A[ymbw˛\mev

Imhycq]w
khntij]T\߃
 D≈S°w
`mKw H∂v ˛ Ipcpt£{Xw
_nw_Iev]\ Ipcpt£{XØn¬ 199

ssien 205

hrØw 206

]tcm£kqN\Iƒ 209

`mKw c≠v ˛ ]pXpcq]߃

Im¿´q¨ IhnXIƒ 211

Ip´\mS≥ Zriy߃ 217

almcmPIYIƒ 220

IpXncs°mºv 223

IhnX°f߃ 224

Ipdn∏pIƒ 231
 `mKw˛H∂v

Ipcpt£{Xw
amXr-`qan ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿ {]kn-≤o-I-
cn-°msXh® Ipcpt£{Xw 1960˛¬ tZi-_‘pNn{X-hm-cn-I-bn-¬ (hmeyw1.
\º¿ 16) kn. F≥. {ioI-WvT≥\m-b¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p. Cu IhnX

]pdØp h∂n´v Ac\q‰m-≠m-Ip-∂p. k¶o¿ÆX \nd™ Hcp "{]iv\-

IhnX'-bmbn C∂pw CXp \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

ssien-bnepw _nw_-kzo-I-c-W-Ønepw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ \mµn-Ip-

dn® "Ipcp-t£{Xw' \h-am-\-h-N-cn-{X-amWv DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. "am\-h-hy-

Y-bn¬\n∂v am\-h-tam-N-\-Øn-te°v Fßs\ FØmw'1 F∂v ]Wn-°¿
IhnXbneqsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu Ihn-Xsb A©p Jfi-ß-fmbn hn`-

Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A©v F∂ kwJy `mc-Xob kwkvIr-Xn-bp-ambn tN¿∂v

\n¬°p-∂p. ]©-`q-X-ß-fpw, ]t©-{µn-b-ß-fpw, ]©-{]m-W-ß-fpw, ]©-
a-lm-b-⁄-ß-fpw, ]©-tZ-hn-amcpw \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

]©-`q-X-߃ tN¿∂v ico-c-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse ]©Jfi߃ kwe-bn®v

"Ipcp-t£{X' icocw cq]-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

193
 CXns‚ LS-\sb \nb-{¥n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fen-b‰
- ns‚ "Xcn-ip-`q-an-'bpsS

inev]-am-Wv. c≠p Imhy-ßfpw ZpxJ-Øn¬ XpSßn im¥-Øn¬ Ah-km-

\n-°p-∂p. Zznenw-K-hy-‡n-Xz-ap≈ ssXdo-kn-b-kns‚ ImgvN-I-fmWv Xcn-
ip-`q-an-bn-eqsS A\m-hr-X-am-Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬ P∑\m A‘-\mb [rX-cm-jv{S-

cpsS tNmZy-߃°v DØcw \¬Ip∂ kRvP-bs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eq-sS-bmWv

Ipcp-t£-{X-IY Npcpƒ \nh-cp-∂-Xv. kRvP-bs‚ Dƒ°m-gvNbpw [rX-cm-
jv{S-cpsS A‘-Xbpw IqSn-t®¿∂m¬ ssXdo-kn-b- m-bn. Fen-b´pw Aø-

∏-∏-Wn-°cpw Ah-\-hs‚ kmwkvIm-cnI]mc-º-cysØ ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv

Imhy-c-N\ \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aqey-Nyp-Xn-bmWv c≠p Ihn-X-I-fn-sebpw
ImX- e mb hnjbw. ImtW≠Xns\ ImtW≠coXnbn¬ ImWm≥

IgnbmØ [rXcmjv{SXzamWv B[p\nIa\pjys\ A‘\m°p∂Xv. B

B‘yamWv aqeyNypXn°p ImcWamIp∂Xv.

Fen-b‰v "thÃvem≥Uv' cNn-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]Wn-°¿ "Ipcp-

t£{Xw' cNn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v am. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn ]d-bp-∂p.2 Ipcp-

t£{Xw thÃvem≥Un-t\-°mƒ ASpØp \n¬°p-∂Xv alm-`m-c-X-tØm-
Sm-sW-∂mWv N{µ-a-Xn-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw.3

"[¿Ωt£t{X Ipcpt£t{X

kathXm bpbp’hx

amaImx ]mfihmss›h

Ina Ip¿hX kRvPb' F∂ [rXcmjv{ShmIytØmsSbmWv

IhnX Bcw`n°p∂Xv. Ipcpt£{Xbp≤w \S°ptºmƒ Iuch]nXm

hmb [rXcmjv{S¿ kRvPbt\mSp C{]Imcw tNmZn®p. PmXy‘\mb

[rXcmjv { S¿°v bp≤`qanbnse Zriy߃ hnhcn®p sImSp°p∂Xv

194
kRvPb\mWv. Fs‚ a°fmb Iuchcpw ]mfihcpwIqSn

Ipcpt£{XØn¬ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? F∂p tNmZn°ptºmƒ Xs‚

a°sf°pdn®p≈ Iuch]nXmhns‚ DXvIWvTbmWv shfnhmIp∂Xv.
[¿Ωm[¿ΩhnthN\i‡n \jv S s∏´ kzm¿∞aXnbmb B[p\nI

a\pjys‚ hyYbmWv [rXcmjv { ScneqsS Ihn shfnhm°p∂Xv .

""]m¿∞\pw ]m¿∞kmcYnbpw Hcp ]g¶Ybnse IYm]m{X߃
am{Xa√; kz¥amb PohnXw Pohn°pIbpw AXpW¿Øp∂

[¿ΩhyYIƒ G‰phmßm≥ hn[n°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂ a\pjy≥ `qapJ

Øp≈ Imea{Xbpw {]k‡nbp≈ A¿∞Xe߃ hnhcnbv°p∂XmWv
`mcXbp≤Øns‚ IY.'' 4 hncp≤`mhßfpsS a’c`qanbmWv

a\pjya\ v . AhnsS A\mZnImew apX¬ [¿Ωhpw A[¿Ωhpw

XΩnep≈ bp≤w \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂p. ""F¥p sNøWw? F¥n\p
th≠n? XpSßnb tNmZy߃s°m∂pw DØcw In´msX \m¬°hebn¬

kvXw`n®p \n¬°p∂ a\pjya\ ns\bmWv ]Wn°¿ Cu IhnXbn¬

Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv.''5

a¿Øyh¿§hnjmZapƒs°m≠p

h¿≤bn¬ Rm≥ X] ncp∂t∏mƒ

im¥ntXSn \JJen{Kma˛

hoYnbn¬ Rm\en™ncp∂t∏mƒ

F¥p sNm√n \osbt∂mSp temI˛

\∑Xn∑ hyhÿsb∏‰n?

F∂p XmctØmSp tNmZn°p∂ Ihn, Cu hnjmZhpw im¥n

tXSepamWv Ipcpt£{XØn¬ Bhnjv ° cn°p∂ A\p`haqeyw.

195
""BZ¿i߃°pth≠n BfpIƒ acn°p∂p; sIm√p∂p. BZ¿ißsf

ItºmfØnepw ISØnÆbnepw hn‰pImim°n kpJat\zjn®p \S°p∂p.

hnizmkØns‚ t]cn¬ as‰√mw kwlcn°p∂p. hnizmkw \jvSs∏´Xp
sIm≠v \nXysshcmKnIfmbn amdp∂p. GsX¶nepw Hcp N´°q´n¬

PohnXw apgph≥ HXp°msa∂p hymtamln°p∂p; hymtamln∏n°p∂p.

I£n amdn Ip£n \ndbv°p∂p. F√mw Fs‚ t_m[afieØnepw
At_m[afieØnepw A\pcW\߃ D≠m°n'' 6 F∂mWv

Aø∏∏Wn°¿ ]dbp∂Xv.

Cu IhnX A©p `mKßfmbn Xncn®ncn°p∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-®n-

´p≠v. "N{IhmfØn\∏pdw NqSpIƒ sR´n h∂p ]nd∂' \£{XsØ

kwt_m[\ sNbvXp sIm≠mWv IhnX Bcw`n°p∂Xv.

"R߃ a¿Øy¿ \S\amSp∂

k¶S߃ X≥ au\KoX߃'7

\o tIƒ°p∂pthm? F∂v B \£{XtØmSp tNmZn°p∂ Ihn

"Bfp Xn°nØnc°ntbdp∂ N¥bmWv' Cu {]]©w F∂p ]dbp∂p.

""Iq¿Øp \n¬°psaSp∏n¬ a\pjy¿ X≥

am¿ØS߃ s]mXn®p ]¥mSn

D√kn°p∂p ]≈n, sIm´mc߲

fºeßfpw hnÆn∂p Iogn¬''8

kwLSnXaXßfpw cmjv{Sobÿm]\ßfpw CXns‚ {]Xn\n[n

IfmWv.

\ap°p ss]XrIambn In´nb kwkv I mcw, \ΩpsS ]mcºcyw

196
CsX√mw ssIhnSp∂ B[p\nI a\pjys\,

""sNßnb, a™\nd߃ Pzme

]n∂pw hndIpIƒ tN¿Ø NnXbn¬

sR´nbpWcm≥ hnf™pInS∏q

sXm´nen¬ Xmt\ ibn°pw''9

ihßfmbn Ihn Nn{XoIcn°p∂p.

IhnXbpsS aq∂mwJfiw [¿Ωm[¿ΩhnthN\Øn\mbn Ihn

D]tbmKn°p∂p.

