132kV Standard Pole Design Specification

Technical Specification
132kV Standard Pole Design

Specification
Original Issue: December 2012

Prepared by: Simon Ling
This Revision: 1 - December 2012
Date for Next Review: December 2014
© 2012 Western Power
ABN 18540492861
DM#: 9359022
13/12/2012
__________________________________________________________ 132kV Standard Pole Design Specification
DM# Title of Document

AS 1391-2007/Amdt 1-2012
Metallic materials - Tensile testing at ambient temperature
AS 1530.4-2005
Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures -
Fire-resistance test of elements of construction
AS/NZS 1554:2011
Structural steel welding
AS 2159-2009
Piling - Design and installation
AS/NZS 2312:2002/Amdt 1:2004
Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by
use of protective coatings
AS/NZS 3678:2011
Structural steel – Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs
AS/NZS 3679.1:2010
Structural steel - Hot-rolled bars and sections
AS 3990-1993
Mechanical equipment - Steelwork
AS/NZS 4065:2010
Concrete utility services poles
AS/NZS 4671:2001/Amdt 1:2003
Steel reinforcing materials
AS 4291.1-2000
Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel -
Bolts, screws and studs
AS/NZS 4680:2006
Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles
Other Documents That Reference This Document
DM# Title of Document

9560286 WS25477 - Steel Poles - Scope of Works
Stakeholders (people to be consulted when document is updated)
Position / Branch / Section

Section Manager / Transmission Integrated Design / Transmission Line Design
DM# 9359022 Page 3

Uncontrolled document when printed
Refer to DM for current version
132kV Standard Pole Design Specification __________________________________________________________
Notification List (people to be notified when document is updated)
Position / Branch / Section

Section Manager / Transmission Integrated Design / Transmission Line Design
This document must not be made available to personnel outside Western Power
without the prior written approval of Western Power.
Page 4 DM# 9359022

Contents
1 Introduction .......................................................................................................8
1.1 Purpose..........................................................................................................8
1.2 Exclusion........................................................................................................8
1.3 Design Standards...........................................................................................8
1.4 Definitions ......................................................................................................8
1.4.1 Ahead/Back/Behind Span (PLS-CADD) ...............................................8
1.4.2 Composite (MB) Pole............................................................................8
1.4.3 Composite Fibre (CF) Pole ...................................................................8
1.4.4 Country .................................................................................................8
1.4.5 Davit (PLS-POLE).................................................................................8
1.4.6 Designer................................................................................................8
1.4.7 Heavy Duty Pole ...................................................................................8
1.4.8 Metro.....................................................................................................9
1.4.9 Phase (PLS-CADD) ..............................................................................9
1.4.10 Pole Configuration ................................................................................9
1.4.11 Profiling Temperature ...........................................................................9
1.4.12 Stayed/Guyed Pole ...............................................................................9
1.4.13 Stay Pole...............................................................................................9
1.4.14 Strength Factor .....................................................................................9
1.4.15 Supplier.................................................................................................9
1.4.16 Structure ...............................................................................................9
1.4.16.1 Angle Suspension Structure ........................................................9
1.4.16.2 Strain Structure............................................................................9
1.4.16.3 Suspension Structure ..................................................................9
1.4.16.4 Terminal Structure .....................................................................10
1.4.17 SWIN...................................................................................................10
1.4.18 Tip Load ..............................................................................................10
1.4.19 Transverse Axis Azimuth (PLS-CADD)...............................................10
1.5 Abbreviations ...............................................................................................10
2 Design Specifications.....................................................................................12
2.1 Pole Support ................................................................................................12
2.1.1 General ...............................................................................................12
2.1.2 Conformance ......................................................................................12
2.1.3 Loading ...............................................................................................12
2.1.4 Phase Naming ....................................................................................12
2.1.5 Bearing Convention ............................................................................13
2.1.6 Design Software..................................................................................13
2.1.7 Design Life ..........................................................................................13
2.1.8 Functional Requirements ....................................................................13
2.1.9 Pole System........................................................................................14
2.1.9.1 Monopole ...................................................................................14
2.1.9.2 Multi Pole ...................................................................................14
2.1.10 Pole Shaft Range................................................................................14
2.1.10.1 Alternative Pole Shaft Range.....................................................15
2.1.11 Pole geometry.....................................................................................15
2.1.11.1 Pole Top Geometry....................................................................15
2.1.11.2 Pole Diameter ............................................................................16
2.1.11.3 Pole Taper .................................................................................16
DM# 9359022 Page 5

2.1.12 Pole Configuration ..............................................................................17

2.1.13 Post Insulator ......................................................................................17
2.1.13.1 Release Mechanism ..................................................................17
2.1.13.2 Failure Behaviour.......................................................................18
2.1.14 Pole Cap .............................................................................................18
2.1.15 Earthwire Peak....................................................................................18
2.1.16 Earth Lugs...........................................................................................18
2.1.17 Earth Link............................................................................................19
2.1.18 Crossarm ............................................................................................19
2.1.19 Alternative Crossarm ..........................................................................19
2.1.20 Hanger Bracket ...................................................................................19
2.1.21 Pole Marking .......................................................................................19
2.1.22 Auxiliary Attachment ...........................................................................20
2.1.22.1 Downlead...................................................................................20
2.1.22.2 Identification (I.D.) plate.............................................................20
2.1.22.3 Lifting Lug ..................................................................................20
2.1.22.4 Reflective Band..........................................................................20
2.1.22.5 Service or Maintenance Lug ......................................................20
2.1.22.6 Bird Deterrent ............................................................................20
2.1.22.7 Vermin Guard ............................................................................20
2.1.23 Sharp Edges .......................................................................................20
2.1.24 Underslung..........................................................................................20
2.1.25 Climbing Facilities ...............................................................................21
2.1.26 Supplementary Coating or Protection .................................................21
2.1.26.1 Durability Coating ......................................................................21
2.1.26.2 Aesthetic Coating.......................................................................21
2.1.26.3 Insulation Coating ......................................................................21
2.1.26.4 Fire Protection Coating ..............................................................21
2.1.26.5 Anti Glare / de-Shine Coating ....................................................21
2.1.26.6 Combined Coating .....................................................................21
2.1.27 Fasteners for Pole Supports ...............................................................22
2.1.28 Steel Poles..........................................................................................22
2.1.28.1 Pole Section Length...................................................................22
2.1.28.2 Minimum Size of Steel Members ...............................................22
2.1.28.3 Plate Thickness .........................................................................22
2.1.28.4 Steel Pole Material.....................................................................22
Unidentified Steels...................................................................................22
Test Certificates.......................................................................................23
Product Conformity..................................................................................23
2.1.28.5 Steel Pole Surface Finish ..........................................................23
2.1.28.6 Strength Factor ..........................................................................23
2.1.28.7 Steel Pole Joint..........................................................................23
2.1.28.8 Welding......................................................................................23
2.1.28.9 Joint Fatigue ..............................................................................24
2.1.29 Concrete Poles ...................................................................................24
2.1.30 Other Pole Material .............................................................................24
2.1.31 Design of Pole.....................................................................................24
2.1.32 Deflection Limit ...................................................................................26
2.1.33 Stays/Guys..........................................................................................26
2.1.34 Stay Pole.............................................................................................27
2.2 Pole Foundations .........................................................................................28
2.2.1 General ...............................................................................................28
2.2.2 Materials of Foundation ......................................................................28
2.2.2.1 Steel...........................................................................................28
Page 6 DM# 9359022

