RCC framed Buildings

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 Contents
 Damaging components of RCC
building.

 Defficiency of RCC buildings

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 Why damage occures?
 Lack of Lack of Strength
Lack of Ductility
Design Deficiency
–Strength Improper Design
(Failure to understand failure mechanism)
–Ductility Improper Planning & Calculation

 How to identify
– l8hfOgdf ck"0f{tf
– lgdf{0fdf ck"0f{tf Lack of Proper Detailing
Lack of Quality Assurance

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;dfg gfksf] j:t' sf] Ifdtf km/s x'g ;S5

b'a} tTj ;dfg gfksf eP klg dha"tL tyf s7f]/tf eg] leGg 5g\
Different Stiffness – Different Strength
Square Section Column – Good Stiffness- Increasing Strength

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 nrstf (Ductility)
nrstfM j:t'sf] Ps u'0f, h; cg';f/ h'g 7]Ug ;Sg]
eGbf jl9 zlQm nufPdf ef+lrg cufl8 tlGsG5 Mh:t}
kmnfd

nrstfM gePsf] j:t'df

7]Ug ;Sg] eGbf jl9 zlQm
nufPdf ljgf tGsfO{
ef+lrG5 Mh:t} l;;f
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 9nfg 3/sf] eTsfO

vDaf / blngsf] hf]gL{ dha"t x'g g;Sbf cfsl:ds ?kdf hf]gL{ eTs]sf]
•Strengthening Beam- Column joint
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 blng / vDafsf] ck"0f{ hf]gL{

sf/0f c;/
Deficient detailing of reinforcing bars at beam-column joint
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 808Lsf] a+UofO (Bar buckling)

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 58 a+fluPsf] sf/0f Iflt M u'0f:t/ <

9 Spacing of the stirrups – 11 inch (very large)

 unt 7fp+df uf+l;Psf] 808L

Inappropriate
10 lapping position & large spacing of lateral ties
 xfd|f] cg'ej s] 5 <

7f8f] 808Lsf] ckof{Kt nDafO

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 k/tbf/ eTsfO (Pancake Damage)

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 l/+ux? aLrsf] b"/L

 nDafO{ tkm{sf] jf 7f8f] 58x? hlQs} l/+ux? klg dxTjk"0f{ 5g\

 s+lqm6sf] u'0f:t/n] klg vDafsf] dha"tLdf km/s kf5{
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 xfd|f] cg'ej s] xf] <

l/+ux?sf] aLrdf w]/} b"/L

s+lqm6sf] Go"g u'0f:t/

Lateral ties spaced – 11” c/c

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 808Lsf] lg/Gt/tf vf]O <

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 vDafsf] sdhf]/ c+s'z

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 l/+ux?aLr b"/Lsf] l;kmfl/;
Two legged lateral ties - spaced at a
distance of 4 inch c/c – at least from 2
feet up and down of beam-column
joint in a column.

In between the two joints, the spacing

could be at a distance of 6 inches c/c
but for simplicity and safety, the
spacing could be recommended at a
distance of 4 inch c/c throughout the
column height.

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 k|rng M vK6\ofO / l/+ux?
Lapping – at one level – Not correct

Cause difficulty in compaction of concreting

works – resulting honey comb – increase risk

Lateral ties – 4” c/c – lapping length

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 vDafdf 808L vK6\ofpg] tl/sf
Ps 7fp+df %) k|ltzt
eGbf sd 808L dfq
vK6\ofpg]

vlK6g] nDafO{ kof{Kt

/fVg]

prfOsf] aLrlt/
kfg]{

vlK6Psf] efudf l/+ux?

emg glhs} /fVg]

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 l/+usf] agf]6

!#%)

o;/L tof/ ul/Psf] l/+un] 7"n} em6\sf klg y]Ug ;S5,

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 vDafsf] lj:tfl/t :j?k
beam
hf]gL{sf] prfO{ : D, hc /6 jf ^)) ld=ld=
dWo] clwstd
60Ø
60Ø

hf]gL{ If]qdf l/+usf] b"/L: < D/4

2'-0"

t/ &% ld=ld= jf ;f] eGbf a9L / !))

ld=ld= jf ;f] eGbf sd

808L vlK6g] efudf l/+usf] b"/L :

X

< D/2 t/ !)) ld=ld= jf ;f] eGbf sd

2'-0"

tie beam

afsL 7fp+df l/+usf] b"/L : < D/2

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 blngdf s}r
+ L k|efj (Shear failure of beam)