"koXsb°m´n¬°fbtWm cmhW˛

cmPs‚ tNmcIpSn°tWm e¶Iƒ''

F∂ tNmZyw C∂pw DØcw In´msX a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ Ae-´n-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p. koXm-]-cn-XymKw, cmh-W-h-[w, e¶-bnse c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬,

kp{Ko-h-k-Jyw, hn`o-j-Ws‚ H‰-s∏-S¬, hkn-jvtTm-]-tZ-iw, CsX√mw
Ign-™n´pw cma≥ Pohn-X-Øn¬ F¥mWp t\Sn-bXv F∂p Ihn Bi-¶-

s∏-Sp-∂p.10

F√m ImeØpw a\pjy≥ Xs‚ sNbvXnIsf \ymboIcn°m≥

[¿ΩkwlnXIsf Iq´p ]nSn°mdp≠v. \oXnimkv{Xßfpw [¿ΩKoXIfpw

D≠mbn´pw "Ahy‡Zriyßfpw Ahy‡cmKßfpw' PohnXsØ

Iepjam°p∂p.

PohnXbmYm¿∞yßfpsS ]mcpjyØn¬\n∂v a\pjys\ tamNnX

\m°m≥ Hcp ]cn[nhsc kz]v\߃°p Ignhp≠v. k^eamhmØ

taml߃ kz]v \ ßfneqsS km^eyaSbptºmƒ PohnXØn\v

197
DW¿hp≠mIp∂p.

""PohnX kz]v\Øn¬ \mw I≠ ambnI apKv≤˛

`oIc kXyßfm¬ s\bvXtemIØn≥ inev]w

\ofs´ Imew hgn°hebv°ncp∂p \mw

ImWpI kz]v\w, Imew sImØnh®oSpw kz]v\w''11

"{]nb¶cXmcsØ' kwt_m[\ sNbv X psIm≠v Bcw`n°p∂

A©mwJfiØn¬

"t_m[n hr£ØW¬ ]‰n\nevt°≠

t_m[ap≈nepZn®nSpsa¶n¬

Im¬hcn°p∂nse IY ]mS≠

ImWnt\cw a\pjycmsa¶n¬'12

F∂p hmbn°mw. ""PohnXØns‚ auenI[¿Ωßfnte°pw

ASnsbmgp°pIfnte°pw hmb\°mcs‚ {i≤bmI¿jn°p∂ Ihn,

{]]©Øns‚ k¿§mflItNX\ a\ nem°n AXnt\mSp XmZmflyw

{]m]n®v kv t \lØns‚bpw a\pjyXzØns‚bpw shfn®Øn¬
ss\k¿§nI PohnXw \bn°pIbmWv a\pjys‚ tam£am¿§w'' F∂

\nKa\Øn¬ FØnt®cp∂p.13

IepjPohnXbmYm¿∞y߃s°√mwIqSn Aø∏∏Wn°¿ \¬Ip∂

t]cmWv Ipcpt£{Xw.14 [rXcmjv{ScpsS A‘Xbpw \n lmbXbpw

kzm¿∞Xbpw B[p- \ nIa\p- j y- \ nepw ktΩ- f n- ° p- ∂ p. ""PohnX

\ntj[a√ Ipcpt£{XØnse XXzimkv{Xw. PohnXØns‚
sshcp≤yßsf, AXns‚ kz]v\cpKvWXIsf ka{Kambn°mWm\pw

198
Ipcpt£{XIYm]m{XßfpsS A\p`hßsf kzIobam°m\pw'' 15

Aø∏∏Wn°¿°p Ignbp∂p.

_nw_-Ie
- v]\ Ipcp-t£-{X-Øn¬

`mhinev]tØmSp tN¿∂p\n¬°p∂ _nw_ßfmWv Ipcpt£{X

cN\bn¬ Ihn kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv . ""H‰Xncn™ `mhiIeßsf
{]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ kzX{¥_nw_Ißf√ Ipcpt£{XØn¬

{]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂Xv. A]q¿Æßfmb Ht´sd _nw_I߃ tN¿∂v

k¶o¿Æ`mh߃ hyRvPn∏n°p∂p.''16

Imhy-\n-b-{¥ILS-I-ambn Ipcp-t£-{X-Øn¬ BZy¥w {]Xy£

s∏Sp∂ Hcp _nw_-amWv "\£{Xw.'

"N{IhmfØn\∏pdw NqSpIƒ

sR´nh∂p ]nd∂ \£{Xta

\obpWcpI'17

F∂p≈ DW¿Øp]mt´mSpIqSnbmWv "Ipcpt£{Xw' Bcw`n°p∂Xv.

CtX \£{Xw IhnbpsS PohnXt{]aXmcIamWv. AXpt]mseXs∂

Ihn°p hocyw ]I¿∂p sImSp°p∂Xpw Cu \£{XamWv.
AXpsIm≠mWv

""\obdnbpt∂m hmb\°mcm

\odpsa∂p≈nse \£{Xhocyw''?18

F∂p Ihn tNmZn°p∂Xv.

""kv\nKv≤kq£vaamw ssIIm¬heIfm¬ ]p¬Ip∂ \·XmcI'fpw,

"hm\Øn¬\n∂p Xmcm´p ]mSp∂ XmcIfpw', "]p¬Iphm≥ Bbp∂

199
Ip™pXmcIfpw'

""Rm\dnbm In\mhpIƒ Im´nb˛

Rm≥ ]Tn°mØ `mj ]dbn®

Rm≥ sXmSmsØmcm kuµcykØbn˛

eosb\ns°mcp ]p{Xs\ \¬Inb'19

Xmchpw IhnXbnepS\ofw NnXdnsØfnbp∂p. A\p-kyqXw \S-

°p∂ Ipcp-t£-{X-bp-≤-ß-fpsS _o`-’-Zr-iy-߃ ImW-W-sa-¶n¬ \£-

{X- t \- { X- ß ƒ DW¿∂p {]h¿Øn- ° - W w. AXpsIm≠mWv \£{X

_nw_w Ipcpt£{XØn¬ kPohambn {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv.

"kz]v\w' Ipcpt£{XØn¬ ImWp∂ as‰mcp _nw_amWv.

""Fs‚ kz]v\Ønses°m®p ]qth

F¥mWn∂p \o Kuchw NqSm≥?

Fs‚ kz]v\Ønse∏m´pImcm

F¥mWn∂p \o k¶Sw ]p¬Im≥''20

F∂v t£aw At\zjn°ptºmgpw ""PohnX kz]v\taml\ncmiIƒ

X≥ \ng¬'' Ihna\ n¬ hyYbpW¿Øp∂Xmbn°mWmw.

""GtXm In\mhns‚ t\¿hgnsX‰n

t_m[{KlWØn≥ t\chpw sX‰n

NØ kz]v\ßsftbm¿aX≥ tImSn

Npddnhcns™m´pd°nbpdßn'' 21 F∂ Iev ] \ B[p\nI

a\pjys‚ h¿Øam\Ime Zpc¥Ønte°p shfn®w hoip∂p. "]s≠mcp

In\mhns‚ k¥Xnbmbn∏nd∂¥yktµiw \¬Inad™ hnizmk߃'

200
\jvSs∏´p Ign™ncn°p∂p. F¶nepw IhnbpsS a\ n¬ {]Xo£ _m°n

\n¬°p∂p. X´nbpW¿Ønbm¬ sR´nbpWcp∂ a\pjys\ DW¿Øm≥

Xs‚ D≈nse \£{XhocyØn\pIgnbpw F∂ ip`{]Xo£ Ihn°p≠v.
AXpsIm≠v

"{`m¥cmhpI \mapaXn\m¬ kz]v\߃ X≥

Im¥cmhpI IWnI≠Xn≥ t\´w hmßm≥'22

F∂p Ihn Blzm\w sNøp∂p. Cu ktµiw

""\ofs´ Imew hgn°hebv°ncp∂p \mw

ImWpI kz]v\w, Imew sImØnh®nSpw kz]v\w''23

F∂ hcnIfn¬ Bh¿Øn®pImWmw.

`mcXob_nw_ßtfmsSm∏w sshtZinI_nw_ßfpw Ipcpt£{X

Øn¬ ImWmw. cma≥, koX, cmhW≥, kp{Koh≥, hn`ojW≥ XpSßnb
]pcmW IYm]m{XßtfmsSm∏w, CUn-∏-kpw, _p≤-\pw, Km‘nbpw Ihn-
X-bn¬ ]cm-ar-jvS-cm-Ip-∂p. ""CUn-∏kv a\p-jys‚ At_m-[-amb hmk-\-

I-sfbpw C—m-Xo-X-amb FØn-s∏-S-ep-I-sfbpw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. _p≤\pw

Km‘nbpw XXz-Nn-¥-bv°-Xo-X-amb hy‡n-KX At\z-j-W-ß-fpsS {]Xo-
I-ß-fmbnØocp-∂p.''24

i. ""\∑ \nd™ adnbta \n\°p kzkvXn!

kv{XoIfn¬ hmgvØs∏´hƒ \otb!''

ii. ""I\Ø `nØn°Ita, ]≈nbn¬

IdpØ tfmlbn¬\n∂p ]ptcmlnX¿

IZ\w \odpw Icfn≥ Io¿t]m¬

201
 hnfdo hndbm¿s∂cnbpw XncnIƒ''

iii. ""Db¿∂ ]≈n°pcnin\p Iogn¬

XI¿∂ PohnXtcmZ\߃''

XpSßnb `mKßfn¬ ss__nƒ°Ym]m{Xßfpw, ]≈n°pcnipw

{]XoIhXvIcn°s∏Sp∂p.