2.2.2.2 Concrete ....................................................................................28

2.2.2.3 Other Material ............................................................................28
2.2.3 Mounting Points ..................................................................................29
2.2.4 Design of Bearing Plate ......................................................................29
2.2.5 Embedment Depth ..............................................................................29
2.2.6 Design of Ground Stay Anchors .........................................................30
2.2.7 Design of Anchor Bolt and Baseplate .................................................30
2.2.8 Constructability ...................................................................................32
2.3 Durability ......................................................................................................32
2.3.1 Concrete .............................................................................................32
2.3.2 Steel....................................................................................................32
2.3.3 Other Material .....................................................................................32
2.3.4 Sections buried in the ground .............................................................32
2.4 PLS-POLE Modelling ...................................................................................33
2.4.1 General Data.......................................................................................33
2.4.2 Setup Preferences ..............................................................................33
2.4.3 Components........................................................................................33
2.4.4 Geometry ............................................................................................33
2.4.5 Analysis...............................................................................................34
2.4.6 Backup Model .....................................................................................34
3 Other ................................................................................................................35
3.1 Fabrication ...................................................................................................35
3.2 Prototype Assembly of Poles .......................................................................35
3.3 Manuals........................................................................................................35
3.4 Drawings ......................................................................................................36
3.5 Design Report ..............................................................................................36
Appendix A. Naming Convention......................................................................38
Appendix B. Basic Geometry ............................................................................39
Appendix C. Reference Drawings .....................................................................40
Appendix D. Pricing Schedule...........................................................................41
Appendix E. Loading Files.................................................................................42
DM# 9359022 Page 7

1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This specification detailed the performance and statutory requirements
for design of Western Power 132kV standard pole suite.
1.2 Exclusion
Timber poles are excluded from this specification.
1.3 Design Standards

Unless otherwise specified, the following design standard shall be
adhered to:
• AS/NZS 7000:2010 Overhead Line Design-Detailed Procedures
1.4 Definitions
The following definitions in addition to the list of definitions within the
above mentioned standards shall apply:
1.4.1 Ahead/Back/Behind Span (PLS-CADD)

Span ahead or back/behind of structure when looking in the direction
of increasing structure number along the line route.
1.4.2 Composite (MB) Pole

Pole made from chemically or mechanically bonded composite
members.
1.4.3 Composite Fibre (CF) Pole

Pole made from chemically mixed fibre reinforced resin composite
materials.
1.4.4 Country
Open space area or zone with low population density where easement
width is not normally restricted.
1.4.5 Davit (PLS-POLE)

Moment resisting cantilever arm.
1.4.6 Designer
Person or company or consortium responsible for the design.
1.4.7 Heavy Duty Pole

Pole with ultimate tip load in excess of 80kN.
Page 8 DM# 9359022

1.4.8 Metro
Built up area or zone with high population density where easement
width is normally limited.
1.4.9 Phase (PLS-CADD)

Attachment point of conductor or earthwire or OPGW.
1.4.10 Pole Configuration

Arrangement of conductor attachment points along a pole shaft.
1.4.11 Profiling Temperature

Design temperature associated with continuous or emergency rating
for checking conductor to ground clearance.
1.4.12 Stayed/Guyed Pole

Monopole structure with conductor, earthwire attachment points and
an array of stay/guy to counter the conductor or earthwire load.
1.4.13 Stay Pole

Self supporting direct buried monopole with stay/guy attachment
points at pole tip. Stay pole does not have conductor or earthwire
attachment points.
1.4.14 Strength Factor

Also known as Strength Reduction Factor, it is the factor applied to the
nominal strength of the material to allow for variations in material
strength and dimensions, workmanship, inaccuracies in design
equations, required ductility and reliability, and the importance of the
part in the structure.
1.4.15 Supplier
Company responsible for providing design services and supply of
structure.
1.4.16 Structure
1.4.16.1 Angle Suspension Structure
Structure where the conductors are simply suspended with deviation
up to 30°.
1.4.16.2 Strain Structure

Structure where the conductors are anchored with deviation up to 90°.
1.4.16.3 Suspension Structure

Structure where the conductors are simply suspended with deviation
ranging from 0° to 2°.
DM# 9359022 Page 9

1.4.16.4 Terminal Structure

Structure where the conductors are anchored and the transmission
line terminates with deviation ranging from 0° to 45°.
1.4.17 SWIN
South West Interconnected Network
1.4.18 Tip Load

The ultimate horizontal point load equivalent to all resolved conductor
loads applied at 100mm below the top cap.
1.4.19 Transverse Axis Azimuth (PLS-CADD)

The right hand axis of the structure when looking ahead along the line
route in the direction of increasing structure number.
1.5 Abbreviations
For the purpose of this document, the following abbreviations shall
apply:
15d 15 degree Celsius without Wind
100Pa15d 100Pa Wind at 15 degree Celsius
AAC All Aluminium Conductor
ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
AH Ahead Span
Amps Amperes
BA Back Span / Behind Span
CBL Calculated Breaking Load
CM Construction and Maintenance
DC Double Circuit
Def_Limit 100Pa Deflection Limit
Dmg_Limit 500Pa Damage Limit
EDT Everyday Temperature without Wind
EW Earthwire or OPGW
FCL Failure Containment Load
FCLBA7+ Broken conductor on back span of set 7 with positive
transverse wind.
kN Kilo Newton
ILAC International Laboratory Accreditation Corporation
(Mutual Recognition Arrangement)
Line Overhead Line
LCA PLS-CADD Loading file extension
Page 10 DM# 9359022

MinT Minimum Temperature

MWD Maximum Downdraft Wind
MWDU Maximum Downdraft Wind Uplift
MWS Maximum Synoptic Wind
NOC Normal Operating Condition
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities
Australia
ohm-cm Ohm-Centimeters
OPGW Optical Ground Wire
PCD Pitch circle diameter
pH Hydrogen Ion Concentration
PLS-CADD Power Line Systems - Computer Aided Design and
Drafting
PLS-POLE Power Line Systems Pole Design Software
ppm Parts Per Million
RP Return Period
SC Single Circuit
UV Ultraviolet light
WP Western Power
DM# 9359022 Page 11

2 Design Specifications
2.1 Pole Support

2.1.1 General
The pole design shall comply with the limit state performance
requirement stipulated in Clause 6.3 of AS/NZS 7000:2010 without
permanent deformation of any member or connection.
2.1.2 Conformance
The latest amendments or revision to the quoted Standards herein or
subsequent revision of this specification shall be adhered to.
The supplier may propose alternative International Standards for
supply, testing and fabrication of poles provided they meet the
following:
1. The proposed alternative International Standards shall be
equivalent of relevant Australia Standards.
2. The designer shall be satisfied that the use of alternative
standards for supply, testing and fabrication of the pole will not
jeopardise operational security of the line as intended by
AS/NZS 7000.
2.1.3 Loading
WP supplied loading files shall be used for the design of the support
structure.
The loading files are supplied in both PLS-CADD “lca” and
spreadsheet format. The specified loads are vector point loads on
conductor attachment points in the vertical, transverse and longitudinal
direction. Refer to Section 2.1.34 for stay pole loading.
The sign convention is positive, in downward direction vertically, to the
right of the transverse axis direction and in the behind or back
direction longitudinally along the line route (when looking in the
direction of increasing structure number). Refer to PLS-CADD user
manual for further explanation.
The designer may group load cases and designs for the maximum
loading. In this case, loading tree diagrams shall be included in the
design report for each pole or group of configurations. The designer
shall check the crossarm for combined loads with axial tension and
compression by reversing the transverse phase loading for each
vertical and longitudinal load combination in the loading files. The
armless structure davit shall be loaded in axial tension and bending
only. The terminal load cases apply to terminal structure only.
2.1.4 Phase Naming

The phase naming convention for the purpose of specifying loading
points is included in Appendix A.
Page 12 DM# 9359022

2.1.5 Bearing Convention

Bearing value shall be expressed in degree angle along the pole axial
centre line axis and in a clockwise direction from 0-359 degree when
specifying holes or attachment orientation along the face of the pole.
The right side of the transverse axis when looking in the line ahead
direction shall be assigned a bearing value of 90 degrees. Refer to
Figure 1 for details.
Ahead Span
0°
270° 90°
180°
Back/Behind Span
Figure 1: cross-section showing orientation of bearing value along the face of the pole.
2.1.6 Design Software

