GUJARATTECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

Chandkheda,Ahmedabad
Affiliated

ShantilalShah Engineering
College,Bhavnagar
A
ProjectReportOn

Hydrologic Bridge
Undersubjectof
DESIGN ENGINEERING–2 B
B.E.Semester-VI(CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Submittedby Group:

Sr. Nameofstudent EnrollmentNo.

1 Kalasariya Harsh P. 190430106059
2 Kanara Sandip K. 190430106061
3 Pathak Rahul B. 190430106108
4 Vishvash Rukwal 190430106157
5 Jamwal Sachin 190430106159

Mr. H.K. Sarvaiya Mr. V.M. PATEL

(FacultyGuide) (H.O.D)

Academicyear
(2021-2022)
 5.5.E.C. Bhavnagar

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, BHAVNAGAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. KANARA SANDIP KARANBHAI of

Bachelors of Engineering of
semester 6’A having Enrolment no,190430I19027 Student of
CIVIL ENGINEERING has
satisfactorily completed detail project report of ”DETAIL
STUDY ABOUT HYDRULIC BRIDGE“ during
the academic year 2021-22 This project work has been carried out
by them in group (05 Person) under
guidance of Asst.Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA

Date of Submission: „/ „/,,,,

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 5.5.E.C. Bhavnagar

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, BHAVNAGAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. KALSARIYA HARSH

PARSOTTAMBHAI of Bachelors of Engineering of
semester 6’H having Enrolment no,190430I19027 Student of
CIVIL ENGINEERING has
satisfactorily completed detail project report of ” DETAIL
STUDY ABOUT HYDRULIC BRIDGE “ during
the academic year 2021-22 This project work has been carried out
by them in group (05 Person) under
guidance of Asst.Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA

Date of Submission: „/ „/,,,,

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, BHAVNAGAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. PATHAK RAHULBHAVESHBHAI of

Bachelors of Engineering of
semester 6’H having Enrolment no,190430I19027 Student of
CIVIL ENGINEERING has
satisfactorily completed detail project report of ” DETAIL
STUDY ABOUT HYDRULIC BRIDGE “ during
the academic year 2021-22 This project work has been carried out
by them in group (05 Person) under
guidance of Asst.Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA

Date of Submission: „/ „/,,,,

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, BHAVNAGAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. VISHWASH RUKWAL of Bachelors

of Engineering of
semester 6’H having Enrolment no,190430I19027 Student of
CIVIL ENGINEERING has
satisfactorily completed detail project report of ” DETAIL
STUDY ABOUT HYDRULIC BRIDGE “ during
the academic year 2021-22 This project work has been carried out
by them in group (05 Person) under
guidance of Asst.Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA

Date of Submission: „/ „/,,,,

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING

COLLEGE, BHAVNAGAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. SACHIN JAMWAL of Bachelors of

Engineering of
semester 6’H having Enrolment no,190430I19027 Student of
CIVIL ENGINEERING has
satisfactorily completed detail project report of ” DETAIL
STUDY ABOUT HYDRULIC BRIDGE “ during
the academic year 2021-22 This project work has been carried out
by them in group (05 Person) under
guidance of Asst.Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA

Date of Submission: „/ „/,,,,

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

INDEX

TITLE:

1 INTRODUCTION
2.LITERATURE STUDY
3. AEIOU
4. IDEATION CANVAS
5. PRODUCT DEVELOPEMENT CANVAS
6. EMPATHY MAPPING
7. MIND MAPPING
8. PROTOTYPE
9. LEARNINGS NEEDS MATRIX
10.CONCLUSION
11.REFERENCE
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

 DECLARATION.

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Minor Project Report
entitled “HYDRAULIC BRIDGE” In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
Bachelor in Technology in Civil Engineering and submitted to Civil Engineering
Department Of SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLAGE and Applied
Research, at bhavnagar is an authentic record of our work carried out during a period
from September – October under the supervision of prof. H.K SARVAIYA

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates are correct to the
best of my knowledge.

Faculty Guide
Asst.Prof,Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

INTRODUCTION.

First of all we would like to thank our project guide Mr.H.K.SARVAIYA Assistant
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SSEC of Engineering and Applied Research
who has given valuable support during the course of our project by clarifying our
doubts and guiding us with his novel ideas.

We would like to thank Prof. H.K. SARVAIYA, Head of Department, Civil

Engineering, SSEC School of Engineering and Applied Research.

We extend our sincere thanks to all teaching staff of Civil Engineering Department,
those who helped us in completing this project successfully.

Lastly we also thank the people who directly or indirectly gave us encouragement and
support throughout the project.
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

METHOD.