"BfpXn°nØnc°ntbdp∂

XmWp N¥bXmsW≥ {]]©w''25

F∂p ]dbp∂ Ihn Cu {]]©sØ "N¥'sb∂ _nw_tØmSp

]cnIev ] n®ncn°p∂p. {Ibhn{Ibw \S°p∂ N¥bmWv B[p\nI

temIw. ChnsSbp≈hsc√mw hnev ] \®c°pIƒ am{XamWv F∂
{]kvXmhw B[p\nI ImeL´Øns‚ DujcX shfnhm°m≥ DXIp∂p.

"Hcp N¥bnse hnet]iepw ]ckv]cw {Kkn°m\p≈ {]hWX

bpamWv temIØn¬ ImWp∂Xv. AhnsS bmsXm∂n\pw ÿmbnbmb
aqeyan√. A¥ Øbv°p hne I¬∏n°s∏Sp∂n√. Ipd™hnebv°v

hmßm\pw IqSnbhnebv°v hn¬°m\pap≈ B¿ØnbmWv F√mbnSØpw.

Aßs\ "t£{Xw' t]mse ]cnip≤amtI≠ temIw am\pjnIaqey
߃°v hneI¬∏n°mØ N¥bmbn A[x]Xn®ncn°p∂p. ChnsSsbmcp

ip≤oIcWw A\nhmcyamWv. AXn\pth≠n

a{¥tamXnhc® Ifßfn¬

s\bvhnf°ns‚ ioXfZo]vXnbn¬

thZnbn¬\n∂pb¿∂pcpIp∂q

thZ\bpsS tcmZ\w, tIƒ°q:

202
 ip≤am°n ]Wn∏pc, PohnX˛

ikv{Xth[w XpS¿∂p ]eXcw.26

a{¥tamXn hc® If߃, ikv{Xth[w, XpSßnb _nw_I߃

kaqlØn¬ \St°≠ ip≤oIcWØnte°p shfn®w hoip∂p.

"]s≠mcp In\mhns‚ k¥Xnbmbn∏nd˛

∂¥yktµiw \¬In ad™ hnizmk߃

sIm™\w Im´pw IqIn hnfn°pw s]mXptbmKw

R™™]d™p sIm≠hkm\n∏n®oSpw'27

In\mhv, A¥yktµiw, sIm™\wIm´¬, Iq°nhnfn, R™™

]db¬, s]mXptbmKw F∂nh kzbw ]q¿Æßf√mØ _nw_Ißft{X.
F¶nepw AhbpsS ktΩf\w sIm≠v hy‡n]chpw kmaqlyhpamb
kz]v\`wKßfpsSbpw hnizmkØI¿®bpsSbpw Zpc¥^e߃ Ihn

\sΩ A\pkvacn∏n°p∂p F∂v sI. Fkv. \mcmbW]n≈ ]dbp∂p.28

"\mw ]pWcpw In\mhns‚ Znhy˛

\m`nbn¬ \mapbn¿s°m≈psa¶n¬'

F∂ {]XymitbmSp IqSnbmWv IhnX Ahkm\n°p∂Xv. B

\m`o]flw {]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂ H∂mWv. BkpcXbpsS D±mai‡nbn¬

k¿∆\miw sIm≈p∂ Hcp {]]©Øns‚ ]p\xkrjvSnbmWv ChnsS
kqNnXamIp∂Xv.

""BwK-e-I-hn-Xsb Cta-Pn-k-Øn-te°pw AXp-hgn \ho-\-X-bn-te°pw

\bn® Bib {]Im-i-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ ]eXpw t_m[-]q¿∆-am-bn-Øs∂
Ipcp-t£-{X-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xmbn kn. ]n. inh-Zm-k≥ ]d-

203
bp-∂p. Ipcp-t£-{Xw, \£-{Xw, Bfp-Xn-°n-Øn-c-°n-tb-dp∂ N¥, ]q°sf

]n≥h-en-°p∂ thcv, IÆ-S-bv°p∂ kwkvIm-cw, sXm´n-en¬ Xmt\ ibn-

°p∂ ih-߃, kz]v\-Ønse sIm®p-]qhv XpS-ßnb _nw_-߃ {]Xo-
Im-fl-I-aq-eyw XnI-™-Xm-Wv.29

kwKo-Xm-fl-I-amb ]Z-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°pI Cta-Pn-k-Øns‚ kmt¶-

XnIcoXn-bm-Wv.

Ccp-f-Wbpw ap≥]oWw ]mSn-˛

sØ-fnbpw \nav\Kk‘y-Iƒ t]m¬

CS-bnse \oe-°-◊-Wn-bn-S-dnb

sNdp-]m-hm-S-s∏-◊-Wn-Iƒ.... F∂p XpS-ßp∂ hcn-Iƒ Cu kwKo-

Xm-fl-I-Xbv° DZm-l-c-W-am-bn-∏-d-bmw.30

]c-º-cm-KX [mc-W-Isf sXm´p-W¿Øm≥ Ign-hp≈ Iev]-\-I-fn¬

\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn sshb-‡nI {]Xo-I-߃ Ihn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xmbn {]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿ \nco-£n-°p-∂p.31 {Inbm-km-Zriyw [z\n-∏n-°p∂
_nw_-I-ß-fpsS Hcp \o≠-\n-c-Xs∂ At±lw ImWn-°p-∂p. `mjm-LS\-

bn¬ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿ hcp-Ønb hyXn-bm-\-߃°p klm-b-I-ambn Cu

_nw_-ß-sf-°m-Wmw.

NqSp-Iƒ sR´n-h-∂p-]n-d-°pI

IÆp-I-Æo¿ IpSn-°p-I,

knc-Iƒ sN∂nWw IpSn-°p-I.

a÷-\p-W-™n-d-°p-I,

Aÿn-amSw sXmen-I-c-fp-I,

204
 thcp ]q°sf ]n≥h-en-°p-I,

aÆp]qØp \n¬°p-I,

a\p-jy-cpsS am¿Ø-S-߃ s]mXn®p ]¥m-Sp-I,

t\{Xw Iq¿∏n-°p-I,

kwkvImcw IÆ-S-bv°p-I,

In\m-hns‚ t\¿h-gn-sX-‰p-I,

NØ-kz-]v\-ßsf Hm¿Ω-X≥tImSn Np‰n-h-cn-bp-I,

ih-߃ hnf-™p-In-S-°p-I,

ae-Iƒ F√p¥n angn-°p-I,

sam´p-Iƒ s]m´n-ho¿°pI

F∂n-ßs\ {Inbm-km-Zriyw hln-°p∂ _nw_-I-߃ Ipcp-t£-

{X-Øn¬ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v.32

ssien

_nw_Iev]\bnse∂t]mse ssienbnepw ]pXpa Dƒs°m≈m≥

Ihn°p Ign™n´p≠v. Ir{XnaNaXvImcw C√mØ A¿∞\nthZ\Øn\p
XIp∂, ]cpjhpw AtXmsSm∏w efnXhpamb, `mthm±o]\ka¿∞amb

ssienbmWv Ihn kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv . `mhw \qX\amIptºmƒ

ssienbpw \qX\amIp∂p F∂Xn\p sXfnhmWv Ipcpt£{Xw.
"Ipcpt£{XØnse Hmtcm ]Zhpw Hmtcm kqNIamWv'33 F∂p sI.

k®nZm\µ≥ hnebncpØp∂p.

hyh-lm-c-`m-j-tbm-Sp≈ Hcp sh√p-hn-fn-bmWv Ipcp-t£-{X-ssien

F∂ A`n-{]m-b-°m-c-\mWv sI. Fkv. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈.34

205
 \oXn-°p-th≠n°c-™p-g-∂o-Sth

KoX-sNm-√n-t°-s´m-c¿÷p-\-\√ Rm≥''35

F∂n-ßs\ kc-f-amb ssien-bn¬ Hgp-Ip∂ Imhy-[mc

"{]iv\ßsf√mw K¿`Øn¬ am{Xw

{]khw Ign™m¬ ]pecp∂sXt¥m?

XØzimkv{X߃ tXSp∂ _p≤nIƒ

Np‰p]mSpw Xf¿∂p InS°th

Bcp thhn®p \¬Ipan∏pØ≥

thZhmIyw? ISpIp hdp°tWm?36

F∂nßs\ {Kmayssien kzoIcn°p∂p.

XnÆbnencp∂p ]√nfn°p∂p, sIm™\w Im´p∂p, D∏pt\m°p∂p

XpSßnb {KmaoW]Z߃ IhnXbn¬ CSbv°nSbv°p ImWmw.

\nc¿∞I]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS lmkyw krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Ihnbv°p

Ign-bp-∂p. DZmlcW߃ t\m°pI:

i ]®°n\mhpIƒ k¿hw adt∂m

]∏_v`]mSphm≥ IqS∂p \obpw37

ii PohnXØns‚ ss\k¿§nImfl˛
Km\sa√mw sRcn°p∂ `¿`¿38

iii s]mXptbmKw R™™ ]d™hkm\n∏n°pw

hrØw

`mham‰Øn∂\pkcWambn hrØhpw amdp∂ ImgvN Ipcpt£{X

Øns‚ khntijXbmWv.