The designer may use any proprietary design software or proven in-
house software or program. Software printouts shall specify program
name, version number, date and designer detail.
2.1.7 Design Life

The design life of the supporting structure shall be at least 50 years.
2.1.8 Functional Requirements

The pole must be able to be transported to site, installed using
common machinery without the need to engage specialist installation
equipment (excluding heavy duty pole types), remain in service and be
relatively maintenance free throughout the design life.
The pole suite shall cater for the following line scenarios:
Table 1: Line Scenarios
Area/ Design No. of Conductor Earthwire Profiling

Zone Span 132kV Temperature
Circuit
Metro 100m 1 Venus AAC Single Triton AAC 120 °C

Zone A @10-19.5% CBL
Metro 150m 1or 2 Venus AAC Single or Twin Triton 120 °C

Zone A @14-19.5% CBL AAC
Country 250m 1 Lemon ACSR/GZ Single OPGW or 100 °C

Zone A @16-22% CBL Lemon ACSR
Country 250m or 1or 2 Mango ACSR/GZ Single/Twin Lemon 100 °C

Zone A 350m @24% CBL ACSR
DM# 9359022 Page 13

Unless otherwise specified, earthwire sag shall match the conductor

sag at 18°C.
Note: The above line scenarios are selected as representative
scenarios for the development of WP’s pole suite. Application of the
pole suite will be throughout the SWIN. WP may include additional
pole system and configurations, or amend loading scenarios as
required to meet regulatory or specific project requirements.
2.1.9 Pole System

2.1.9.1 Monopole
Suspension (0-2° deviation) and stay pole structures shall be designed
as self-supporting monopole structures. Angle suspension (up to 30°
deviation), strain (up to 90° deviation) and terminal pole structures
shall be designed as both self-supporting monopole structures and
stayed/guyed monopole structures.
Ground stay options are not required for the 150kN, 200kN, 300kN,
480kN pole shafts, poles supported on caisson and the stay poles.
2.1.9.2 Multi Pole

Braced, framed, bundled or spaced twin or quad pole systems are not
considered at this stage. Selected pole systems will be added as
required.
2.1.10 Pole Shaft Range

The following range of pole shafts shall be catered for:
Table 2: Pole Shaft
Tip
Load Overall Length (m)
(kN)
20 20, 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29
30 20, 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 323
40 12.51, 171, 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32
60 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37
80 141, 18.51, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37
120 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37
2
150 20, 26, 31
2002 20, 26, 31
2
300 20, 31
4802 20, 31
1 Stay pole.
2 Heavy duty strain and angle steel pole with caisson foundation.
3 Required for country suspension buckarm only
Page 14 DM# 9359022

Suspension structures are not required to be designed for the 120kN,

150kN, 200kN, 300kN and 480kN poles.
Angle suspension structures are not required to be designed for the
200kN, 300kN and 480kN poles.
Each shaft tip rating and length shall be unique and suit various
configurations in Appendix B. The poles and their relevant component
options are summarised in Appendix D.
2.1.10.1 Alternative Pole Shaft Range

The supplier may propose alternative stepping in tip load and length
combinations or offer an extended pole range, to accommodate stay
and other proprietary products, to match or optimise production
settings or material availability, or for other commercial reasons (e.g.
cost savings offered by supplier for stocked items), provided they meet
the functional, performance and geometrical requirements. In this
case, pricing for both the pole range in Table 2 and the proposed
alternatives shall be provided.
As a minimum the supplier shall offer a pole range and stay system
suitable for the Metro 100m span scenario in Table 1. Heavy duty
shafts between 150kN and 480kN other than those already specified
in Table 2 shall only be added when requested by WP. The
subsequent addition of heavy duty shafts shall be in 50kN step.
2.1.11 Pole geometry

2.1.11.1 Pole Top Geometry
The pole top geometry could be in accordance with Appendix B or
optimised to suit pole diameter, crossarms, joints, brackets or
attachment points design.
The pole top geometry shall conform to all electrical clearance
requirements in accordance with AS/NZS 7000:2010. Climbing
corridors are not required. A maximum lightning shielding failure rate
of 0.05/100km/year with stringing temperature at 18°C, everyday
conductor temperature (EDT) at 18°C, footing resistance at 10 ohms
and average annual thunder days of 15 shall be allowed for.
The following weather cases shall be used for insulator swing
calculations:
Table 3: Insulator swing weather cases
Wind Pressure Country Design Conductor Wind to Weight

Span Temperature Span Ratio
Low 100 Pa 250m, 350m 18°C 1.41
Moderate 200 Pa 250m, 350m 18°C (up to 50°C for 1.4
flying angle)
High 500 Pa 250m, 350m 15°C 1.4
1 Weight Span = Design Span divide by 1.4
The K-value for mid span calculation shall be 0.7 and the conductor
temperature shall be 50°C including creep correction.
DM# 9359022 Page 15

The maximum operating voltage shall be 145kV.

The minimum circuit spacing shall be 4m for double circuit structure.
2.1.11.2 Pole Diameter

The following pole diameter or cross-section depth limits shall be
adhered to:
Table 4: Pole Diameter
Tip Load (kN) Overall Length (m) Maximum Diameter (mm)

20 20, 21.5, 23, 24.5 500
20 27, 29 850
4 4
30 20, 21.5, 23, 24.5 , 27 600
4 4 3
30 24.5 , 27 , 29, 32 960
1
40 12.5, 17 550
40 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32 1070
60 21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37 1270
1
80 14, 18.5 600
80 23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37 1300
120 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37 1450
2
150 20, 26, 31 1400
2
200 20, 26, 31 1500
2
300 20, 31 1700
2
480 20, 31 2000
1 Stay pole
2 Heavy duty strain and angle steel pole with caisson foundation
3 Required for country suspension buckarm only
4 Slim and wide base diameter shaft
Diameter limit may be interpolated for other shaft rating. The 30kN
pole shaft shall have both slim and wide base diameter shaft. Note:
WP designated line route alignment width within the metro road
reserve is 600mm.
All pole sections shall be hollow and symmetrical along the transverse
and longitudinal axis. For non-circular shaft, the minimum number of
sides/faces shall be 8. The sides/faces increment shall be in steps of
4.
2.1.11.3 Pole Taper

The pole taper shall be between 0 -25mm diameter per meter length of
pole from its top to the base. If deemed necessary a maximum of two
different taper sections shall be specified for each group of shaft tip
loads in Table 4.
Page 16 DM# 9359022

2.1.12 Pole Configuration

The required pole configurations are depicted in Appendix B. Country
or Metro pole suites shall have either cantilever, triangulated or boxed
crossarm arrangement or be armless.
The pole suite shall be designed to accommodate all WP standard
stocked suspension strings or line post insulators in Appendix C. The
supplier shall propose additional hardware and insulators as required
e.g. braced post or release mechanism.
A minimum number of 12 evenly spaced conductor attachment points
shall be provided on armless strain poles along its perimeter. The
minimum number of horizontal jumper post attachment points on
armless strain poles shall be 8 on the primary and off center axis. The
designer may create jumper post brackets which utilise the conductor
attachment points.
A minimum number of 8 evenly spaced earthwire attachment points
shall be provided on armless strain poles along its perimeter.
All removable brackets shall be added to pricing schedule B in
Appendix D as separate item.
2.1.13 Post Insulator

Horizontal polymeric post insulator may be braced. A minimum 4 off
center holes on 127 PCD shall be provided at the mounting base to
suit M16 bolts. The designer is not required to check the line post
insulator strength; however the base bracket and pole shaft shall be
designed to meet loading requirements for line scenarios in Table 1.
2.1.13.1 Release Mechanism