Shear failure - brittle – avoided in the design of RC beams

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 blngdf c+s'zsf] ckof{Kttf

23 Anchorage failure of beam

 hf]gL{df s}+rL k|efjn] Iflt

NSET/PK

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Column width – at least 20 times the diameter
of largest beam bar.
ljd/sf]nd hf]gL{sf] l86]lnª

ljd lkn/sf]
hf]gL{df 808L
/fVg] tl/sf
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 blng / vDafsf] hf]gL{

Column

Beam

vDafdf
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blngsf] 808Lsf] c+s'z
 blng / vDafsf] leqL hf]gL{

1'-0"

1 1/2" 9" 1 1/2"

1 1/2"
1'-0"
9"

9"
1 1/2"
BEAM
COLUMN

BEAM & COLUMN JUNCTION DETAIL PLAN

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12"X12" COLUMN
ljdsf] 808L uf‘:g] tl/sf

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ljdsf] l/Ë uf‘:g] tl/sf

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 sf]dn tNnf

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 9nfg k|md
] df sf]dn tNnfsf] k|efj

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 sf]dn tNnfsf] Iflt
drift drift

normal Soft story

Brick infill

Weak
columns

Open floor Open floor

33 Ground shaking Ground shaking

 5f]6f] vDaf k|efj (Short Column Effect)

Short Column: Attracts larger horizontal force

Tall Column: Attracts smaller horizontal force

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 5f]6f] vDaf k|efj

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 5f]6f] vDaf k|efj

5f]6f] vDaf k|efj sd ug]{ pkfo M

glhs glhs} af+lwPsf l/+ux/ k"/f
prfOel/ / dflyNnf] tNnfdf klg kg]{
u/L yKg]

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 zLtn hf]gL{ (Cold Joint)

Improper bonding between new & old concrete

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 zLtn hf]gL{

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 s}r
+ L uf+7f]
To provide the shear key a
piece of wood is placed on the
top of the column immediately
after column casting is
completed. Then it is removed
after one day.

zLtn hf]gL{ k|efj 36fpg

s}r
+ L uf+7f] k|of]u ug]{
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 el/Psf] uf/f]

Out of plane failure of infill wall

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uf/f]df lnG6n / l;n Aof08sf] k|of]u

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 el/Psf] uf/f]df nufpg] k6\6Lx?
1'-1"

3"6"1'-1"
A
B B

A
9"

4'-6"

3"
A

3"
SECTION AT A-A

2'-9"
A

ELEVATION OF WALL

1'-7 1/2" 4 1/2"

4 1/2" 1'-7 1/2"
9"

9"

1'-0"

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 uf/f]sf] ufF;

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 uf/f]sf] ufF;

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 sf}zL uf/f]sf] ufF;

9"

4'-0"

3'-0"

9"
C C
3"
5"

1'-0"

9"

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cGo ljifox?
 s';L{ blngsf] cefj (Plinth tie beam)

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 sf7 xf] ls 9nfg <(Wrong Construction Practice)

Two beams – different direction – two

different levels

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 lgdf{0fsf] unt tl/sf

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 xfd|f] cg'ej s] xf] <
Casting beam and slab separately
doesn’t make the structure
monolithic and hence beam and
slab acts as separate units during
earthquake shaking which is
undesirable

e'O+ / blng Ps;fy 9nfg ug]{

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 s+lqm6sf] u'0f:t/

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 Ifltu|:t e¥ofË

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e¥ofËdf 808L /fVg] tl/sf

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 hudf blng
husf] txdf vDafx?nfO{
blngn] hf]8\bf M

 vDafx?aLr x'g] ;fk]lIfs

t];f]{ rfnaf6 hf]luG5
 vDaf cf+lzs ?kdf w+;s ] f]
k|efjnfO{ lgoGq0f u5{

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hudf 6fOljd

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;f+w hf]l8Psf] lkn/df hu /fVg] tl/sf

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 s';L{ uf/f] / s';L{ blng
 ;a} s';L{ blngx? s';L{ uf/f]dfly
kg]{ u/L lgdf{0f ug'{k5{
 s';L{ uf/f]sf] hldg d'lgsf] ulx/fO{
$%) ld=ld= jf !=% lkm6 jf
cfjZostf cg';f/
 s';L{sf] prfO – $%) ld=ld= jf
!=% lkm6 jf cfjZostf cg';f/

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 ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf
– hudf blng

– blng / vDafsf] hf]gL{

– 808L sf6\g] / uf+:g] :yfg

– l/+u / To;aLrsf] b"/L

– gof+ / k'/fgf] lgdf{0fsf] hf]8

– u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
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