206
 ""koXsb°m´n¬°fbtWm cmhW˛

cmPs‚ tNmc IpSnbv°tWm e¶Iƒ

kp{Koh\mcp, hn`ojW\mcnXn¬?

k¬°¿asa√mw hknjvT≥ ]dbptam?39

F∂ aq∂mw`mKw ImIfnhrØ-Øn-emWv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{`m¥-cm-hpI \map, aXn-\m¬ kz]v\-߃ X≥

Im¥-cm-hpI IWn-I-≠-Xn¬ t\´w hmßm≥

]mX-sh-´ptam \Ωƒ, \ΩpsS ssIbm¬? IÆm¬

]mZ-߃ t\sc hgn I≠p-t]m-Is´ ap∂n¬.....40

Cu hcn-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ \memw`mK-Ønse hrØw tII-bm-Wv.

hrØ-`wKw, «Y-Xmfw F∂n-hbv°p [mcmfw DZm-l-c-W-߃ Ipcp-

t£-{X-Øn¬°m-Wmw.

i. Cf-sh-bvsem-fn-bm-en-W-ßn-∏p-©ncn

s]mgnbpw s]m∂n≥ ]pe-cn-Iƒ t]m¬

Ccp-hgn ]n∂nb Xe-apSn aqSnb

Ipcp∂p ss]X-߃,

Ccp-f-Wbpw ap≥]oWw ]mSn˛

sØfnbpw \nav\-K-k-‘y-Iƒ t]m¬

CS-bnsS \oe-°-◊-Wn-bn-S-dn-b,

sNdp-]m-hm-S-s∏-◊-Wn-Iƒ....41

ii. \ofp-am-Imi hnim-e-X-bn-¶¬

207
 \odpw Ime-Øn-\-Km-[-X-bn-¶¬

aÆn≥ NqtS‰p thcp-Iƒ s]m´n˛

°p™p-]£n ape \pW-bp-tºmƒ

F≥ ktµiw Ipdn-°p-∂ ZrjvSn-Iƒ

\n≥ kl-`mhw s]mgn-bp∂ civan-Iƒ

HØp-tN¿s∂mco cmK-{]-]©w

sam´mbv ]qØp ^e-߃ hnØm-Ipw42

iii. AWn-™p-tfml, `nj-Kz-c-hr-µ˛

aW™p \gvkp-Iƒ I\y-I-am¿

DW¿∂p sNbvsXmcp ]m]-ß-sf√mw

ad-™-a¿∂pt]mw a´n¬....43

iv. Db¿∂p ]≈n-°p-cn-in\p Iogn¬

XI¿∂ Pohn-X-tcm-Z-\-߃.

\∑-\n-d™ adn-bta \n\°p kzkvXn!

kv{XoI-fn¬ hmgvØ-s∏-´-hƒ \otb!44

v. I\-Ø-`n-Øn-°-Ita, ]≈n-bn¬

Idp-Ø-tfm-l-bn¬ \n∂p ]ptcm-ln-X¿

IZ\w \odpw Ic-fn≥Io¿ t]m¬,

hnfdo hnd-bm¿s∂-cnbpw Xncn-Iƒ.....45

208
]tcm-£k
- q-N\
- I
- ƒ (Allusions)

k]vX-`q-J-fi-a-fiew k¿hw

kp]vXn-Zpx-kz-]v\-am-bn-°n-Ss°

a¿Øy-h¿§-hn-jm-Z-apƒs°m≠p

h¿≤-bn¬ Rm≥ X]- n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

im¥n-tX-Sn-\-h-J-en-{Km-a˛

hoYn-bn¬ Rm\-en-™n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

F¥p-sNm-√n-\o-sb-t∂mSp temI˛

\∑-Xn-∑-hy-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n?46

ChnsS Km‘n-Pn-bpw, h¿≤-bpw, \h-J-enbpw ]tcm£kqN-\-I-fm-

Ip-∂p. cmPy-X-{¥-hpw, Ncn-{Xhpw AXn\p \nan-Ø-am-Ip-∂p. Ipcpt£{Xw

aebmfIhnXbnse Hcp hgnØncnhpIpdn°p∂p. PohnXsØ bm{¥nIhpw
PUnIhpam°p∂ s]m≈kn≤m¥ßfpsS t\scbpff {]Xntj[w

Ipcpt£{XØnep≠v. Z¿i\]chpw `mjm]chpamb khntijXIƒ

Ipcpt£{XsØ ]q¿∆IhnXIfn¬\n∂pw hyXncn‡am°p∂p.

""AΩX∂InSpt]mem apKv≤ k¶ev]߃

]n∂nb temIw \sΩbmI¿jns®Sp°ptºmƒ

kvt\ln°m≥ ]Tn∏n® ZmlØm¬ acn°man˛

÷ohnX kwKoXØn≥ Xmbvthcp ]nSbptºmƒ''47

F∂ PohnXZ¿i\w `mcXobkwkvIrXnbn¬\n∂v Dcphw

209
sIm≠XmWv . hymk`mcXØn¬ Bhnjv I rXamb Ipcpt£{Xw

Xo{hamb Hcp A\p`hambn Ihna\ n¬ thtcmSnbXns‚ ^eambn

h¿Øam\Ime PohnXbmYm¿∞y߃°v At±lw "Ipcpt£{Xw' F∂p
t]cn´p.

{]Xy£Øn¬ _‘ans√∂p tXm∂n∏n°p∂ «YNn{X߃

Ipcpt£{XØns‚ `mhinev ] sØ khntijam°p∂p. D]cnπh
_‘tØ°mƒ A\p`qXn°v {]m[m\yw \¬Iphm\mWv Ihn

{ian®ncn°p∂Xv. Imhym\p`qXn°p cq]w\¬Inb PohnXm\p`qXnIsf

]p\cmhnjvIcn°p∂p. Cu A\p`qXn A\phmNIcnte°v ]Icp∂Xn\p
th≠n {]Xy£ambn tN¿®bn√mØ Zriyßfpw A\p`hßfpw Ie¿∂

PohnXsØ Nn{XoIcn°p∂p.

Aø- ∏ - ∏ - W n- ° - c psS "Ipcp- t £{Xw' hni- Z - ] - T - \ - Ø n\p hnt[- b -

ambnØo¿∂ Hcp Ihn-X-bm-Wv. Xan-gv, lnµn, {^©v, kv]m\n-jv, Cw•ojv

F∂o `mj-I-fn-te°v CXp hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ipcp-t£-{X-]-T-\-

߃ am{X-ambn Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000 F∂ Hcp ]pkvX-Ihpw ]pd-Øn-d-°n.
]T\w \S-Øn-b-h¿ ]ecpw `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu IhnX GIm-

{Ktam GI-ap-Jtam A√ F∂-XmWv CXn\p Imc-Ww. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

Hcp cq]-Øn-e-√m-sX, Hcp GIm-{K-`m-h-Ko-X-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Cu IhnX
kw`-hn-°p-I-bn-√. CXns‚ k¶o¿Æ-amb cq]-inev]w `mh-k-¶o¿Æ-X-

sb-bmWv {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

210
 `mKw˛2

]pXp-cq-]-߃
Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cpsS Nne "Akw-_-‘-'I-hn-X-I-fmWv ]pXpcq]ßfn¬

hni-I-e\hnt[bam°p∂-Xv. Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]q¿∆-[m-c-W-Iƒ Xncp-

Øn-°p-dn-°m-\p-X-Ip-∂-h-bmWv Cu Ihn-X-Iƒ. Im¿´q¨I-hn-X-Iƒ, Ip´-
\m-S≥Zriy-߃, alm-cm-P-I-Y-Iƒ, IpXn-c-s°m-ºv F∂o Ihn-X-I-fpsS

A]-{K-Y-\-amWv ChnsS \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

Im¿´q¨IhnXIƒ

""]mcºcyßfpsStbm kaImenIkw`hßfpsStbm t\¿°p≈

_lpP\m`n{]mbw \ninXamIp∂Xn\pth≠n hcbv°p∂ ]cnlmk
Nn{XØn\mWv Im¿´q¨ F∂p ]dbp∂Xv.48 Imcnt°®dpw Im¿´qWpw

XΩnep≈ hyXymkw, BZytØXv hy‡nIsf kw_‘n°p∂hbpw

c≠matØXv kwLßsfbpw AhbpsS {]tXyIXIsfbpw Nn{XoIcn
°p∂hbpw BsW∂p≈XmWv. BZyImeIemImc∑m¿ Imcnt°®dp

Iƒ°v cq]w\¬Inbt∏mƒ km[mcW°mcs‚ `mh\mhnemkambncp∂p

Im¿´q¨Nn{X߃. tkz—m[n]XyØn\pw AgnaXn°pw A[x]X\Øn\pw
FXncmbn i_vZapb¿Øp∂Xn\p≈ G‰hpw \√D]m[nbmWv

Im¿´q¨.''49 ""A\m[p\nIw, B[p\nIw, B[p\ntImØcw F∂nXymZn

211
A`n\hKp]v X NSnX߃°nSbn¬ B[p\nIsk‚ nsa‚enksa∂v

t]scm∏n°mhp∂ Hcp ]nØ°qdv \ΩpsSIhnXsb _m[n®t∏mƒ

AXns\mcp ap°nSnNnIn’°mbn h∂XmWv Im¿´q¨IhnXIƒ''50 F∂v
Un. hn\bN{µ≥ ]dbp∂p. ""PohnXØnse sFdWnIƒ Nq≠n°m´n

hna¿in°pIbmWv Im¿´q¨IhnXIfn¬ ]eXnepw.''51 sFd-Wnsb ]cn-

lm-km-flIhna¿i\am≤y-aw F∂ \nebn¬ Im¿´q¨ Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS
Aø∏∏-Wn-°¿ AhXcn∏n®p. ASnb¥cmhÿ°meØv Im¿´q¨IhnXm

{]ÿm\Øn\v i‡n]I¿∂ IhnbmWv Aø∏∏Wn°¿.

]m‰, tamjWw, ISp°, X¶®≥, kamNmcw, tdmknen XpSßnbh

bmWv Aø∏∏Wn°¿ FgpXnb Im¿´q¨IhnXIƒ.

ASnb¥cmhÿbvs°Xnsc At±lw FgpXnb cmjv{Sobhna¿i\

IhnXIfn¬ {it≤bamWv ISp°. A`n{]mbkzmX{¥ywt]mepw \ntj[n
®ncp∂ ASnb¥cmhÿbvs°Xnscbp≈ i‡amb hna¿i\amWv CXv.