Optional release mechanism shall be designed for the horizontal
polymeric post insulator to suit out of balance longitudinal load cases.
Design of such release mechanism shall consider installation and
repair costs, compatibility with existing mounting bracket and time to
repair. The release mechanism shall not deflect plastically, twist or
rotate under service load and shall ideally protect the insulator by
providing release onset before the insulator reached its critical load
point which impairs its electrical performance or service life.
In the event of conductor breakage, the release mechanism shall
support the conductor. The attachment bracket of the release
mechanism shall ideally use the same mounting base as the basic
polymeric post insulator. Examples of release mechanisms include
rated coupling shear pins (with necked pin or control holes) and
bendable base. The control pin shall be a single stainless steel pin.
The following onset loads (in the vertical (V), transverse (T) and
longitudinal (L) directions) and strength factors shall be assumed for
design of the release mechanism or brackets with intention to protect
the polymeric line post insulator:
DM# 9359022 Page 17

Table 5: Onset Load
Bracket Type Onset Load Load Factor Onset Material Intact Material
V, T, L (kN) Strength Factor Strength Factor
Metro M 3.0 , +/-6.0, 6.5 1.0 1.0 0.8

Metro N 3.0 , +/-6.0, 4.2 1.0 1.0 0.8
Country C 4.0 , +/-8.0, 13.0 1.0 1.0 0.8
Country D 4.0 , +/-8.0, 8.4 1.0 1.0 0.8
The release bracket shall sustain all other intact load cases except the
CM loads under normal operating condition. Strength factor shall be in
accordance with Section 2.1.28.6 under normal operating condition.
2.1.13.2 Failure Behaviour

The designer shall comment on the expected number of proposed
supporting brackets or release mechanism and the line post insulators
which are required to be replaced in progression following a broken
conductor event.
2.1.14 Pole Cap

All poles shall be capped or sealed at the top. A minimum cap slope of
1.5 degree or equivalent convex shall be specified for all poles with top
diameter greater than 200mm.
2.1.15 Earthwire Peak

Earthwire attachment points shall be designed to accommodate both
suspension clamps and strain fixtures. The armless strain pole shall
have strain fixtures only.
The earthing system including lugs, links and joints shall be capable of
passing a current of 50,000 Amps for 0.31 seconds.
2.1.16 Earth Lugs

The pole base earth lugs shall have two 14 mm diameter holes spaced
vertically 50mm apart, orientated at both 0 and 180 +/-15 degree
bearing and positioned 150mm above the ground for direct buried
poles or welded or jointed to the edge of baseplate stiffener.
For armless strain poles a maximum of 4 evenly spaced earth bonding
lugs, each with two 14 mm diameter holes spaced horizontally 50mm
apart, shall be provided near the overhead earthwire attachment
points.
For other pole types, the earth bonding lug holes shall be orientated
horizontally along the line longitudinal axis and positioned at the end of
the earthwire peak arm.
These lugs shall be connected to the bottom lug via the conductive
pole shaft or by using an alternative earthing system e.g. ferrule and
copper link as required to suit the pole material. Mechanically jointed
connection gaps shall be under sustained compression load at all
times and the contact surface shall be flat.
Page 18 DM# 9359022

2.1.17 Earth Link

The earth link (if any) shall be concealed and continuous with equal or
lower electrical resistance joints or bends and not reactive against
parent material. Structurally bonded or anchored reinforcing bars shall
not be used as the earth link.
2.1.18 Crossarm
Crossarms shall be rated and interchangeable within each
configuration. The crossarm supporting the earthwire shall be a
cantilever beam element. The crossarm supporting the conductor shall
be either a frame or beam.
All cantilever beams, excluding davits mounted on the flying angle
structure and beam with cantilever length less than 400 mm, shall be
hollow and have an effective upward inclination angle of 5°. The top
and bottom face of the cantilever crossarm member may have
different inclinations.
Optional crossarm lengths for each configuration shall be provided as
specified in Appendix B. Where pole shafts of various rating may be
used, the design of crossarms and connections shall be based on the
maximum line loading scenarios unless significant cost savings can be
achieved by introducing alternative crossarms to suit lower rated pole
shafts.
Open ends of hollow section crossarms shall be capped with drain
holes if not fully concealed.
2.1.19 Alternative Crossarm

The supplier may propose alternative architecture crossarms and
connection joints to reduce visual impact of the overall structure or
provide a low life cycle cost composite crossarm option. The indicative
price and conceptual sketches of alternative crossarms shall be
provided separately. A full design is not required until WP has
accepted the proposal in writing.
2.1.20 Hanger Bracket

Hanger brackets shall be designed as optional fixtures for the country
buckarm angle structure and be allowed to either swing in the
longitudinal direction or sufficiently braced (moment joint) to limit its
longitudinal movement and avoid permanent deformation.
2.1.21 Pole Marking

All poles shall have permanent identification mark or plate specifying
the pole length in meter, tip load rating in kN, weight in kg, date of
manufacture, manufacturer name, relevant WP drawing number, and
located between 2.5m and 3.0m above ground at 180 degree bearing.
The letters shall be permanent and legible (minimum 12mm height) to
a person standing near the base of the pole. The proposed marking
shall be detailed in the drawings.
DM# 9359022 Page 19

2.1.22 Auxiliary Attachment

The mounting points or attachment surfaces for installation of the WP
pole identification (I.D.) plate, bird deterrents, OPGW downlead and
joint box (refer Appendix C) shall be allowed for.
2.1.22.1 Downlead
The OPGW downlead, joint box and bracket mounting points shall be
designed in collaboration with WP engineers. A separate hole drilling
schedule or bracket layout drawings are required.
2.1.22.2 Identification (I.D.) plate

The WP pole I.D. plate shall be mounted at 90 or 270 degree bearing
between 2.5m and 3.0m above ground. Aerial identification plates are
not required.
2.1.22.3 Lifting Lug

At least one diameter 26mm minimum lifting point shall be provided at
the top of pole shaft. Other haulage, dunnage and jacking points as
required shall be designed and specified on the drawings and the
construction manual according to the proposed construction
methodology for both the light and heavy duty poles.
2.1.22.4 Reflective Band

Reflective band tape is not required.
2.1.22.5 Service or Maintenance Lug

The designer shall allow for a 26 mm diameter service hole for each
insulator, clamp or stay/guy attachment point on all poles excluding
the stay pole. An unfactored 3kN live load shall be assumed for the
service hole and bracket design. This load is included in the loading
files and may be removed from attachment point load when designing
the attachment plate and service hole brackets separately.
2.1.22.6 Bird Deterrent

The supplier shall propose and allow for the mounting of suitable bird
deterrents on crossarms at positions directly above the suspension
string insulator or jumper.
2.1.22.7 Vermin Guard

Vermin or possum guard is not required.
2.1.23 Sharp Edges

All sharp edges shall be chamfered or rounded. Sharp protrusion
edges shall be capped or blunted. A temporary cover or tape shall be
specified in the construction or the product handling manual as
required.
2.1.24 Underslung
Underslung attachment points are not required.
Page 20 DM# 9359022

2.1.25 Climbing Facilities

Climbing facilities are not required.
2.1.26 Supplementary Coating or Protection

The supplier shall specify and allow for additional coating, over the
galvanised layer or pole surface, to meet the following requirements:
All cured coatings shall be safe to touch, stable and not harmful to the
environments. Special disposal methods if applicable shall be
provided.
2.1.26.1 Durability Coating

Refer Section 2.3 Durability. Details of the protective coating shall be
provided.
2.1.26.2 Aesthetic Coating

All above ground aesthetic colour coating under normal durability
conditions shall be maintenance free for at least 20 years. The
earthing lugs shall not be coated. The supplier shall provide details of
the proposed aesthetic coating product including the colour range.
2.1.26.3 Insulation Coating

All insulation against touch potential shall be 0.5m below ground and
2.5m above ground, and shall be rated 20kV for 2 and 5 seconds
throughout the design life. Application of insulation shall consider
impact of moisture, joint movement and maintenance cost. Additional
protective coating shall be specified as required. The supplier shall
comment on suitability of mounting non-puncturing band over
insulation layer using adhesive, spray on or clamp on strap and
proposed in-situ repair methodology of the insulation layer if viable.
The earthing lugs shall not be coated. Details of the proposed
insulation product shall be provided.
2.1.26.4 Fire Protection Coating

