Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

Quarter 3 Module 3
Claims

Barbara Fe A. Santoyo
Writers:
May F. Villanueva
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan

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 What I Need to Know
What is the latest news on tv or radio? Do you hear it right but cannot
understand what has been said or stated? Our attention was caught by the
statement but merely we didn’t obtain what we needed to know. Some people react
easily to what is heard or seen but unfortunately, we lack the idea of the topic and
we lose what we wanted to share or express.
This happens even in a classroom set-up. The teacher would be asking her
class : “Class, prepare ¼ sheet of paper for your quiz.” Then suddenly somebody will
say, “Ma’am, ¼?” Not because he did not hear the instruction, but simply the student
would like to make sure he got the instruction clear.
More often than not, the teachers encounter such incidents. In the same vein,
ordinary people encounter incidents that made them stop and think. People
patronize different online shops such as Shopee, Lazada, etc. which offer shopping
online but to be disappointed later because items are not in good conditions, hence,
expectations fail.
That is why we need to be extra sensitive and careful to what we are reading.
This module will help you understand more of this critical reading.

Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text

In this lesson, you will learn concepts and do practice activities that will help
you do the following:
1. Determine explicit and implicit information.

2. Differentiate the types of claims.

3. Write a paragraph of assertions using claims.

What I Know

Read the each statement. Write the letter of the answer on the blank before each
number.

_____ 1. Implicit information is ____while Implied is_____.

A. Information is not stated in the text but can be learned upon reading
B. Information are present but cannot be considered as valid
C. Information are set to be researched and find out from another material
D. Information where visible and available to readers.

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______2. The following are the characteristics of a good Claim except for ONE.
A. It should be argumentative
B. It should be interesting
C. It should be logical
D. It should be information laden.

_____ 3. It is okay to write claims but there should be _____.

A. a valid basis of information presented
B. contains information which are non- essentials
C. issues presented are not debatable
D. main topic is just presumed by the writer

_____ 4. Which of the following statements is true about critical reading and
thinking?
A. Reading is just getting information without further analyzing it.
B. Judgement maybe done right after reading.
C. These two skills are ordinary in reading.
D. Thinking is an extension of critical reading and being able to process
what you are learning.

_____ 5. Statements presented in claims of value must be _____.

A. a statement that has existed based on data
B. a statement that is actually true but haven’t tested
C. attempt to explain how problems, situations, issues ought to be valued
D. a solution to a problem presented

Lesson
Identifying and Analyzing Claims
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What’s In

Learning is a complex process but what makes it enjoyable is being able to

apply the learnings into practical life situations. This is the same as critical reading
that once you are able to distinguish the information that is clearly stated (explicit)in
the text from ideas that are suggested (implicit).

The ability to read and process what you read is a skill that critical readers
should have. You will be able to learn more upon finishing this module.

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 What’s New

Are you a critical reader? What do you do after reading a certain text? Do you
practice to make judgement of what you are reading? This is actually asking yourself
about what is the point of the author? What does he mean by his argument?
If you are able to distinguish the information that is clearly stated it is called
Explicit. The idea from the texts which are not visible or shall we say suggested is
called Implicit meaning, you are the one making conclusions and trying to reflect on
what you read. Indeed, you are a critical reader.

What is Critical Reading?

Critical reading involves presenting a reasoned argument that evaluates and
analyzes what you have read. Being critical, therefore-is an academic sense- means
understanding fully, not dismissing and therefore closing off learning.
To read critically means understanding the writer’s opinion and
interpretation. You should always examine the limitations, omissions and
arguments in your reading.
As a critical reader you should reflect on:
1. What the text says: after reading the essay it is important to make some
notes and paraphrase in your own words.
2. What the text describes: you can be confident that you can give
examples and make significant points, compare and contrast and even notice the
style it was presented.
3. What is the interpretation of the text: this means that your
understanding of what has been presented is given priorities, facts are weighed and
even main points are put into considerations.

Defining Claims
Critical Reading requires us to scrutinize the text we have read before
making valuable judgment. It is making your conclusions without letting your
personal bias or opinions detract arguments.
When we read, we look for the main points of the chosen topic. This is now
what we call CLAIMS which is the central argument or thesis statement of the text.
This claim is when the writer is able to prove a point by giving details, explanations
and other facts which serve as evidence. Claims are usually found in the introduction
of the paragraph.

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 It is the most important content of the text because it is the summary of the
writer’s point of discussion in the text.
The following are characteristics of claims:
1. If the claim is argumentative which proves a point for discussion then it
makes sense to the reader.
2. It should be specific and clear. The claim should be not too broad but
important points should enable the reader to understand the text fully.
3. It should be interesting and engaging. It allows the reader to think about
the point of argument and making them learn from it.
4. It should be logical. Should it be properly weighed in support of the author’s
main point? What is the author’s stand with regard to the issue? Is this true? Is it
valuable?

What is It
Now that you learned the characteristics of a good claim, let us get to know
more about the different claims.
Claims of Fact is from the word itself “factual” which means from something
that has existed. It’s a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic. They assert that
something that has existed, exists, will exist based on data.
Claims of fact usually answer the question “what”. Factual claims attempt to
persuade you that something has to be explained. The following are used in making
claims of fact, words such as in the past or in the future and causal terms like; leads
to, improves, destroys or it is caused by.
Examples:
1. Smoking can cause cancer.
2. Death penalty leads to fewer crimes.
Claims of Value is a statement that approves or disapproves of something. It
attempts to explain issues about moral and philosophical values of the topic. It
actually points out that some values are less desirable compared to others. They
make judgement based on certain standards, right from wrong, good to bad, or
similar.