GIm[n]Xy{]hWXtbmsS P\ßsfs°m≠p ISp°m°jmbw IpSn∏n

°pIbpw Ahsc \njv{Inbcm°pIbpw sNbvX A[nImch¿§Øns‚
{]XoIamWv IhnXbnse "AΩ®n'. ap≥Iqdmbn hnt[bXzw G‰p]dbp∂

HcmfmWv CXnse h‡mhv.

ISn®t√ ]nSn®t√ ISp∏w Im´t√

ISp° Rm≥ IpSnt®mfmw AΩ®obm˛

°Sp° Rm≥ IpSnt®°mw.

Ibns∏∂pw ]tdØn√ Ih¿s∏∂pw ]tdØn√
ISp° Rm≥ IpSnt®°mw s]m∂Ω®o Cu

ISp° Rm≥ ]nSnt®mfmw.

212
 F∂p ]dbp∂ Abmƒ

C°Sp°sb√mw IpSn˛

s®mSp°w sNSn®p \ns‚

IgpØn¬ IpSp°nSpw Rm≥ AΩ®o'

F∂v tcmjw sIm≈p-∂Xv Bt£-]l

- m-ky-Øns‚ tasºmSn tN¿Øv
Ihn ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p. e£WsamØv Hcp AenKdnbmWv ISp°.52

ASnb¥cmhÿ F∂ h¿WysØ ad®v ISp° F∂ Ah¿WysØ

BhnjvIcn°pIbmWv Ihn.

]®°Sp°, sh≈°Sp°, sNº≥ISp°,

ISp°tØmSnSn®p Ijmbam°n

IgpØn¬°qSnd°ptºmƒ

F∂ hcnIfn¬ Xmfw Hgnhm°nbncn°p∂p.

""tImSn°W°nep≈ P\Xsb sIm®pIp™pßsfsb∂t]mse

thZ\bpsS ISp° IpSn∏n°p∂ {]{InbbpsS \nc¿∞IXsb ]cnl

kn°p∂ ISp°, c≠pe£w Aap°p∂ "tamjWw' Bcm[yambpw

c≠W RcSp∂ "I°¬' \nµyambpw IcpXp∂ IgpXbmb _lpP\
tØmSv kz¥w Bhiy߃°pw kpJ߃°pw kuIcy߃°pw "am{X'

ambn tamjvSmhmbnØo¿∂ tamjvSm°sf Ifnbm°p∂ tamjWw, F¥p

h∂mepw "Fs¥√mw kamNmcw F√mw \ap°p Nmcw' F∂v Aew`mhw
sIm≈p∂ _lpP\sØ Ifnbm°p∂ "kamNmcw' apXemb IhnXIƒ

sFdWnIfn¬\n∂v Bt£]lmkyw cq]wsIm≈p∂Xn\v DØa

\nZ¿i\ßfmWv.53

213
 ]Wn-°-cpsS Im¿´q¨Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Gsd {i≤-]n-Sn®p ]‰nb H∂mWv

tamj-Ww.

"shdp-samcp tamjvSm-hm-tbm-scs∂

I≈-s\∂p hnfn-®n-t√, Xm≥

I≈-s\∂p hnfn-®nt√?

XpWn tamjvSn-®Xp ImWp-∂-h-cpsS

\mWw Im°m-\m-bn-cp-∂-t√m-˛-A-h-cpsS

\mWw Im°m-\m-bn-cp-∂t√m

tImgnb tamjvSn-s®-¶n-e-tX, AXv

s]mcn®p Xn∂m-\m-bn-cp-∂-t√m....

]ip-hns\ tamjvSn-s®-¶n-e-Xpw-˛-F-\n°p

]mep IpSn-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂-t√m.....

tImgn-bn-d®ow ]ip-hn≥]mepw

sshZy≥t]mepw hne-°n-bn-√-t√m-˛-Fs‚

sshZy≥t]mepw hne-°n-bn-√-t√m.

\√Xpw ht√mw tamjvSn-®m-ep-S-t\-˛-A-h-t\-˛-sh-dptX

I≈-\m°pw \nßsS N´w.54

kam-\m¿∞-tZym-X-I-ß-fmb ]Z-ß-fmWv tamjvSm-hv, I≈≥ F∂nh.

D®m-c-W-Øn-eqsS Chbv°v A¿∞-hy-Xymkw hcp-Øp-hm≥ Ihn°p Ign-

bp-∂p. Cu A¿∞-hy-Xym-k-Øn-eqsS Ipdn°psIm≈p∂ ]cn-lm-k-ap-
Xn¿°p-hm\pw Ihn {ian-°p-∂p. tImSn-Iƒ Ioi-bn-em-°p∂ s]cpw-I-≈-

∑m¿°p-ap-ºn¬ XpWntbm tImgntbm tamjvSn-°p-∂Xv F{X \n m-cw.

214
I≈-∑m¿ kpJ-ambn hmgp∂ Cu hyh-ÿnXn amdntb ]‰q F∂v Ihn

Ic-pXp-∂p.

am‰pI am‰pI N´-ß-sf-bh

am‰pw \nß-sf-b-s√-¶n¬55

F∂ ap∂dnbn∏p \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂p.

`bw F∂ at\m`mhsØ ]cnlkn®p sIms≠gpXnb IhnXbmWv

X¶®≥. X¶®\p agsbbpw s]Æns\bpw acWsØbpw t]SnbmWv.

i. "ag\\™m¬ IpfncnfIpw

IpfncnfIn ]\n ]nSn°pw

]\n ]nSn®m¬ t]bnfIpw

t]bnfIn°en Xp≈pw''

ii. "s]sÆ∂m¬ ]niImtW

s]m∂pI≠mem¿ØnbmtW

]mºns‚ hnjamtW

]m]ap¥ncnbmtW'

"kamNmchpw BNmchpsa√mw NmcØnsemgpIp∂ kaImeo\

C¥y≥P\XbpsS cmjv{SobZpc¥sØ ]cnlkn°p∂ IhnXbmWv
"kamNmcw'. B[p\nIa\pjy\v \s´√p thWtam? "\s´√pIfpw as‰√p

Ifpw Ct´®p IS°tWm, AtXm Ahsbm´n®p InS°tWm' F∂ {]iv\

amWv Ihnsb Ae´p∂Xv.56 "F√n√m∏n≈'Iƒ Pohn-°p∂ B[p\nI
ImeØv F√p≈Xp `mcamsW∂v Ihn ]dbp∂p.

215
 apSntb≠pw ImeØnßs\ aqtSmsS apSnbWtam I¿Ømsh apgp˛

°pSnbm\h\mWh\mWh≥ Ah\n√m cmhpw ]Iepw

Ah\n√m ]pecnbpa¥nbp, ah\ps≠mcp ISn]nSn sImSpIpSn

Ah\mbnsØßpw ]\bpw Xe\ndsb∏X ]Xbpt∂.

ssIhoin°m‰p ]nf¿∂n´Xn\p≈n¬ X≈nØp≈n˛

°m¬h´w ]Xdn®nXdo´h\ßs\ t]mIpt∂cw,

]Ien∂p shfn®w t]mcm cm{Xn°p Idp∏pw t]mcm

hgnsbms°bnSpßnt∏mbo hmXnepIƒ hepXmbpwt]mbv.

apXpthen∏m∏®s‚ sNdpaIfmb tdmknen°v apXph≥Ipfßc

\n∂p h∂ aWhmfs‚ kzm`mhhntijßfmWv h¿Æn®ncn°p∂Xv.

aZy]m\nbmb Abmƒ ]WnsbSp°msX, s]Æns\ t\m°m≥

]Wan√msX Pohn°p∂p.- c
- mhpw ]Iep-an-√m-sX, ]pe-cn-bp-a¥
- nbpw C√msX
IpSn-am{Xw icWam-°n-bn-´p-≈-h¿ kaq-l-Øn\v im]-amWv. kmaqlnIamb

]cpj]cnlmkw sXfnbn°p∂ IhnXbmWv tdmknen.

apXpthen∏m∏®s‚

aIƒ s]‰ tdmknen°v

apXph≥Ipfßc \ns∂mcp

aWhmf≥ ht∂bv

F∂nSØv BZyhcn, D∂X, c≠mwhcnbn¬ D∂Xbv°p hrØt`Zw

h∂ncn°p∂p.

B[p\nIIhnX kmaqlntIm∑pJambnØocp∂Xn\p ZrjvSm¥amWv

Im¿´q¨IhnXIƒ.

216
Ip´\mS≥Zriy߃

{KmaoWPohnXØns‚ Poh≥XpSnbv°p∂ Nn{XßfmWv Ip´\mS≥

ZriyßfneqsS Ihn A\p`hthZyam°p∂Xv. GgpJfißfp≈ Hcp

ImhyamWv CXv . IhnbpsS kv a rXnafieØn¬ kPohambn \ne

\n¬°p∂ Nn{XßfmWv Chsb√mw. ]cºcmKXamb IY]d®nens‚
coXnbnemWv ChbpsS AhXcWw.

"\me©m≠pIƒ apsºmcp k‘ybn˛

tetXm amhp Xfn¿ØXp Im¨sI

s]m∂n≥ XfnI IWs°∏qhpS¬

sX∂nsØ∂nt°mƒabn¿NqSnb'

"NncpX'bmWv Ip´\mS≥Zriyßfnse H∂masØ°hnX. Xs‚

ImapI\mb taml\N{µIpamc\p Iq´mbn ku`mKyhXnbpw kuioey

hXnbpamb Hcp tamln\n h∂Xdn™v Ip™n®ncpX Ic™p.

