ELECTROPHYSICAL

THERAPY 2

Dr Kamran Ezzati, PT , PhD 04/14/2023 1

 ‫ منبع معتبر در زمينه الکتروتراپي شامل‬7 ‫برگرفته شده از‬
1. Watson T. Electrotherapy, Evidence-Based Practice.2008;12ed, (Clayton’s
electrotherapy) (E)
2. Michlovitz S. Thermal Agents in Rehabilitation. 1999;2ed, (TA)
3. Nelson R, Hayes K and Currier D. Clinical Electrotherapy. 1999;3ed, (CE)
4. Low J & Reed A. Electrotherapy Explained: Principles &Practice,
2005;4ed, (EE)
5. Cameron M. Physical Agents in Rehabilitation. From research to
practice. 2009;3ed. (Ph.A)
6. Belanger A. Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents-Evidence Based Practice.
2010;2ed.(TEA)
7. Knight K & Draper D. Therapeutic Modalities. The Art & Sciences. 2008;

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Electrical Terminology
 OHM’S LAW: Impedance: The resistance to an alternating
current. Impedance is noted by Z and is measured in ohms (Ω).
V= R*A
•Impedance
Resistor+ Capacitor+ Inductor

 Resistor: oppose the flow of ES

 Capacitor: storing ES
 Inductor: coil capable of oppose the flow of ES

 Reactance: difference bet. Capacitor and Inductor

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‫‪Electrical Terminology‬‬
‫‪‬‬‫‪Constant Current-CC‬‬
‫‪Same amplitude regardless of changes in impedance.‬‬
‫‪ ‬وقتي اندازه الکترود يا فشار بين الکترود وپوست کم شود‪ ،‬افزايش ناگهاني تمرکز جريان به‬
‫وجود مي آيد که مي تواند باعث سوختگي الکتريکي شود‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Constant Voltage‬‬

‫‪ ‬وقتي اندازه الکترود کاهش مي يابد يا سطح تماس بين الکترود و پوست کم مي شود‪،‬‬
‫جريان به طور اتوماتيک کاهش مي يابد‪.‬‬

‫‪Dr Kamran Ezzati, PT , PhD‬‬ ‫‪04/14/2023‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

Pulsed DC & AC
Currents

Current
Waveform
Monophasic
Biphasic (Sym/Asymm or
Balanced/Unbalanced)

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 Phase & Pulse
duration
 Interphase & Inter

pulse duration
 Burst & Interburst

duration
 Beat & Interbeat

duration

Frequenc
y
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 Beat &
Interbeat duration

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Burst &
Interburst duration

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 Phase rise time

 Phase decay time

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 Current Amplitude
1. Peak Amplitude
2. Peak to peak amplitude
3. Average
Amplitude(Monophasic)
4. Root Mean Square
• Biphasic
• Squaring the amp. of
each phase then mean
value then square root
of mean value.
• Arms= Pulsed Arms *
PD/total time

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‫نحوه محاسبه شدت جريان متوسط يا(‪ )A avg‬را براي يک جريان ‪DC‬‬
‫پالس يا جريان مونوفازيک‬

‫‪A avg = A peak * Pulse duration/ Period ‬‬

‫‪Dr Kamran Ezzati, PT , PhD‬‬ ‫‪04/14/2023‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫نحوه محاسبه شدت جريان ‪ A RMS‬را براي يک جريان دو‬
‫فازی (‪ 4‬مرحله)‬
‫‪ -1 ‬شدت جريان هر فاز به توان ‪ 2‬مي رسد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2 ‬ميانگين از جمع مقادير هر فاز گرفته مي شود‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3 ‬جذر گرفته مي شود‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4 ‬از فرمول شدت جريان متوسط استفاده می گردد‪.‬‬

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