2017-2018

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TRANSFORMER
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Supervised by: - Submitted by:-
Mr. Ajay Gehlot Nagender Singh

PGT, Physics Class :- XII ‘A’

Army Public School, Jodhpur Army Public School, Jodhpur

 Certificate
This is to certify that Nagender
Singh, a student of class XII-A has
successfully completed the research
on Study of different types of
transformers the under the guidance
of Dr. Ajay Gehlot (School Teacher)
during the year 2017-18 in partial
fulfilment of Physics practical
examination conducted CBSE Board,
New Delhi.

Signature of the external examiner

Signature of the Physics teacher
 Acknowledgement
In the accomplishment of this project successfully
many people have best owned upon me as their
blessing and the heart pledged support, this time
I am utilizing to thank all the people who have
been concerned with project.
Primarily I would like to thank god for being
able to complete this project with success. Then I
would like to thank my Physics teacher Dr. Ajay
Gehlot Sir whose valuable guidance has been the
ones that helped me patch this project and make
it full proof success his suggestions and
instructions has served as the major
contribution. Then I would like to thanks my
Parents and Friends who have helped me with
their valuable suggestions and guidance have
been helpful in the various phases of the
completion of this project. Last I would like to
thank Myself for my determination and hard
work required for the completion in this project.
 Index
1. Certificate of Excellence
2. Acknowledgement
3. Aim of the project
4. Theory
5. Material required
6. Procedure
7. Conclusion
8. Precautions
9. Bibliography
 Objective
The objective of this
experiment is to Study the
Different Types of
Transformers
 Theory
The transformer is a device used to
convert a low alternating voltage to a high
alternating voltage or vice versa. It is
based on the principal of mutual
induction. A transformer which increases
the voltage is called a step up transformer
and which decreases the voltage is called
a step down transformer.When an
alternating e.m.f is supplied to the primary
coil, an alternating current starts flowing
in it. The alternating current produces a
changing magnetic flux, which induces
alternating voltage.
Let,
 Ep and Esare the instantaneous values of
the E.M.F induced in primary and secondary
coil.

 Np and Nsare the no. of turns in

primary and secondary coil.

 d/dt=rate of change of flux in each

turn.

Therefore,
Ep = - Np(d /dt)  .……(1)
Es = - Ns(d /dt)
 ……(2)
1. If there is no leakage of flux
 By dividing Eq (2) by Eq (1), we have
Es/ Ep= Ns/ Np.…… (3)
2. If there is no power loss
Pp= Ps
E p x Ip = E s x I s
Es / Ep = Ip/ Is ………(4)
Hence,



Step Up Transformer
Current in secondary is weaker when secondary
voltage is higher.Hence, whatever we gain in
voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A
step up transformer actually steps down the
current and step up voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns> Np and Es >Ep

Step Down Transformer

Current in secondary is weaker when secondary

voltage is higher. Hence, whatever we gain in
voltage, we lose in current in the same ratio. A
step down transformer actually steps up the
current and step down voltage. In this type of
transformer:-

Ns< Np and E s < Ep

 Efficiency
Efficiency of a transformer is defined as
the ratio of output power to the input
power. For an ideal transformer, its value
is 1.
But in practical due to different kind of
energy loss,
Circuit Diagram
 Energy Loss
1. Copper loss: -It is energy loss in the form
of heat in the copper coils of a transformer.
This is due to joule heating of conducting
wires.
2. Iron loss: -It is the loss in the form of
heat in the iron ore of transformer. This is due
to formation of eddy current in iron core, it is
minimised by using laminated core.

3. Leakage of magnetic flux: -It occur

inspite of best insulation. Rate of change of
magnetic flux linked with each turn of
secondary coil is less than rate of change in
magnetic flux linked with each turn of primary
coil.
4. Hysteresis Loss: -It is loss of energy
due to repeated magnetization and
demagnetization of the iron core.

Material Required
1. Iron

2. Copper wire

3. Voltmeter
4. Ammeter

Procedure
 Step Down
Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with
thick paper and wind a 100 turns of
copper wire on it. This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.
 2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of
paper and wound 50 turns of copper
wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output
voltage of the transformer.

 Step Up Transformer
1. Take a thick iron rode and cover it with
thick paper and wind a 50 turns of
copper wire on it. This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.
2. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of
paper and wound 100 turns of copper
wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil.
3. Now measure the input and output
voltage of the transformer.
 Conclusion
1. The output voltage of the
transformer depend the ratio of the no.
of turns in primary coil to no. of turns
in secondary coil.
2. On increase in no. of turns of
primary coil the current the output
current also increase.

Precautions
1. Keep yourself safe from high
voltage.
2. Minimise the formation of eddy
current.
3. While taking reading the current and
voltage of the primary coil should
remain constant.

Bibliography
1. Help From Internet

2. Help From Teacher

3. Help From Library