BImißfnSn™n√. Aºnfn Ic™pan√. ap√∏qhpIƒ I√mbXpan√.
]hn{XamWp {]Wbw F∂ hnizmksØ ]cnlkn°p∂ IhnXbmWv

NncpX.

adnbt®SØnbpw, Ip™n∏pebp\pw, kmhn{Xnbpw, ]iphpw,

HcpØ\pw, D’h°mgvNIfpw, Ip´\mS≥Zriyßfnse a‰p ImgvNIfmWv.

Zp¿Ωm¿§NmcnWnbmb `mcytbmSv

"Ictf \nsbs∂°qsS

IW°nepƒs°m≈nt®mtW

F∂p ]dbp∂ Ip™n∏peb≥, inYneZmºXyØns‚ IY ]dbp∂

217
kmhn{Xn, \m´pºpdsØ D’h°mgvNIƒ BhnjvIcn°p∂ D’hw,

arXyph∂p bm{XsNm√nt∏mIpt∂cpw s]m´n®ncn°p∂ apØn∏ip,

A\]XyXmZpxJa\p`hn°p∂ HcpØ\pw HcpØnbpw XpSßnbh
Ip´\mS≥ Zriyßfn¬ NneXmWv. "\∑Ifm¬ kar≤amb \m´n≥]pdw'

C∂v \Kch¬°cWØns‚ ^eambn \cIXpeyambn amdnbncn°p∂p.

\mKcnIX a\pjy_‘ßfn¬ hcpØnb \n»q\yX Cu «YNn{X
ßfneqsS Ihn BhnjvIcn°p∂p.

Aø∏Wn°cpsS Imhycq]]co£W߃°v "Ip´\mS≥Zriy߃

km£yw hln°p∂p.

IÆp XpSbv°m≥ Xqhmebpambv

sXßpIƒ \n∂p Ict™m?˛C√m

BImißfnSnt™m?˛C√m

Aºnfn \n∂p Ict™m?-˛C√m (NncpX)

F∂ `mKw tNmtZymØccoXn Bh¿Øn°p∂ XcØnep≈

BhnjvIcWcoXn°pw

taSsa√mw Ign™t∏mƒ

tImSh∂p adn™t∏mƒ

\oeam\w Ic™t∏mƒ

\odn Ip™n∏peb\p≈w.

F∂ hcnIƒ hmIyh{IXbv°pw DZmlcWamWv.

]pdØp ISs°s‚

ho´o∂p sX≠ns∏tÆ!

218
 "tNXap≠n\n Ipsd,

t∏mIphm≥, Xm\n∂se

IqSnb ÿetØ°p

t]mtb®m¬ aXn thKw.'

"\ns‚˛Rm≥ ]td∂n√,

an≠mXncpt∂m, ]ns∂

X¥bv°p ]dbpw Rm≥,'

"\n\°n√t√m X¥!'

amtfmcp \n¬°p∂t√¬˛

F∂n´pw sXdnh∂q,

amtfmcp hmbnt°W˛

aXn\m¬®pcp°pt∂≥.
...............................................

...............................................
\ns∂s°m≠hƒs°m´pw

t]mscSm sNdp∏Øn¬

\ns∂t∏mes©´msf

s°m≠hft√ s]Æv! (kmhn{Xn)

i¶phns‚bpw kmhn{XnbpsSbpw Ielw {Kmay`mjbpsS X\na

shfnhm°p∂p.

\mtSmSn`mjbpsS ]cpjambXmfw kzoIcn®pw A\phmNIs\

\Sp°p∂hn[Øn¬ hm°pIƒ D]tbmKn®pw {Iqcamb HcpXcw

219
^enXt_m[Øns‚ kzcw Ie¿Ønbpw IhnXbpsS t_m[afieØn¬

hensbmcp Agn®p]Wn \SØnbXns‚ kvamcIßfmWv Ip´\mS≥

Zriy߃.57 «YhrØßfpw \mtSmSnØmfhpw Ip´\mS≥ZriyßfpsS
cq]sØ hyXncn‡am°p∂p. PohnXØns‚ s]mcpfdn™

hnIethZm¥nbpsS IdpØ]cnlmkw Ip´\mS≥Zriy߃apX¬

Im¿´q¨IhnXIƒhsc hyXykvX cq]`mhßfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂p.

alm-cm-P-I-Y-Iƒ

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ i‡n-£-b-hpw, ASn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ-bpsS Xn‡-

^-e-ßfpw IqSn-t®¿∂v cq]wsImSpØ cmjv{So-tbm-]-lm-k-amWv alm-cm-

P-I-Y-Iƒ. BdpIhn-X-I-fpƒs∏´ alm-cm-P-I-Y-I-fn¬ cs≠Æw icn-bmb

KZy-Ønepw \mseÆw KZy-I-hn-Xm-cq-]-Øn-ep-amWv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
D]-cn-πh
- a
- mb lmky-Øn-eqsS ka-Im-eo\ kmaq-lnIhyh-ÿn-Xn-If
- n-te°v

hnc¬ Nq≠p-hm\p≈ {ia-amWv Cu Ihn-X-I-fn-eqsS Ihn \S-Øn-bn-cn°p-

∂-Xv.

GIm-[n-]-Xy-sa∂ BtKm-f-{]-Xn-`m-k-hpw, AXns‚ Xn‡-^-e-a-\p-`-

hn-°p∂ km[m-cWP\-ß-sf∂ Igp-X-Ifpw F√m Ime-L-´-Øn\pw _m[-

I-am-Wv. ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂-h\pw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw F∂v c≠phn`m-
K-߃ F∂p-ap-≠v. a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy-Xz-Øn-\p-amWv F√m ImeØpw

hne-bn-√msXbmIp-∂-Xv. aeoakamb cmjv{SobØns‚ AIØfßsf

cq£hnNmcWbv°v hnt[bam°p∂p.

"alm-cm-Pmhpw hb-dn-f-°hpw' F∂ IY-bn-eqsS Cu Ihn-X-I-fpsS

H´m-sI-bp≈ {]tXy-IX a\- n-em-°mw. alm-cm-Pm-hn\v AXn-kmcw ]nSn-
s]-´p. CXmWv IY-bnse ImX-emb hnj-bw. X°-Xmb Hcp \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-

220
°m≥ a{¥n-]pw-K-h\v B⁄ h∂p. a{¥n-bn¬\n∂p lcn-°m-c≥ hgn

tk\m-\m-b-I-\n-eqsS B B⁄ `S-∑m-cn¬ FØn. ZqX≥ `nj-Kz-cs\

Is≠-Øn. BNm-c-hn[n apS-°m-\m-hm-ØXpsIm≠v cmPm-hn\v sshZy-k-
a£w FØm-\m-hp-∂n-√. cmPm-hn\p ]Icw ZqXs\ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p.

alm-cm-Pm-hn-\m-b-Xp-sIm≠v hne IqSnb acp∂pw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. acp∂pw

sIm≠v ZqX≥ sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. `S-∑m¿ acp∂p tk\m-\m-b-Is\
G¬∏n- ° p- ∂ p. tk\m- \ m- b - I ≥ a{¥n- ] pw- K - h s\ Gev ] n- ° p- ∂ p.

Akzmÿywaqew kZ- n-se-ØmØ cmPm-hn\p ]Icw a{¥n-Xs∂ acp∂p

Ign-°p-∂p. ]t£ At∏m-tgbv°pw Aar-tXØpaqew cmPmhv Aa-c-\m-bn-
°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.

`c-W-Øns‚ \qem-am-e-I-fpw, Nph-∏p-\m-S-bn¬°pSpßn ]cm-P-b-s∏-

Sp∂ `c- W - X - { ¥- ß fpw Cu IY- b n- e qsS ]Wn- ° ¿ Xpd∂pIm´p- ∂ p.
At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xp {i≤n-°pI: ""Xam-i-Ifpw lmky-Nn-{X-ßfpw hnUvVn-

Ø-ßfpw Bkzm-Z-\-am¿§-߃ am{X-a-√, Imcy-߃ Xpd-∂p-Im-´m-\p≈

aq¿®-bp≈ Bbp-[-ß-fp-am-Wv.''58

alm-cm-Pm-hn\v hb-dn-f°w h∂-t∏m-gmWv cmPy-amsI Hc-kzmÿyw

A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv F∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bn-eqsS IhnX Bcw-`n-bv°p-∂p. Cu

hcn-I-fnse ]Z-tbm-P\ {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hb-dn-f°w
h∂-t∏m-gmWv F∂-Xnse h∂-t∏m-gmWv t\m°p-I. AXp-hsc cmPyØv

Akz-mÿy-sam-∂p-an-√m-bn-cpt∂m? cmPm-hns‚ hb-dn-f-°-amtWm G‰hpw

henb Akz-ÿ-Xbv°p ImcWw Fs∂ms° hmb-\-°m-cs‚ a\- n¬
tXm∂-ep-f-hm-°p∂ Cu {]tbmKw Ihn t_m[-]q¿∆w Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-

Xm-hmw.