 The bridge is chiefly appropriate for bridges which inherently distributes

their forces in a lateral/horizontal direction at the supports at the reactions.
This includes bridges based on the arch, such as bowstring arch bridges. At
the midpoint of the arch there is a pinned connection, essentially making it a
three hinged arch to spread out, the end of the members house a hydraulic
piston. This piston is held in place via a pined connection so it can slide into
the shaft easily.
 As the hydraulic fluid is pushed under pressure, the fluid travels through
pipes eventually leading to a vertical shaft leading to the mid-span of the
bridge. Figure 2 shows details on the roller pin support and the O-rings of the
piston.
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

MATERIAL.

1.CEMENT.
2.CONCRETE.
3.CABLE.
4.SAND.
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

PROCESS.

The bridge is chiefly appropriate for bridges which inherently

distributes their forces in a lateral/horizontal direction at the
supports at the reactions. This includes bridges based on the arch,
such as bowstring arch bridges. At the midpoint of the arch there is
a pinned connection, essentially making it a three hinged arch (two
at the supports). This implies any loading will cause
the arch to spread out and this is taken advantage by
the hydraulic system
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

APPLICATION.

HYDRAULIC ASSISTED BRIDGE

 Hydraulically Assisted Bridges also abbreviated to HAB is a new concept into

bridge design which incorporates an integrated hydraulic system into the
bridge in order to carry more weight. The system is most suitable for arch
based bridges in which the main forces are directed in a horizontal sideways
direction.

 The hydraulic system is integrated into the main load bearing members of
the bridge can be minimally controlled by computers; however if calibrated
and constructed accurately, the system has the possibility for non-electronic
autonomic self-adjustment which entails low maintenance cost and a reduced
safety risk in an event of an electrical malfunction.

• Incorporates an integrated hydraulic system into the bridge in order to carry more
weight

• Suitable for arch based bridges

 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

LITERATURE STUDY.

HYDRAULIC Hydraulics

 Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering,

chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and
use of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid
version of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical
foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering
using the properties of fluids. In fluid power, hydraulics are used for the
generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of
pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some parts of
science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as
pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps. The
principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the human body within
the heart and the male erection.[3][4] Free surface hydraulics is the
branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in
rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries and seas. Its sub-field open channel flow
studies the flow in open channels


 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

HYDRAULIC MACHINES.

 Hydraulic machines are machinery and tools that use liquid fluid power
to do simple work. Heavy equipment is a common example. In this type
of machine, hydraulic fluid is transmitted throughout the machine to
various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders and becomes
pressurised according to the resistance present. The fluid is controlled
directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through
hoses and tubes. The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the
very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes
and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of
actuators that can make use of this power. Hydraulic machinery is
operated by the use of hydraulics, where a liquid is the powering
medium.
 S.S.E.C. Bhavnagar

Pamban Bridge .
 Pamban Bridge .

Pamban Bridge is a railway bridge which connects the town of Mandapam in mainland
India with Pamban Island, and Rameswaram. Opened on 24 February 1914,[1] it was
India's first sea bridge, and was the longest sea bridge in India until the opening of
the Bandra-Worli Sea Link in 2010. The rail bridge is, for the most part, a conventional
bridge resting on concrete piers, but has a double-leaf bascule section midway, which
can be raised to let ships and barges pass through. Until 1988, the Pamban bridge was
the only surface transport that connected Tamil Nadu's island of Rameswaram to the
mainland. In December 2018, the bascule of this bridge was damaged, which suspended
transportation on the bridge for 3 months. Rail movement was again restored on 27
February 2019.

In 1988, a road bridge was also constructed parallel to the rail bridge. This road bridge
is also known as Annai Indira Gandhi Road Bridge. The Annai Indira Gandhi Road
Bridge connects the National Highway (NH 49) with the Rameswaram island. It stands
on the Palk Strait and between the shores of Mandapam (a place on the Indian
mainland) and Pamban (one of the fishermen town in Rameswaram island). It was
inaugurated by former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi on 2 October 1988.[2] This
2.345 km long bridge took close to 14 years to be completed.
History[edit]
This bridge was built in 1914 to connect Rameshwaram Island with
mainland India.[3]

Location[edit]
The Pamban railway bridge spans a 2.06 km[4] wide strait between the
Indian mainland and Rameswaram Island. The mainland end of the bridge
is located at 9°16′56.70″N 79°11′20.12″E. The bridge is located in a
corrosive marine environment, making its maintenance a challenging job.
The location is also a cyclone-prone high wind velocity zone.[5]

Design[edit]