Fire protection coating shall be 0.5m below ground and 0.5m above
ground and rated to 30/-/- Fire Resistance Level as per AS1530.4
against bush fire. The earthing lugs shall not be coated. Details of the
proposed fire coating product (including combine protective and fire
coating) shall be provided.
2.1.26.5 Anti Glare / de-Shine Coating

Durability requirements shall be met after application of anti glare / de-
shine treatment to galvanised surface.
2.1.26.6 Combined Coating

Multi purposes coatings shall be included in pricing schedule A of
Appendix D.
DM# 9359022 Page 21

2.1.27 Fasteners for Pole Supports

All fasteners shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1111 (for Grade 4.6
only), AS/NZS 1252. or AS 4291.1 ( for M20 and Grade 8.8 only),
In addition Western Power allows the use of threaded reinforcement
bars complying with AS/NZS 4671 threaded to AS 1275.
The requirement of AS 4100 shall apply in regards to bolted
connections.
The anchor bolt shall be designed as per ASCE/SEI 48-11 combined
shear and tension/ compression requirement.
Bolted flange joints shall be designed with high-strength bolts of
strength grade 8.8 or 10.9 as per AS/NZS 4291.1.
All bolts, nuts and washers shall be hot dipped galvanised in
accordance with AS 1214. Single eye nut without locking device shall
not be used on components susceptible to vibration.
2.1.28 Steel Poles

Design of steel poles in the transmission lines shall be in accordance
with ASCE/SEI 48-11 and Appendix K of AS/NZS 7000:2010 unless
otherwise modified by this specification.
2.1.28.1 Pole Section Length

The pole section lengths shall be limited to suit the size and weight
requirements for transportation and the size of the galvanising bath.
2.1.28.2 Minimum Size of Steel Members

The minimum pole shaft thickness either near or embedded in the
ground shall be 6 mm. The shaft thickness shall not be less than 4 mm
elsewhere.
2.1.28.3 Plate Thickness

Maximum plate thickness for the suspension insulator attachment and
earthwire clamp or attachment shall be 20mm. The holes diameter
shall be 18mm.
2.1.28.4 Steel Pole Material

Steel pole material shall comply with AS/NZS 3678 and Clause 2.2.2
of AS 4100:1998 or equivalent ASTM standards.
The Charpy V-notch property shall comply with the requirement of
ASCE/SEI 48-11, clause 5.2.1.3.
The designer shall specify one steel grade for the shaft.
The following are specific requirements of material conforming to AS
4100:
Unidentified Steels
All unidentified steel without a full test in accordance with AS 1391
shall be de-rated as per AS 4100:1998, clause 2.2.3.
Page 22 DM# 9359022

Test Certificates
All test certificates shall be issued by an ILAC/NATA Accredited
Laborary.
Product Conformity
The supplier of reinforcement and structural steel materials must be
certified by ACRS (Australasian Standards Certification & Verification
of Reinforcing, Prestressing & Structural Steels) for the supply of
reinforcement and structural steel in accordance with Australian
Standards.
2.1.28.5 Steel Pole Surface Finish

The surface finish shall comply with Clause 8.3 of AS/NZS 7000
unless otherwise specified.
All materials shall either be hot dipped galvanised as per AS/NZS
4680 or coated to meet the durability and component attachment
requirements.
The inside surface of hollow sections shall also be protected against
corrosion by coating, galvanising or concealment.
2.1.28.6 Strength Factor

For material supplied, tested and fabricated in accordance with AS
4100, a strength factor of 0.9 shall be used for the design of the pole
members to account for the variability in material and workmanship
(Clause K2 of AS/NZS 7000:2010). The strength factor for the design
of connections shall be in accordance with Table 3.4 AS 4100:1998.
The designer shall select equivalent reduction factors appropriate for
supply, test and fabrication of materials not in accordance with AS
4100.
2.1.28.7 Steel Pole Joint

The designer shall consider the impact of joint movement on pole
coating and insulation. The number of joints shall be kept to a
minimum.
Bolted Flange Joints:
The flange joints shall be arranged along the outside perimeter of the
pole shaft.
Slip / Internal Sleeved Joints:
Minimum slip length shall be 1.5 times the average joint diameter.
Taper above and below the slip joint shall be the same. The supplier
shall specify overall shaft length tolerance if any for slip jointed pole.
2.1.28.8 Welding
Welding category SP as per AS/NZS 1554.1 shall be used for welded
connection. If the parent steel cannot be identified as weldable and/or
not “pre-qualified” to the structural welding Standard AS/NZS 1554, it
shall be treated as unidentified steel. Refer Section 2.1.28.4. The
designer may specify equivalent International Standard as alternative.
DM# 9359022 Page 23

Full Penetration Butt Weld (FPBW) shall be used to joint two load
bearing members unless the designer can demonstrate that joint
fatigue will not reduce the strength of the structural element.
Longitudinal welding on the pole shaft shall be staggered 120 degree
for welded structures. The number of welded sections shall be kept to
a minimum.
2.1.28.9 Joint Fatigue

Joints, notches, bends and welds subjected to dynamic loadings shall
be checked for fatigue failure. Unbraced gusset plates supporting the
main structure components shall be checked for lateral stability. Joints
shall be detailed to control the impact of high stress concentration.
2.1.29 Concrete Poles

Concrete poles shall comply with Appendix I of AS/NZS 7000 and
AS/NZS 4065.
Concrete poles shall be prestressed. The concrete shaft extreme fibre
shall be in compression under service loads. Cover concrete shall not
crack or spall under bearing stress from attached bolt, crossarm or
coupling loads from insulator and back stays.
The designer shall check for localised tension cracks.
Detailing of concrete poles shall consider thermal expansion and
corrosion of reinforcing bars at sea spray zones and near geothermal
fields.
Caisson foundation and anchor plate designs are not required for
concrete poles.
2.1.30 Other Pole Material

Pole materials other than steel and concrete shall meet the
performance criteria of the equivalent steel poles without jeopardizing
the operational security of the line. If the material fabrication and
design are not fully covered by relevant Australia Standards, the
designer shall provide details of conformance documents and relevant
track records of pole performance in Australia. Alternatively, the
supplier shall demonstrate the pole performance by conducting a full
scale load test.
Composite poles shall be either chemically or mechanically bonded.
The supplier shall specify the type of composite poles offered and
provide the technical specifications including the load deflection
curves.
2.1.31 Design of Pole

The service load on various pole shafts shall be proportional to the
maximum required tip load for each line scenario in Table 1. As a
guide, the following loads can be assumed for first iteration for the
design of the free standing pole shafts.
Page 24 DM# 9359022

Table 6: Design Load on Pole Shaft
Tip Load (kN) Service Load – Damage Load Service Load – Deflection Load
(% of Tip Load) (% of Tip Load)
20 36 16
30 46 18
1
40 65 46
40 51 28
60 60 45
1
80 65 46
80 65 46
120 65 46
2
150 65 50
2
200 70 53
2
300 72 55
2
480 72 55
1 Stay pole (see section 2.1.34)
2 Heavy duty strain and angle steel pole with caisson foundation
The combined actions on both the stayed and unstayed pole including
the buried shaft section shall be checked. A uniform non-cohesive
drained and dry soil layer with following parameters shall be assumed:
Density,γ = 18 kN/m3
Cohesion, c = 0 kPa
Friction Angle, φ = 32°
200 mm of top soil shall be assumed to be loose
The combined action on the buried shaft shall also be checked in semi
rigid ground line situations by assuming a concrete block or concrete
collar with encasement depth of up to 300mm and the width equal to 2
times the pole ground line diameter. Ultimate ground line lateral soil
bearing pressure of up to 100kPa shall be assumed. Rigid ground line
or fix head situation shall be ignored.
The shear force or soil reaction diagram and bending moment diagram
for both the free head and the semi rigid ground line scenario shall be
provided. The Moment-Axial interaction capacity charts shall be
provided for reinforced concrete and composite pole.
The mounting point of insulator and the crossarm shall be designed to
resist ultimate loads including Failure Containment Load, FCL and
Construction Load, CM using the loading files. Localised failure modes
of plate member shall be checked using established theories or
numerical analysis.
The construction loads for lifting lugs and dunnage design shall be at
least 1.5 times the dead load.
Cantilever arm lateral deflection subjected to combined shear and
compression loads shall be in accordance with Section 2.1.32.
DM# 9359022 Page 25