221
 a{¥n-bn¬ \n∂v

lcn-°m-c≥ hgn
tk\m-\m-b-I-\n-eqsS
`S-∑m-cnepw
Ah¿ hgn

\mSm-sI-Øn-c™p \S-°p∂
ZqX-\nepw

F∂n-SsØ ]Z-hn-\ym-k-{Iaw {i≤n-°p-I. Hcp Xocp-am\w ]e-cn-eqsS

ssIa-dn™v \njv^-e-Xz-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cp∂ ImgvN Cu hn\ym-k-{I-a-Øn-

eqsS Z¿in- ° mw. `c- W - { I- a - Ø ns‚ \yq\- X - b mWv CXn\v Imc- W w.
cmjv{Sobkwhn-[m\w Zpcp-]t- bm-Ks
- ∏-Sp-ØpIhgn Df-hm-Ip∂ Zpc¥ Im¿°-

iy-Øn-te°v shfn®w hoim-\p≈ {ia-amWv ]Wn-°¿ Cu Ihn-X-bn-

eqsS \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

`cWh¿§-Øns‚ C—-bvs°mØp \nb-a-߃ am‰n-a-dn-bv°p-∂-Xn\p

sXfn-hmWv "alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ hnZym-`ym-kw'. hn⁄-m\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\p≈

{][m\XS w Poh-\n-√mØ A[n-I-∏-‰p-I-fmb A£-c-ß-fm-Wv F∂p
cmPmhp Icp-Xp-∂p. CXp tIƒ°mØ Xma-kw, A°m-Zan A£-c-߃

Ipd-°m-\p≈ Kth-j-W-ß-fm-cw-`n-°p-∂p. \nb-a-ßsf hf-s®m-Sn-bv°p∂

cmjv{S-X-{¥-Øns‚ ImenI{]k-‡n-bmWp Ihn e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.

Ir{Xn-a-hm-ep-I-fpsS Bh-iy-I-X-bpw, hmep-’-h-ß-fpw, hm¬a-’-c-

ßfpw a‰pw AS-ßp∂ "cmP-Ip-am-cs‚ hm¬' F∂ IhnX kaImenI
PohnXØnse {]IS\]cXtbmsSm∏w A∂∂p Im◊-Xns\ hmgvØp∂

at\m`mhØns\Xnsc-bp≈ cq£-hn-a¿i\w IqSn-bm-Wv.

222
 "almcmPmhn¬\n∂v F´pImen ]Tn® ]mTw', F´pImenbn¬\n∂p

cmPmhp ]Tn®]mTØns‚ ]tcm£kqN\bmWp \¬Ip∂Xv.

a{¥n]pwKh≥, `njKzc≥, BchnsS, AartXØv XpSßnb
{]tbmKßfneqsS \¿Ωw krjvSn°phm≥ ]Wn°¿°p Ignbp∂p.

IpXn-cs
- °mºv

A´bv°p IÆn-√, IpXn-cbv°p sImºn√ F∂ Hcp \mS≥ sNm√p-

≠v. C√mØ IpXn-c-s°mºp tXSn \S-°p∂ kqX-Ip-am-cs‚ IY-bmWv

CXv.

"IY-]-d-bmw, Hcp IY ]dbmw

IY-bn-ep-ap-s≠mcp IY, bpƒ°-Y, bXp

]d-bm-amcpw t]mI-cp-tX'

F∂ a´n¬ A\p-hm-N-I-{i≤ ]nSn-®p-]‰pwhn[w \mS-Io-b-amWp IpXn-

c-s°m-ºns‚ Bcw-`w. kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-ß-fnse "kq{X-[m-cs‚ coXn-bn-
emW-v' h‡mhv IhnX Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.59

Fßpw sImºp-Iƒ ImWm™v Ae-dp-Ibpw hnf-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂

kqXIpam-c≥ temI-sØ-hn-sSbpw In´mØ sImºp-Iƒ kzbw krjvSn-
s®-Sp-°p-∂p.

CØcw IY-Iƒ "IY-bn-√m-bva-'I-fm-sW∂p ]d™p \S-°p-∂-h-cp≠v

F∂mWv h‡m-hns‚ hnh-£. hmSn-b- ]q-°-tfm-S√, sam´p-I-tfm-SmWp

C\nbpw IY ]d-tb-≠Xv F∂ t_m[-{K-l-W-tØmsS h‡mhv IhnX

Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.60

Nßm-Xn-®n-cn-bq-dn-sbm-en-s®mcp Nmb-°-S, Nmcm-b-Øn≥ sXdn-ho-Yn-

223
Iƒ XpS-ßnb ]Z-ß-fpsS {]tbm-Kw, Ad-_n-°p-Xn-c, ]®-°p-Xn-c, amb-

°p-Xn-c, ioe-°p-S-bpsS IpXnc XpSßn {]mk-tZym-X-I-amb ]Z-ß-fpsS

Bh¿Ø\w Ch-sb√mw Ihn-X-bpsS cq]-L-S-\sb \nb-{¥n-°p∂p.

IpXn-c-s°mºv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Hcp tIma-Un-bm-Wv. ChnsS

lmkyw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv hne-£-W-amtbm hnI-e-amtbm Iq´p-

tN¿°-s∏´ LS-I-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. IpXn-c-s°mºv F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ CXn-
\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ChnsS shdpw tIma-Un-b-√, B[p-\nIkmln-Xy-Øn¬

]e-t∏mgpw ImWm-dp≈ IdpØlmky-amWv ImWm-\m-hp-∂-Xv. kqX-Ip-

am-cs‚ Akw-_-‘-]q¿Æ-amb At\z-jWw Hcp Iq´w lmky-_nw-_-ß-
fn-eq-sS-bmWv apt∂m´p \oßp-∂-Xv.61

IhnX°f߃

]IepIƒ cm{XnIƒ, ChnsS PohnXw, ]mt Pv Sp Atacn° F∂o

IhnXIfmWv IhnX°fØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. \njvIr„m¿∞

Iamb {]taba√ Cu IhnXIfn¬ hnIkn∏ns®SpØncn°p∂Xv .
k¶o¿Æamb Bibßsf Hcp sImfmjnse∂t]mse kwLmS\w

sNbvXncn°p∂p. Htc kabw kzbw ]q¿Æhpw AtXmsSm∏w ]ckv]c

_≤hpamWv Chbnse Hmtcm Jfihpw.

Ubdn°pdn∏pIfpsS cq]ØnsegpXnb ]IepIƒ cm{XnIƒ F∂

IhnXbn¬ Ccp]Ønsbm∂p Jfißfp≠v. sk]vXw_¿ \mep apX¬
\hw_¿ HºXp hscbp≈ ZnhkßfmWv Cu Jfi߃°v B[mcw

Nne Jfi߃ Zo¿LßfmWv; NneXp {lkzßfpw.

224
 "\cbpw hm¿≤Iyhpw

a{¥n∏sXt¥ XΩn¬?

\ap°o a\pjys\

sRcn°mw, sR°ns°m√mw'

F∂ CucSnbmWv F´mwJfiw. Bdv, ]{¥≠v, ]Xn\mev F∂o

Jfi߃ NXpjv]ZnIfmWv.

"k‘y' Cu IhnXbneqS\ofw \nd™p\n¬°p∂ Hcp _nw_I

amWv. "k‘y {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ `mhØns‚ k¿hmXnimbnbmb
{]`mhsØ' hnImckm{µambn Nn{XoIcn°p∂ HºXmwJfiØn¬ Hcp

jn^v‰nwKv CtaPmbn´mWv (Shifting image) k‘ysb Ihn AhXcn

∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. k¶o¿Æamb _nw_Iev]\bv°pZmlcWamWnXv.

\o Xs∂ PohnXw kt‘y

\o Xs∂ acWhpw kt‘y

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

\o cm{XnX≥ P\\n

\o arXypX≥ Ia\n

\o ]pWy]m]]cnlmcw

PohnXhpw acWhpw cm{XnbpsS P\\nbpw arXyphns‚ Ia\nbpamWp

k‘y.

]IepIƒ cm{XnIƒ F∂ IhnXmio¿jIw hncp≤ßfpsS

s]mcpØamWp ImgvNh°p∂Xv. ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw a\pjyPohnXØnse

225
""{]k∂hpw CcpfS™Xpamb hi߃, Xpd∂Xpw \nKqVhpamb

hkvXpXIƒ, am\yhpw lo\hpamb hym]mc߃ F∂nßs\ ]e

Zzµzßtfbpw kqNn∏n°p∂p.''62

aq∂mwJfiØnse Cu®°Ybpw BdmwJfiØnse ]finXs‚

IYbpw IhnbpsS lmkyt_m[Øn\v sXfnhmWv.

apSn\J߃ hf¿ØnRm≥

ao\nd®nIƒ Xn∂p Rm≥

HSphnses‚ a\w Xpc∂Xn˛

\p≈pd∏p t\m°th,

L\hpan√

{Zhhpan√

\\p\\p∏p am{Xtam?

ISsedn™

I°t]mse

IncpIncp∏p am{Xtam?

\\p\\p∏v, IncpIncp∏v F∂o ]ZßfneSßnb sFdWn

Btflm]lmkØns‚ Xo£vWX h¿≤n∏n°p∂p.

]Xnaq∂p JfißfSßnb Hcp IhnXbmWv ChnsS PohnXw.

bqtKm…mhnbbpw dqam\nbbpw tkmhnb‰p bqWnb\pamWv CXn\p
]›mØesamcp°p∂Xv.

""ChnsS PohnXw F∂ IhnXbpsS s]mXpio¿jIw, km¿∆euInI

Xsb kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ D]io¿jI߃ ÿe\maßfneqsS

226
khntijXsb kqNn∏n°p∂p. IhnXbnse ASnÿm\ kwL¿jw Cu

c≠p LSIßfpw XΩnemWv . F¶nepw IhnX BXy¥nIambn

km¿∆P\o\X t\Sp∂Xv PohnXØns‚ hn`n∂sshcp≤yßfpsS
D∑oe\ØneqsSbmWv.''63

kv{XqKm, bqtKm…mhnbbnse am°ntUmWnbmbn¬ Imthym’hw

\S°p∂ tI{µamWv. Cu JfiØn¬ ÿekqN\Ifpw Ncn{XkqN\
Ifpw kar≤ambn Ihn D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. khntijamb

Imhy`mjbpw KZyØns‚ Xmfhpw ]ZßfpsS Bh¿Ø\hpw IhnXbpsS

cq]inev]sØ anIhp‰Xm°p∂p.