Lifting spans allow small ships to pass through

The railway bridge is located 12.5 metres (41 ft) above sea level and is
6,776 ft (2,065 m) long.[5] The bridge consists of 143 piers and has a double-
leaf bascule section with a Scherzer rolling type lift span that can be raised
to let ships pass. Each half of the lifting span weighs 415 tonnes (457 tons).
[6]
 The two leaves of the bridge are opened manually using levers.[5]

Planning and construction[edit]

Plans for a bridge to connect to mainland was suggested in 1870[4] as the
British Administration sought ways to increase trade with Ceylon.[7] The
construction began in August 1911 and was opened on 24 February 1914.
[8]
 The adjacent road bridge was opened in 1988.[7] As of 5 December 2018,
the bridge was closed due to a crack in the bridge and the maintenance
work is going on.[9] The Indian Railway Minister Piyush Goyal announced
that a new railway bridge will be constructed near the old Pamban Bridge
at a cost of ₹250 crores.[10] This new dual track bridge is planned to be
constructed in automotive mode, allowing two ships to pass this bridge at
the same time.
Maintenance[edit]
The bridge was damaged during the 1964 Rameswaram cyclone and required repair
work.[11] Strengthening work was carried out on the bridge under the supervision of E.
Sreedharan in 2009 to enable it to carry goods trains.[12][13] On 13 January 2013, the
bridge required repair work to the piers after suffering minor damage from a naval
barge.[14][15] In 2016, the Ministry of Railways sanctioned ₹25 crore (US$3.3 million) to
replace the existing 65.23 metres (214.0 ft) long rolling type span with a 66 metres
(217 ft) long single truss span which could be opened automatically.[16] All train
movement was stopped from 5 December 2018 when a fissure was noticed on 4
December 2018.[17]
Rail movement on the bridge is restored as of 10 March 2019.

Railway
 Supports.

As the load causes the three hinged arch to spread out, the end
of the members house a hydraulic piston. This piston is held in
place via a pined connection so it can slide into the shaft easily. As
the hydraulic fluid is pushed under pressure, the fluid travels
through pipes eventually leading to a vertical shaft leading to the
mid-span of the bridge. Figure 2 shows details on the roller pin
support and the O-rings of the piston.
 5.5.E.C. Bhavnagar

Mid-Span of Bridge.

At the mid-span, the high pressure hydraulic fluid causes

another piston to become raised. And this causes it to push with a
vertical force, hence counteracting the load that was initially
implied. This is where calibration and calculation is required.

The pressure provided by the hydraulic fluid related to the

formula: P=F/A or pressure = force per unit area. Hence the
system can be calibrated to provide a certain amount of vertical
force provided by the vertical hydraulic by changing the diameter
of the piston and shafts. The correlation is, the smaller the
diameter of the piston/shaft assembly, the higher the pressure.
The piston and shaft assembly of the vertical column can also be
altered and need not be equivalent to the pistons at the supports.

Importantly, you can cause the vertical piston to displace too

much than required or displace by too little, hence detailed
calculation is required.
 5.5.E.C. Bhavnagar

MOVEABLE BRIDG.

A moveable bridge, or movable bridge (common alternative

spelling in American English), is a bridge that moves to allow
passage (usually) for boats or barges.[1] In American English,
moveable bridge and drawbridge are synonymous, and the latter
is the common term, but drawbridge can be limited to the
narrower, historical definition used in some other forms of
English, in which drawbridge refers only to a specific type of
moveable bridge.

An advantage of making bridges moveable is the lower cost, due

to the absence of high piers and long approaches. The principal
disadvantage is that the traffic on the bridge must be halted when
it is opened for passages. For seldom-used railroad bridges over
busy channels, the bridge may be left open and then closed for
train passages. For small bridges, bridge movement may be
enabled without the need for an engine. Some bridges are
operated by the users, especially those with a boat, others by a
bridgeman (or bridge tender); a few remotely using video-
cameras and loudspeakers. Generally, the bridges are powered by
electric motors, whether operating winches, gearing, or hydraulic
pistons. While moveable bridges in their entirety may be quite
long, the length of the moveable portion is restricted by
engineering and cost considerations to a few hundred feet.
AEIOU CANVAS.
IDENTION CANVAS.
MIND MAPING.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS.
LNM CANVAS.
PROTOTYPE.
  CONCLUSION.

After completing the project, conclude that our project is

simple in construction and compact in size for use.
Manufacturing of HYDRAULIC BRIDGE is easy and cost
of the die is less.
 REFERECE.

This chapter presents bridge engineers basic concepts,

methods, and procedures used in bridge hydraulic analysis
and design. It involves hydrology study, ...