2.1.32 Deflection Limit

The pole deflection limit under serviceability load shall conform to the
requirements stated in Table 7.
Table 7: Pole Serviceability Deflection Limit
Pole Type Loading mode Damage limit Deflection Limit

(500 Pa) (100 Pa)
Steel Pole Moments 3% of pole height above 2% of pole height above
ground as elastic ground as elastic
deformation that impairs deformation under
clearances sustained load.
Compression - Non elastic deformation
(buckling) from L/500 to L/100
All other Permanent or Shall be based on pole Shall be based on pole
types non-permanent material standard or material standard or
load recommended guideline. recommended guideline.
The crossarm deflection limit shall be 20mm per meter cantilever

length under service load.
2.1.33 Stays/Guys
The stays shall be designed in accordance with the AS/NZS
7000:2010 (Clause 10.7 for electrical interface and L5 for foundation)
and ASCE 10-97 (Clause 3.10.5) unless otherwise modified by this
specification.
The strength factor shall be 0.65. The designer shall specify initial stay
installation tension and consider a reduced capacity of the pole
structure in the direction perpendicular to the stay orientation.
The positioning and number of stays shall cater for the intended pole
duty, orientations, clearance and electrical requirements. Maximum
number of stays per pole shall be 6. The stay shall be designed
without any outrigger. The slope of the stay wire shall be within the
range of 45 to 60 degrees from the horizontal plan. The maximum
horizontal extent of stays shall be 30m from the pole center line. All
stays shall be aerial, external of the pole shaft and connected to
ground anchors.
All stays shall be insulated, designed with turnbuckles and connection
mechanisms to facilitate above ground maintenance and replacement.
The stay insulation shall utilise an insulator rated to 132kV. The
insulator shall be positioned 2.4m above ground and below the lowest
conductor attachment point. The turnbuckle shall be placed between
2.4m and 3.4m above ground. The proposed turnbuckle adjustment
length shall match the anticipated combined long term creep of the
stay and anchor movement.
The stay attachment point and supporting members shall cater for all
possible load directions i.e. cases when the stay axial load projection
does not pass through the pole center line. The designer shall specify
the maximum allowable pivot angle (in the horizontal plan, relative to
Page 26 DM# 9359022

the line axis formed by the attachment point and pole center line) of
the stay on the drawing.
The attachment plate thickness and specified minimum edge
distance/radius shall suit commercially available shackle sizes and
ratings. The minimum distance in the direction of component of force
shall also satisfy the requirement of AS 3990:1993, clause 9.6.2.2.
Stay attachment points can be added to the basic pole shaft on an ‘as
required’ basis if it is designed as a separable component of the pole.
The supplier may propose a combined shaft connection and
attachment point system for the various shafts if commercially
beneficial to do so. The stay attachment points on the strain poles
shall cater for a range of line deviation and out of balance longitudinal
loads.
WP stocked stays (refer Appendix C) or alternative proprietary system
proposed by the supplier may be used. The designer shall use the
same pole shaft range for both the free standing and the stayed pole.
A pole rating comparison table shall be developed for a free standing
pole versus the stayed pole with relevant stay options and anchor
details. The designer shall specify the stayed pole ratings (in the
direction of the stay) based on the achievable range of tip loads by
modifying the stay angle. (Note: crossarm or post insulator strength
may limit full utilisation of the pole shaft). The stay and ground anchor
should not fail before the full utilisation of the pole shaft.
2.1.34 Stay Pole

4 sets of 2 stay attachment holes orientated vertically and spaced 150
mm apart shall be provided at the pole tip at both 90° and 270°
bearing near the pole top and 2m below the top. Each pair of stay
attachment holes shall have one diameter 18mm hole and another
diameter 26mm hole below the 18mm hole. The 26mm holes shall be
able to sustain the full tip load in bearing. The maximum bracket plate
thickness shall be 20mm.
The allowable angle between the pole vertical axis and incoming stay
shall be between 30 and 90 degree. The incoming stay shall be
assumed to be fully loaded and can deviate up to +/-5 degree in the
horizontal plan.
The stay pole shall be designed as a free standing monopole structure
without any back stay. All joints, if any, shall be designed for uplift.
Individual stay attachment brackets shall be designed for the
combined load in Table 8 below:
Table 8: Stay Pole Load
Tip Load (kN) Horizontal Load Vertical Load (kN) Stay Horizontal
(kN) Plane Deviation
401 40 -4 to 40 (+ve upward) +/-5°
1
80 80 -4 to 80 (+ve upward) +/-5°
1 Stay pole
The maximum combined load shall be applied to a single attachment

point at any one time. Concurrent loading of two or more stays need
DM# 9359022 Page 27

not to be considered. The pole model attachment points shall be

labeled “A” and “B” for the top attachment brackets at 270° and 90°
bearing respectively, and “C” and “D” for the lower brackets.
Earthing lugs and step touch insulation are not required for the stay
pole.
2.2 Pole Foundations

2.2.1 General
The supplier shall design the base plate and anchor bolts for the
caisson foundation, bearing plate for the direct buried foundation and
specify suitable stay anchor foundation types and the required anchor
ratings.
The supplier is not required to design the pole foundation and bearing
pad size, however provisions shall be made to allow for installation of
the following foundation types:
1. Direct buried foundation where the pole body is embedded into
the ground by using in-situ backfill or imported material e.g.
cement stabilised soil or concrete encasement.
2. Concrete caisson (bored concrete) foundations where the pole is
connected to the foundations using anchor bolts. Caisson
foundation is required for steel poles only.
2.2.2 Materials of Foundation

2.2.2.1 Steel
Steel shall be in accordance with one of the following standards:
1. AS/NZS 3679.1 Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and
sections
2. AS/NZS 3678 Structural steel—Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and
slabs
3. AS 4291.1 Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs - Mechanical properties
of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel
4. AS/NZS 1252 High Strength steel bolts with associated nuts and
washers for structural engineering
5. AS 4671 Steel reinforcing material
6. ASTM A572 / A572M - 12 Standard Specification for High-
Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
2.2.2.2 Concrete
Reinforced concrete properties shall be as per AS 3600.
2.2.2.3 Other Material

Pole material other than steel or concrete shall be designed to meet
performance of an equivalent steel or concrete pole.
Page 28 DM# 9359022

2.2.3 Mounting Points

The designer shall allow for the mounting of shear keys and toe blocks
for all direct buried poles as an option. The mounting points shall be
sleeved with a minimum internal diameter and oriented as follow:
Table 9: Shear key and toe block
Position1 Orientation Min. Sleeve I.D.

