SHS

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
Quarter 4: Week 3 - Module 3
Bronsted Acids and Bases

STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Grade 11 Quarter 3: Week3 - Module 1
First Edition, 2020

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Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
STEM – General Chemistry 2
Grade 11/12 Quarter 4: Week 3 - Module 3: Bronsted Acids and Bases

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Marissa R. Mapalo, TIII

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, EdD, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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 GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
Quarter 4: Week 3 - Module 3
Bronsted Acids and Bases

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 Target

We learned that an Arrhenius acid is any species that can increase the

concentration of H+ in aqueous solution and an Arrhenius base is any species that can

increase the concentration of OH- end superscript in aqueous solution. A major

limitation of Arrhenius theory is that we can only describe acid-base behavior in

water.

In this modue, we'll move on to look at the more general Brønsted-Lowry theory,

which applies to a broader range of chemical reactions.

This module will provide you with information and activities that will help you

understand what is an acid or base based from Bronsted-Lowry Theory, the acid-base

properties of water and how to compute the ph from the concentration of hydrogen ion

or hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define Bronsted acids and bases (STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-153)

2. Discuss the acid-base property of water (STEM_GC11ABIVf-)
3. Calculate ph from the concentration of hydrogen ion or hydroxide ions in
aqueous solutions (STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-156)

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 Jumpstart

Pre-Test Activity 1: Write the letter of the best answer in your answer sheet.

A: Classify the following as Brønsted acids, bases or both. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer.

A. Acid B. Base C. Both

1. H2O

2. OH-

3. NH3

4. NH4+

5. NH2-

B. Identify water as either a Bronsted-Lowry acid or a Bronsted-Lowry base.

1. H2O(ℓ) + NO2−(aq) → HNO2(aq) + OH−(aq)

2. HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(ℓ) → H3O+(aq) + C2H3O2−(aq)

C. Solve the following:

1. What is the pH of a 0.0235 M HCl solution?

2. What is the pOH of a 0.0235 M HCl solution?

3. What is the pH of a 6.50 x 10-3 M KOH solution? (Hint: this is a basic

solution – concentration is of OH - )

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 Discover

In 1923, chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry

independently developed definitions of acids and bases based on the compounds'
abilities to either donate or accept protons (H+H+ ions).

In this theory, acids are defined as proton donors; whereas bases are
defined as proton acceptors. A compound that acts as both a Brønsted- Lowry
acid and base together is called amphoteric.

The Brønsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry theory of acid and bases took the Arrhenius definition one
step further, as a substance no longer needed to be composed of hydrogen (H+)
or hydroxide (OH-) ions in order to be classified as an acid or base.

For example, consider the following chemical equation:

HCl(aq)+NH3(aq)→NH+4(aq)+Cl−(aq)

Here, hydrochloric acid (HCl) "donates" a proton (H+) to ammonia (NH3)

which "accepts" it, forming a positively charged ammonium ion (NH4+) and a
negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-).

Therefore, HCl is a Brønsted-Lowry acid (donates a proton) while the

ammonia is a Brønsted-Lowry base (accepts a proton). Also, Cl- is called
the conjugate base of the acid HCl and NH4+ is called the conjugate acid of
the base NH3.

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 • A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor.

• A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor.

In this theory, an acid is a substance that can release a proton (like in

the Arrhenius theory) and a base is a substance that can accept a proton.
A basic salt, such as Na+F-, generates OH- ions in water by taking protons
from water itself (to make HF):

F−(aq)+H2O(l)⇌HF(aq)+OH−

Acid-Base Property of Water

Water (H2O) is an interesting compound in many respects. Here, we will

consider its ability to behave as an acid or a base.
In some circumstances, a water molecule will accept a proton and thus act
as a Brønsted-Lowry base
. We saw an example in the dissolving of HCl in H2O:
HCl+H2O(ℓ)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)

In other circumstances, a water molecule can donate a proton and thus act
as a Brønsted-Lowry acid.

For example, in the presence of the amide, a water molecule donates

a proton, making ammonia as a product:

H2O(ℓ)+NH−2(aq)→OH−(aq)+NH3(aq)

In this case, NH2− is a Brønsted-Lowry base (the proton acceptor).

So, depending on the circumstances, H2O can act as either a Brønsted-

Lowry acid or a Brønsted-Lowry base.

Water is not the only substance that can react as an acid in some cases or
a base in others, but it is certainly the most common example—and the most
important one.

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 A substance that can either donate or accept a proton, depending on the
circumstances, is called an amphiprotic compound.

A water molecule can act as an acid or a base even in a sample of purewater.

About 6 in every 100 million (6 in 108) water molecules undergo the following
reaction:

H2O(ℓ)+H2O(ℓ)→H3O+(aq)+OH−(aq)

This process is called the autoionization of water and occurs in every sample
of water, whether it is pure or part of a solution. Autoionization occurs to some
extent in any amphiprotic liquid.
(For comparison, liquid ammonia undergoes autoionization as well, but only
about 1 molecule in a million billion (1 in 1015) reacts with another ammonia
molecule.)

Determining and Calculating pH

The Danish scientist Soren Sorenson (1868-1939) proposed in 1909 the pH
scale, a system used for expressing the hydrogen-ion concentration (H+) of any
substance.

On the pH scale, neutral solutions have pH of 7.0. A ph of) is strongly acidic,

while a pH of 14 is strongly basic.
The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen concentration.

pH= -log [H+]

In a neutral solution, [ H+] = 1.0x10-7 mol/L

The pH of a neutral solution is 7

pH = -log (1.0 x 10-7 mol/L)

= - (log 1.0 + log 10-7)

= - [(0.0 + (-7)]

= 7.0

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 All pH calculations should express in scientific notation. For example, you
rewrite a hydrogen-ion concentration of 0.01 M as 1 x 10-2 M. The pH of this
solution is 2.0.
A solution with a pH of 2.0 is acidic.
Similarly, the pOH of a solution equals the negative logarithm of the
hydroxide-ion concentration.

pOH = -log [OH-]

A neutral solution has a pOH of 7.0. A solution with pOH less than 7.0 is
basic.

