12) LAW OF GRAVITATION
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle attracts every other
particle in the universe with force directly proportional to the product of the masses
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
13) KEPLER LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
KEPLER PLANETARY ORBIT LAW:-
The orbit of the planet is an elipse with the sun at one of the focii
KEPLER INTERVAL LAW:-
The line joining the planet and the sun sweeps equal areas in equal interval of time
KEPLER THIRD LAW:-
The square of its period of its revolution around the sun is directly proportional to
the cube of the mean distance of a planet from the sun
13) WHAT ARE GEO STATIONARY SATELLITES
A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite and placed directly over the
equator
14) DEFINE ECHO
A repeated sound that is caused by the reflection of the sound waves from the
surface. The sound is heard more than once because of the time difference between
the initial production of the sound waves and their return from the reflecting
surface.
15) WHAT IS SONAR?
Sonar stands for sound navigation ranging. It is defined as the technique used for determining the distance
and direction of underwater objects with the help of sound waves. This technique is used by animals such as
bats and whales.
16) DEFINE LAWS OF REFRACTION
The incident ray refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two media at the
point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is
a constant. This is also known as Snell’s law of refraction.
17) LAWS OF REFLECTION
The law of reflection defines that upon reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of
the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray, with respect to the normal
to the surface that is to a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
The reflected ray is always in the plane defined by the incident ray and the normal to
the surface at the point of contact of the incident ray.
18) REFRACTIVE INDEX
Measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into
another. .
19) CRITICAL ANGLE
The critical angle is the angle of incidence for which angle of refraction is 90°
20) TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Total internal Reflection is an optical phenomenon observed when a ray of light travelling from denser to
rarer medium strikes the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.

21) DEFINE MIRAGE

Mirage is an optical phenomenon which creates an illusion of the presence of water
22) WHAT IS LOOMING
a deceptive appearance of a distant object caused due to bending of light rays in
layers of air with varying density
23) WHY DO DIAMOND SPARKLE
Diamond sparkle because of total internal reflection. Total internal reflection is a
phenomenon that occurs at the boundary between two mediums, such that if the
incident angle in the first medium is greater than the critical angle, then all the light
is reflected into that medium.
24) WHAT IS LATERAL INVERSION
This shifts the sides of an object and its mirror images are known as lateral inversion
25) WHAT IS TYNDALL EFFECT
The phenomenon of scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in a very fine
suspension is called tyndall effect
26) DEFINE BREWSTER LAW
When an unpolarized light of known wavelength is incident on a transparent substance
surface, it experiences maximum plan polarization at the angle of incidence whose
tangent is the refractive index of the substance for the wavelength.
27) DEFINE POLARIZATION
property of certain electromagnetic radiations in which the direction and magnitude of
the vibrating electric field are related in a specified way
28) COLUMBS LAW
the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product
of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

29) WHAT IS DIELECTRIC

Dielectrics, in general, can be described as materials that are very poor conductors of electric current.
They are basically insulators and contain no free electron.

30) AMPERE CIRCUITAL LAW

The magnetic field created by an electric current is proportional to the size of that electric current with a
constant of proportionality equal to the permeability of free space

31) FARADAY LAW

1.Whenever a change takes place in the magnetic flux whose linking is with a circuit, an emf current is
induced in the circuit

2.The magnitude of the induced emf happens to be directly proportional to the rate of the change of
magnetic flux whose linking is with the circuit.

31) LENZ LAW

Lenz's law states that the current induced in the circuit which is due to the change in the magnetic field
is directed which opposes the change in the flux

32) WHAT IS WATT LESS CURRENT

The current that does not lead to energy consumption, hence zero power consumption, is called
wattless current.

33) WHAT IS CURIE TEMPERATURE temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp

change in their magnetic properties

34) WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY the act of emitting radiation spontaneously

35) DOPPLER EFFECT

The change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer which is moving relative to the sound
source.

36) WEIN DISPLACEMENT

the wavelength of thermal radiation most copiously emitted by a blackbody is inversely proportional to
the absolute temperature of the body

37) DEFINE SEMICONDUCTOR

The materials which have conductivity in between insulators and conductors.

38) DEFINE LED AND PHOTOELECTRIC CELL

Light-emitting diode: a semiconductor diode that emits light when conducting current and is used in
electronic displays, indoor and outdoor lighting, etc

A device using a photoelectric effect to generate current.

39) WHAT IS TRANSISTOR

Transistor, semiconductor device for amplifying, controlling, and generating electrical signals.

40) DEFINE RADAR? ON WHICH PRINCIPLE DOES IT WORKS

A device for determining the presence and location of an object by measuring the time for the echo of a
radio wave to return from it and the direction from which it returns.

41) DEFINE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

The Phenomenon of emission of electrons. From a metallic surface by use of light is called a
photoelectric effect
42) DEFINE WORK FUNCTION

Minimum quantity of energy which is required to remove an electron to infinity from the surface of a
given solid.

43) HUYGEN PRINCIPLE

Huygens principle states that every point on a wavefront is in itself the source of spherical
wavelets.

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