800mm below ground level 90°,270° 26mm
1000mm below ground level 0°,180° 26mm
500mm above pole base 0°,180° 26mm
300mm above pole base 90°,270° 26mm
1 Base on maximum embedment depth.
2.2.4 Design of Bearing Plate

The designer shall assume ultimate soil bearing capacity of 200kPa or
25MPa plain concrete bearing pad for both stayed and unstayed direct
buried poles. The bearing plate shall be standardised to suit all loading
conditions.
2.2.5 Embedment Depth

The following foundation embedment depth shall be assumed for
baseplate, pole shaft and joint design:
Table 10: Embedment Depth
Tip Load (kN) Overall Length, A Typical Direct Typical

(m) Buried Depth, B (m) Caisson/Concrete
Encasement Depth,
C (m)
20, 21.5, 23, 24.5, 3.6 or 4.1 N/A
20
27, 29
20, 21.5, 23, 24.5, 4.0 or 4.7 N/A
30
27, 29, 323
401 12.5, 17 4.4 or 5.1 N/A
21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 4.4 or 5.1 4.4
40
29, 32
21.5, 23, 24.5, 27, 4.9 or 5.7 4.9
60
29, 32, 37
801 14, 18.5 5.4 or 6.2 N/A
23, 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 5.4 or 6.2 5.4
80
37
120 24.5, 27, 29, 32, 37 6.2 or 6.7 6.2
1502 20, 26, 31 N/A Specific Design
2
200 20, 26, 31 N/A Specific Design
DM# 9359022 Page 29

Tip Load (kN) Overall Length, A Typical Direct Typical

(m) Buried Depth, B (m) Caisson/Concrete
Encasement Depth,
C (m)
3002 20, 31 N/A Specific Design
2
480 20, 31 N/A Specific Design
1 Stay pole.
2 Heavy duty strain and angle steel pole with caisson foundation.
The overall height specified for the heavy duty pole is the above
ground height.
3 Required for country suspension buckarm only.
For 40kN to 120kN poles supported on caisson foundations, its overall

length in column A shall be reduced by the embedment depth in
column C.
2.2.6 Design of Ground Stay Anchors

The stay anchor shall be designed as per Clause L5 of AS/NZS
7000:2010 with a maximum strength factor of 0.6. The anchor
assembly shall be capable of resisting the imposed ultimate loads.
Reduction in ground anchor rating shall be considered for closely
spaced anchor according to manufacturer specifications. The
maximum number of stays attached to a single anchor shall be 2
provided the angle between the two is less than 15 degrees in the
vertical plan and both were attached to the same shaft.
The supplier shall propose a suitable anchoring system and specify
the required anchor rating. The typical soil condition shall be assumed
to be soft to dense, dry or wet coarse sand layer in coastal or inland of
the SWIN region. Refer Appendix L of AS/NZS 7000.
Selection of anchoring system shall consider ground movement under
sustained loads or creep, ease of installation, lifetime cost and
durability. Ground stay anchors shall have a separate foundation to
the pole shaft. Anchor selection tables shall be supplied.
The ground anchors will move to develop the full passive pressure
wedge. If the amount of post installation creep has not been
specifically determined, a minimum value of 200 mm shall be
assumed.
2.2.7 Design of Anchor Bolt and Baseplate

Anchor Bolt:
Anchor bolt shall be designed as per ASCE/SEI 48-11 with additional
requirements stated below:
1. Strength factor 0.6 shall be considered to determine the diameter
and length of the anchor bolt.
2. The design shall be checked to ensure that the bolts clear the
reinforcement in the pedestal or plinth or base.
Page 30 DM# 9359022

3. The bolt length shall be checked to ensure that the bottom of the
bolt has adequate concrete cover and the top end protrusion is not
more than 1.5 diameter above the locking nut.
4. Anchor bolt and pedestal reinforcement design shall be checked to
ensure that there is adequate development length for each to
transfer the load from the structure or equipment to the concrete.
Concrete compression strength of 35MPa shall be assumed.
5. Bars (bolts) mechanically anchored in concrete with an end plate
at least 10 times the cross-sectional area of the bar shall be
considered as fully anchored (Clause 13.1.3 AS3600:2009).
6. Unprotected anchor bolts shall be sized to take into account the
effects of corrosion.
7. Only un-grouted base plates shall be used. Bolts in un-grouted
base plates (refer to Figure 2) shall be subjected to bending
stresses when the clear distance below the levelling nut is greater
than one and a half bolt diameter and shall be considered to be
bent in reverse curvature.
8. Locking nuts shall be provided. The supplier shall propose anti-
theft nut options for WP consideration. The locking mechanism
shall not damage the thread.
Figure 2: Anchor bolt with un-grouted baseplate (locking device not shown)
Baseplate:
The thickness of the baseplate shall be determined to keep the
combined stress on the baseplate and stiffener within the maximum
yield strength of the plate material as per AS 3678.
A strength factor of 0.9 shall be used (table 3.4 of AS 4100:1998) for
baseplate design.
A minimum diameter 60 mm drain hole per 0.16m2 baseplate area
shall be provided for all caisson foundation with unconcealed shaft.
The positioning of drain hole shall be either at the plate center or 50-
100mm from the shaft internal diameter at opposing corner or all
corners of 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° bearing.
DM# 9359022 Page 31

2.2.8 Constructability
In case of a fully concealed shaft, the uplift of the shaft due to
buoyancy of wet concrete shall be checked and accounted for in the
installation or construction manual.
The dimension of a shaft or section of shaft shall meet relevant
haulage requirements on Western Australian sealed roads.
2.3 Durability
2.3.1 Concrete
The minimum concrete cover as required for the proposed
environment shall be consistent with the required design working life.
In general, the cover to reinforcement shall meet the requirements of
AS 3600.
The designer shall propose solutions for areas with known high acidity
or sulphate content in the soil or ground water. Relevant product
specifications for the proposed solution shall be provided.
Concrete poles located within 5 km of the coast shall meet the
additional durability requirements in AS 3600.
2.3.2 Steel
All steel components shall meet the requirements in AS/NZS 2312
“Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric
corrosion by the use of protective coatings”. The supplier shall provide
relevant product specifications.
2.3.3 Other Material

All components other than concrete and steel shall match the
durability performance of equivalent concrete and steel components.
UV protection may be required on composite CF pole.
2.3.4 Sections buried in the ground

Any structural elements buried in the ground shall satisfy the durability
requirements of AS 2159. As a minimum, any protective coating shall
be 500mm below and above ground.
The following conditions can be taken as aggressive and “Additional
protection” measures shall be employed and specified by the supplier
when:
1. The maximum corrosion rate is greater than 0.1 mm/year for
unprotected steel
2. Soil resistivity is greater than 2000 ohm-cm
3. pH of the soil or ground water is less than 5.0
4. Total sulphates in the soil is greater than 1% or in the water
greater than 2500 ppm
Page 32 DM# 9359022

5. Chlorides in the water greater than 2000 ppm.

In all other cases, the “nominal” durability requirements shall be
satisfactory. The designer shall assume wet soil condition when
designing for corrosion and specifying nomimal coating.
2.4 PLS-POLE Modelling

2.4.1 General Data
The fixity point for a direct buried pole shall be at 30% of buried depth.
The fixity point for a pole with caisson shall be at 5% of buried depth.
The analysis shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 48-11 Standards.
The PLS-POLE model shall be Method 4 loading files compatible.
2.4.2 Setup Preferences

All pole models shall share a single set of component files. A separate
component file will be required for different materials. The same
component item shall not be named differently when merging two files.
2.4.3 Components
Structure components and insulators shall be named logically and
consistently using the following generic convention or its variation:
<shape/item>_<dimension>_<grade/duty/version>_<source>
e.g. CHS_50x4_G350 (Circular Hollow Section Crossarm/Davit)
12S_20m_20kN (12 Sided Pole shaft)
PSI_1.8m_132kV120kN3420mm_Company A
(Porcelain Suspension Insulator)
WP stocked and supplier proposed line post interaction diagram with
or without alternative base bracket, insulator and stay component
information shall be completed by the designer.
The pole drag coefficient shall be specified by the designer.
2.4.4 Geometry
The phase shall be named in accordance with Appendix A and linked
to PLS-CADD using the same convention. Nodal joint 100mm below
pole top for application of tip load shall be labelled Tip.
All attachment points shall match proposed bracket dimensions.
Surface mounted crossarms, braces and stays shall be adjusted using
the pole offset option in general data setup or by using vang or davit
as required to match the structure layout drawings.
The models shall be setup to enable pole shafts and crossarms to be
swapped out for each configuration without the need to change the
joint name or key in relevant attachment geometry. Separate models
DM# 9359022 Page 33

shall be created for all configurations, which include various ratings,

stays or guys and foundation combinations.
2.4.5 Analysis
Pole models analysis shall converge using non-linear analysis without
critical warnings and provide feasible solutions for continuous range of
span and line deviations of intended line scenarios in Section 2.1.8.
The designer shall identify and report to WP if the maximum load
exceeds the highest prescribed shaft rating by more than 20% for
each configuration in Appendix B.
The designer shall check the pole deflection limit and advise WP of
any under utilised shaft (<30% utilisation subjected to the ultimate
load) based on the available pole shaft.
The equivalent modulus of elasticity of concrete and composite
material shall be provided. If the proposed pole load deflection curve
cannot be approximated by the linear elastic model, then its load
deflection curve shall be provided separately.
2.4.6 Backup Model