A solution with a pOH greater than 7.0 is acidic. A simple relationship

between pH and pOH makes it easy to find either pH or pOH when the other is
known.

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 – pOH

pOH = 14- pH

Explore

A: Calculate the pH and the pOH of a solution

1. What is the pH of a 0.0235 M HCl solution?

2. What is the pH of a 6.2 x 10-5 M NaOH solution?

3. What is the pOH of a 7.2 x 10-8 M blood sample

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 Deepen

Homemade Indicator
I: Objective: To make a homemade indicator out of common plants found in the
Household
II: Materials
• Plant Material Containing Anthocyanins (red cabbage, blueberries or
blackberries, and purple grape juice, kamote tops, onion skins,
mayana leaves/dara dara)
• Lemon Juice, Vinegar, and Baking Soda Solution (known acids and
bases for testing)
• Light-Colored Liquids (unknowns for testing)
• Vegetable Peeler
• Grater
• Fork
• Strainer or Colander
• Small Cups or Beakers (to hold prepared indicators and solutions
for testing) (jelly ace cups, small plastic cups,)
• Small Pan
• Stove
• Disposable Pipets or Medicine Droppers

III: Procedure

1. If performing the activity at home, clean the space to be used for the

activity with household surface cleaner.

2. Prepare the indicator solutions.

3. Add about ¼ cup of grated red cabbage/mayana/onion skin/kamote
tops to 2 cups of water in a small pan.
4. Heat the water to a boil until the water turns purple.
5. Strain the solution to remove any plant residue.

6. Place a few milliliters of a known acid in a small cup or beaker.

7. Add 1 or 2 drops of one of the prepared indicators.

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 8. Record any color changes.

9. Repeat the process using each of the indicators and known acids and
bases to determine the color changes for the prepared indicators in the
presence of acids and bases.

10. Place a few milliliters of a liquid with an unknown pH, such as a light-
colored soft drink, in a small cup or beaker.

11. Add 1 or 2 drops of one of the prepared indicators to the solution.

12. Record any color changes.

IV: Guide Questions:

1. What happen to the color of the solution when added

to an acid solution?

Base solution?

2. How can you define an indicator?

3. Why is it importance to understand the difference of an acid and base

solution? What benefits does it brings to us in our daily lives?

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 Gauge

A: Direction: Select the letter of the correct answers.

1. Who developed definitions of acids and bases based on the compounds'

abilities to either donate or accept protons (H+H+ ions)?
A. Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted
B. Gilbert Newton Lewis
C. Svante Arrhenius
D. Thomas Marcus Highry

2. Arrhenius acid is any species that can increase the concentration of H+ in

aqueous solution
A. True B. False C. Maybe

3. Which of the following is CORRECT on the following statement?

I. In Bronsted-Lowry acids are defined as proton acceptors.
II. In Bronsted-Lowry acids are defined as proton donors
III. A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. II and III

4. In the equation below;

Which compound is considered as the conjugate base?

A. C2H5NH2 B. C2H5NH+3
C. H2O D. OH-
5. Which compound is considered as the conjugate acid?
A. C2H5NH2 B. H2O
C. C2H5NH+3 D. OH-
B: Complete the table below: Calculate the values of both the pH and the pOH of
the following solutions
pH pOH
1. 0.0050 M NaOH
2. 0.020 M NaCl
3. 0.00035 M KOH

C: Determine the Conjugate base of the following acids?

1. HCIO4
2. H2O
3. HCN
4. NH4+

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References:

Mendoza, E.E. 2007 (Chemistry). Phoenix Publishing House. Quezon City

http://butane.chem.illinois.edu/cyerkes/104_s_12/worksheets/Worksheet%2020
%20answers.pdf
http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/cyerkes/Chem102AEFa07/worksheets/Worksheet%
2020.pdf
https://d39smchmfovhlz.cloudfront.net/2EtWc72labYZ2gKVd7DsBghqtTnrajyLCL
vsKLdLCNjHmrdi.pdf
https://www.houstonisd.org/cms/lib2/TX01001591/Centricity/Domain/12746/p
ractice%20test%20acids%20and%20bases2.pdf
https://hs.pequannock.org/ourpages/auto/2013/6/5/44856967/bronsted_lowry_
acids_bases_KEY.pdf
http://msschmidly.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/2/0/26201624/bronsted-
lowry_acids_and_bases answers.pdf
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Tex
tbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_
and_Bases/Acid/Bronsted_Concept_of_Acids_and_Bases
https://www.ccri.edu/chemistry/courses/chem_1100/terezakis/notes/Chapter_1
5_Lecture_Notes.pdf
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry/acids-and-bases-ap/acids-
bases-and-ph-ap/a/bronsted-lowry-acid-base-theory
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Tex
tbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_
and_Bases/Acids_and_Bases_in_Aqueous_Solutions/The_pH_Scale/Determining_a
nd_Calculating_pH

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_The_
Basics_of_GOB_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/10%3A_Acids_and_Bases/10.03%3A_Water
_-_Both_an_Acid_and_a_Base
https://www.everettcc.edu/files/programs/academic-resources/transitional-
studies/support/tutoring-center/chemistry/w335-ph-worksheet-3.pdf
https://www.gpb.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/phcalculationswkst.pdf
https://www.ccri.edu/chemistry/courses/chem_1100/terezakis/notes/Chapter_1
5_Lecture_Notes.pdf

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