Dd™ IÆocns‚ h¿Øpf irwK߃

ap¥ncnh≈nNp‰nb tNmc°pg¬ NqSnb `KXvknwKv,

]me߃ ]WnbpIbpw s]mfn°pIbpw sNøp∂ AeIvkm≠¿

aÆn\Snbn¬ B\bcip t]ip∂ skeq°kpw t]mdkpw....

XpSßnb hcnIfn¬ ]m›mXyhpw ]uckvXyhpamb {]XoI߃

{]Xy£s∏Sp∂p.

Htc Hcp kXytØmSp Rm≥ \nehnfn°p∂Xp hsc

B \nehnfn tIm°kkv Ip∂n≥\nc \ndbp∂Xphsc

AXns‚ {]Xn[z\n F¬{_qkv apX¬

FhdÃp hsc apgßp∂Xp hsc

F∂ hcnIfnse kmZriyw P\n∏n°p∂ _nw_I߃ IhnXbpsS

LS\ \n¿Æbn°p∂Xn¬ \n¿ÆmbIamb ]¶p hln°p∂p.

227
 Cc´ape®n _mƒ°≥tk.....

\o sX∂nsØdn®p \S°ptºmƒ

\n\°Xp c≠pwIqSn Npa°m≥ hnjasa¶n¬

Hmtcm∂p Rm≥ amdn amdn Npa°mat√m

F∂ hcnIfn¬ \¿ΩØns‚ kv]¿iw A\p`hthZyamIp∂p.

a\pjy≥amdmsX Ahs‚ N´ßƒ amdpIbn√

N´ßƒ amdmsX a\pjy\pw amdpIbn√

F∂nSsØ sFdWnbpw sh≈°p∏nkv I n, sNΩp¥ncnkv I n

XpSßnb ]pXp]Zßfpw Imhycq]sØ ]pXp°n Nabv ° p∂Xn\p

klmbIamWv.

GgpJfißfSßnb IhnXbmWv ]mtkPv Sp Atacn°.

Imhy_nw_ßfneqsS sFdWn krjvSn°phm\p≈ ]Wn°cpsS Ignhv

sXfnbn°m≥ ]cym]vXamWv Cu IhnX.

"ka¿∞ambn \n¿Ωn® Ip∂n≥]pdØp

\m´nb Ipcnint∑¬

hrØnbmbn ]n≥sNbvXp sh®

lrZbØns‚ cq]w"

F∂ _nw_w km{amPyXzAtacn°bpsS lrZbiq\yamb

Ahÿsbbpw Im]SysØbpw shfnhm°p∂p.

]t£, Atacn°,

\ns‚ lrZbtcJ FhnsSt∏mbn ad™p?

228
 h√ ]co£W kvt^mS\Ønepw

AXp `qK¿`Ønem≠p t]mtbm?

F∂v Ihn tNmZn°p∂p.

Npa®t√m, ]nSns®SpØt√m, ap´nbt√m F∂nßs\ {Inbm]ZßfpsS

Bh¿Ø\w,

cmhnse acWw sshIn´p acWw

\nehdbn¬ acWw CShgnbn¬ acWw

s]cphgnbn¬ acWw

F∂ a´n¬ kam\]ZßfpsS Bh¿Ø\w,

km\n´dn\m]v I n\p ]Icw D]tbmKn® tbm\nØpΩ¬Xqhme

°Semkpt]msebp≈ ]pXnb ]Z߃ Chsb√mw tN¿Øv km{ºZmbnI

coXnbn¬\n∂p thdn´p \n¬°p∂ ]pXpcq]w Ihn krjvSn°p∂p.

ChnsS R߃ tNmfhpw

]n F¬ 480Dw hf¿Øp∂p

kh¿Æ sSenhnj≥ sk‰pIƒ \n¿Ωn°p∂p

\maßfpsS tNcphbpw hntijW{]tbmKhpw ChnsS \¿Ωw

krjvSn°p∂p.

FXn¿]£Øv \nebpd∏n®psIm≠v PohnXsØ kao]n°p∂ Hcp

⁄m\hr≤s‚ lmkyamWv ]Wn°cpsS IhnXbpsS A¥¿[mc.

]c-º-cm-KX Imhy-cq-]-ß-fpsS \ntj-[-Øn-eqsS h¿Ø-am-\-Ime

PohnXka-kybv°v adp-]Sn \¬Ip-I-bmWv Ihn. cq]w DS®v ]pXp-hm¿∏p-

229
Iƒ krjvSn-®-Xn-eqsS Ihn-X-bn¬ km[y-am-bXv Fs¥m-s°-bmWv F∂

{]iv\sØ kwt_m-[\ sNbvXp-sImt≠ Cu A[ymbw D]-kw-l-cn-°m-

\m-hq. _‘-ß-fn-ep-≠mb ssiYn-eyw, kwth-Z-\-Øn¬ B[p-\n-I-Im-e-
Øp-≠mb XS- -߃, hnizm-k-Ø-I¿®, ]cn-lm-ky-amb cmjv{So-b-˛-kmw-

kvIm-cnI kml-N-cy-߃, aqey-NypXn XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ^e-ambn Po¿W-

am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ temIsØ ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂-Xn\p ]I-c-amWv Ihn
Imhy-cq-]sØ ]pXp-°n-®-a-bv°p-∂-Xv.

***

230
Ipdn∏pIƒ

1. kmap-h¬ Im´p-I-√n¬, IdpØ Nncn-bpsS Ihn, ]pdw˛22, 1999.

2. am. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn, Ipcp-t£-{Xw, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛97

3. N{µ-a-Xn, k-- m-lnXykam-¥-c-X, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛157

4. Fw. tXmakv amXyp, Ipcp-t£-{X-Øn-eq-sS, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000,

]pdw˛71˛72.

5. am. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn, Ipcp-t£-{Xw, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛89

6. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-t{Xm-]m-Jym-\w, amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn∏v

19.01.1969

7. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

8. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

9. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

10. tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥, Ipcp-t£{Xhm-b-\, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000,

]pdw˛184

11. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

12. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

13. sI. Fkv. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈, Hcp sFXn-lm-knI Poh-N-cn-{Xw, Ipcp-

t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛40.

14. kmap-h¬ Im´p-I-√n¬, IdpØ Nncn-bpsS Ihn. ]pdw˛34, 1999.

15. kmap-h¬ Im´p-I-√n¬, IdpØ Nncn-bpsS Ihn. ]pdw˛35, 1999.

16. sI. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛43

231
17. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

18. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

19. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

20. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

21. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

22. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

23. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

24. \tc-{µ-{]-km-Zv, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛124

25. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

26. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

27. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

28. sI. Fkv. \mcmbW]n≈, Ipcpt£{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛41

29. kn. ]n. inh-Zm-k≥, Ipcp-t£{Xw ]m›m-Xy-kzm-[o-\w, Ipcp-t£-

{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛86

30. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

31. sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿, ]pXn-b-Im-hy-ssi-enbpw Ipcp-t£-{X-hpw,

Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛111

32. sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿, ]pXn-b-Im-hy-ssi-enbpw Ipcp-t£-{X-hpw,

Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000, ]pdw˛113˛114

33. sI. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000. ]pdw˛65

34. sI. Fkv. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈, Ipcp-t£-{Xw˛2000. ]pdw˛42

232
35. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

36. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

37. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

38. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

39. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

40. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

41. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

42. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

43. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

44. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

45. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

46. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

47. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, Ipcp-t£-{Xw

48. Fw. Pn. sI. \mb¿, kmln-Xy-kw-⁄m-tIm-iw. ]pdw˛37, 1996.

49. ]q¿t∆m‡w

50. Un. hn\bN{µ≥, Aø∏∏Wn°cpsS Ggp IhnXIƒ ]T\߃,

]pdw˛127

51. kmap-h¬ Im´p-I-√n¬, IdpØ Nncn-bpsS Ihn, ]pdw˛144.

52. ]q¿t∆m‡w

53. Fw. eoem-h-Xn, ae-bm-f-I-hnXm kmln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw, ]pdw˛411, 1991.

54. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, tamj-Ww, Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ `mKw

c≠v, 1994.

233
55. Ipam-c-\m-im≥, am‰p-hn≥ N´-ß-sf, kzb-a-s√-¶n¬

am‰p-a-Xp-Ifo \nß-sf-Øm≥ F∂ hcnIfpsS ]mcUn

56. Fw. eoem-h-Xn, ae-bm-f-I-hnXm kmlnXyNcn-{Xw.

57. {]k∂cmP≥, C\nbpw £oWn°mØ ]co£WIuXpI߃,

Aø∏∏Wn°¿ ]ØpIhnXIƒ ]T\߃, ]pdw˛196.

58. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, apJ-hp-c, thmbvkkv Hm^v Fa¿P≥kn. 1983.

59. hn. kn. lmcn-kv, Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, ]Øp-I-hn-X-Iƒ ]T-\-ß-ƒ,

]pdw˛119.

60. Aø∏∏Wn°¿, IpXncs°mºv.

61. hn. kn. lmcn-kv, Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿, ]Øp-I-hn-X-Iƒ ]T-\-ß-ƒ,

]pdw˛133.

62. sI. Fkv. \mcmbW]n≈, ]IepIƒ cm{XnIƒ Hcp ]T\w,

Aø∏∏Wn°cpsS GgpIhnXIƒ ]T\ßfpw, ]pdw˛115

63. k®nZm\µ≥, hncp≤ßfpsS s]mcpØw. ]pdw˛146.

***

234