Backup models shall be named in accordance with Appendix A. Any
modified loading files shall be included in the backup with changes
recorded in an excel spreadsheet. On a separate tab of the same
spreadsheet a list of backup models and their revision dates shall be
included. Whenever a component item name is changed, a revised
backup model of the previously supplied pole models shall be
included. Refer Section 2.4.2.
The supplier shall make available relevant PLS-POLE composite
material dongle as required for evaluations.
Page 34 DM# 9359022

3 Other
3.1 Fabrication
Fabrication shall be in accordance with Section 14 of AS 4100:1998 or
equivalent International Standards.
Individual sections or unassembled components of the pole shall have
suitable identification marks or tags applied before packing. The
identification marks or tags shall allow for normal processes of
unpacking, outdoor storage, repacking, transport and shall have a
consistent convention, and be legible for up to a 12 months period
from fabrication date.
3.2 Prototype Assembly of Poles

Assembly processes of a prototype support for each pole configuration
and duty of selected length shall be witnessed by WP representatives.
The assembled prototype support shall be checked for dimension
fitness, surface finishes and constructability. The supplier shall
produce a valid material test certificate and product conformity
documents.
Western Power may direct changes to the pole details so that the
design conforms to the requirements of the specification and
subsequent amendments, or if the changes improve the performance
at marginal cost, or to suit specific construction methodology.
Undamaged prototype pole can be used as supporting structure.
Support fabrication shall not commence until Western Power has
approved each prototype or waived the prototype requirement in the
contract.
3.3 Manuals
The product handling, installation and maintenance manual (up to 80+
years) shall be provided in a single document and shall ideally contain
pictorial or graphical illustrations.
The product handling manual shall include the pole section marking
convention, relevant transport, packing and stacking information.
Special disposal methods if applicable shall be included.
The installation manual shall include details of the jacking loads,
equipment manifest, construction sequence, temporary braces if
required and address constructability and safety issues.
The maintenance manual shall include a description of the
identification technique or methodology if applicable for common types
of wear and tears, relevant structure life preservation (in some instant
life extension) practices and recommended inspection schedules.
DM# 9359022 Page 35

Instructions for the application of repair kits including personal

protective equipment requirements shall be attached.
3.4 Drawings
The supplier drawings shall include the following:
• Pole hole drilling schedule,
• Pole shaft range,
• Pole weight,
• Pole rating, with and without stays (where applicable)
• Pole top and base diameters,
• Shaft thickness,
• Shaft material grade,
• Surface finish and galvanising options and its specifications,
• Idealised linear elastic deflection rate specified in mm per kN,
• Non-linear deflection curves (where applicable),
• Applicable standards,
• Reinforcement detail if applicable.
• Typical pole layout and cross sections at peak, crossarms, stay
and base options for each configuration.
• Bracket, lug, crossarms, brace, tie, cap, joints, base plate, anchor
bolts and connection details.
• Stay/Guy details: component dimension and ratings, performance
parameters, layout and required anchor types and ratings.
• Packing information per standard container or truck load.
• Fabrication and construction details including pole marking tags.
• Alternative structure or component.
• Drawing list table.
Drawings shall be supplied in editable MicroStation or AutoCAD
electronic file format and PDFs.
3.5 Design Report

The design report shall include the following:
• Endorsement by an Australian Chartered Engineer and the
Designer’s details.
• Summary of relevant Australia Standards versus equivalent
International Standards proposed by the designer.
• Shaft, crossarm, bracket, anchor bolt, base plate and stay design
details.
• Electrical design detail for alternative pole top geometry.
Page 36 DM# 9359022

• Assumptions and exclusions (including any limitations on structure

usage).
• Coating product range and technical details.
• Product information for items other than those in Appendix C. A
complete material list in an editable excel spreadsheet shall be
provided.
• All design details unique to a particular shaft configuration as
shown in Appendix B shall be in separable portion. Note: the
Supplier will be asked to design individual configurations on an ‘as
required’ basis. The design report shall be amended and reissued
as necessary.
DM# 9359022 Page 37

Appendix A. Naming Convention
Page 38 DM# 9359022

Appendix B. Basic Geometry
DM# 9359022 Page 39

Appendix C. Reference Drawings
Page 40 DM# 9359022

Appendix D. Pricing Schedule
DM# 9359022 Page 41

Appendix E. Loading Files
Page 42 DM# 9359022


132kV Standard Pole Design Specification

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132kV Standard Pole Design Specification

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Technical Specification

132kV Standard Pole Design

Original Issue: December 2012

© 2012 Western Power

DM# Title of Document

Other Documents That Reference This Document

DM# Title of Document

Stakeholders (people to be consulted when document is updated)

Position / Branch / Section

DM# 9359022 Page 3

Notification List (people to be notified when document is updated)

Position / Branch / Section

Page 4 DM# 9359022

DM# 9359022 Page 5

2.1.12 Pole Configuration ..............................................................................17

Page 6 DM# 9359022

2.2.2.2 Concrete ....................................................................................28

DM# 9359022 Page 7

1.3 Design Standards

1.4.1 Ahead/Back/Behind Span (PLS-CADD)

1.4.2 Composite (MB) Pole

1.4.3 Composite Fibre (CF) Pole

1.4.5 Davit (PLS-POLE)

1.4.7 Heavy Duty Pole

Page 8 DM# 9359022

1.4.9 Phase (PLS-CADD)

1.4.10 Pole Configuration

1.4.11 Profiling Temperature

1.4.12 Stayed/Guyed Pole

1.4.13 Stay Pole

1.4.14 Strength Factor

1.4.16.2 Strain Structure

1.4.16.3 Suspension Structure

DM# 9359022 Page 9

1.4.16.4 Terminal Structure

1.4.18 Tip Load

1.4.19 Transverse Axis Azimuth (PLS-CADD)

Page 10 DM# 9359022

MinT Minimum Temperature

DM# 9359022 Page 11

2.1 Pole Support

2.1.4 Phase Naming

Page 12 DM# 9359022

2.1.5 Bearing Convention

2.1.6 Design Software

2.1.7 Design Life

2.1.8 Functional Requirements

Area/ Design No. of Conductor Earthwire Profiling

Metro 100m 1 Venus AAC Single Triton AAC 120 °C

Metro 150m 1or 2 Venus AAC Single or Twin Triton 120 °C

Country 250m 1 Lemon ACSR/GZ Single OPGW or 100 °C

Country 250m or 1or 2 Mango ACSR/GZ Single/Twin Lemon 100 °C

DM# 9359022 Page 13

Unless otherwise specified, earthwire sag shall match the conductor

2.1.9 Pole System

2.1.9.2 Multi Pole

2.1.10 Pole Shaft Range

Page 14 DM# 9359022

Suspension structures are not required to be designed for the 120kN,

2.1.10.1 Alternative Pole Shaft Range

2.1.11 Pole geometry

Wind Pressure Country Design Conductor Wind to Weight

DM# 9359022 Page 15

The maximum operating voltage shall be 145kV.