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 When trying to find value, look for terms like valuable, beautiful, interesting,
good or bad, evil, right or wrong, superior, best or worse.
Examples:
1. Smoking is unhealthy.
2. Cellphones are valuable and perhaps even necessary.

Claims of Policy is a statement which persuades you or the government to

take some actions or change a behavior usually to solve a problem.
You can easily claim policy with words like “should” “ought to” or “must”. They
defend an actionable plan and it usually answers the “how” question.

Examples:
1. Cell Phones should not be used while driving.
2. Kids should not be treated like adults.

What’s More
Activity 1
Read the following statements and identify whether the statement is a Claim of
fact, Claim of value or Claim of policy.
1. Alcoholism is a genetic disorder.
2. Killing animals as a hobby is wrong.
3. The president should be the protector of his own country.
4. Mandatory swabbing or mass testing should be implemented by the state.
5. Democracy is superior in any form of government.

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Activity 2
Write three examples of claims for each type.

Claims of Fact
a.______________________________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________________________
c.______________________________________________________________________
Claims of Value
a.______________________________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________________________
c.______________________________________________________________________
Claims of Policy
a.______________________________________________________________________
b.______________________________________________________________________
c.______________________________________________________________________

Activity 3
Read the paragraph below and try to create different Claims based on the topic
presented.
Facebook accounts are being hack nowadays which posts a big problem to the
privacy of the owner. During the early 2000’s, Friendster was used by a lot people to
post pictures which they can share to their friends; however, this social media platform
did not have a lot of features that people enjoy from Facebook like sending messages
and videos and video calling which are being enjoyed now. But Facebook is also
susceptible to hacking and spreading of viruses. Last June 16, 2020, Facebook
accounts had been copied but nowhere to put the blame even Mark Zuckerberg, the
founder of Facebook is still investigating this matter. This should be the time that CEO
of the well-known social media platform has to modify the security of Facebook to
avoid such hassle to its users.

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Why is privacy important?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4: Writing Proper

You are tasked to write an article of any topic below that you would like to talk
about. Be sure to make your statements clear and concise. Apply what you have
learned in the discussion. And later, explain your written work on a sheet of paper
for modular learners and recorded video (blog style) to be submitted to your
teacher’s email or messenger for online learners.
a. Students should not be allowed to bring cellphones inside the school campus.
b. There is no sure cure on Corona virus up to this time.
c. Face to Face learning is more advantageous to students and teachers.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we had a lot of discussions. It is important to remember

that:

✔ Explicit meaning of text is showing full details without hidden

information. Ideas that are not clearly stated or suggested is
called implicit meaning.

✔ Critical reading involves presenting a reasoned argument that

evaluates and analyses what you have read. Being critical,
therefore-is an academic sense- means understanding fully, not
dismissing and therefore closing off learning.

✔ CLAIMS is the central argument or thesis statement of the text.

✔ Claims of Fact is from the word itself “factual” which means

from something that has existed. It’s a quantifiable assertion or
a measurable topic. They assert that something that has existed,
exists, will exist based on data.

✔ Claims of Value is a statement that approves or disapproves of

something. It attempts to explain issues about moral and
philosophical values of the topic. It actually points out that some
values are less desirable compared to others. They make

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 judgment based on certain standards, right from wrong, good to
bad, or similar.

✔ Claims of Policy is a statement which persuade you or the

government to take some actions or change a behavior usually
to solve a problem.

What I Can Do
Write an argumentative text of a topic of your choice which shows the
different claims. Underline the claims of fact, value, and policy that you
employed in your text.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Read the following lines and choose the correct answer.
___________1. A claim is ___________________.

A. a question
B. a statement
C. an assessment
D. an issue

___________2. A claim should be proven with _________.

A. evidence
B. clues
C. conclusions
D. opinions

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____________3. Identify among the choices which is a claim of policy.
A. She is lucky.
B. Students should be allowed to wear what they want in school.
C. Most of them are old.
D. Virtues are expected.

____________4. All of the following claims are strong except ______________.

A. Schools should limit the homework given to students in Senior
High School.
B. Schools should have stricter dress codes.
C. School dress codes are beneficial.
D. Should School limit school work?

____________5. Weak evidence is __________.

A. a fact
B. a statistic data
C. an expert opinion
D. second hand information

Additional Activities
Create your own paragraph where claims are visible enough and presented.
Make use of the latest events happening right now.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 POST TEST
Module 3
Claims

Test I. Read the following paragraph. Identify the claims presented in the
paragraphs and fill in the matrix below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answer. (10 points)

According to the World Health Organization around 95% of people who have
contracted the new coronavirus to date have recovered or are recovering. COVID-19
had affected a lot of people around the world. Last March 2020, the Philippine
government decided to declare Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ). The ECQ
is an attempt to stop or curb the spread of the virus across the country. From March
until December of 2020, the country had experienced different types of quarantine.
But amidst this pandemic, how problematic the attitude of the Filipinos is during
this trying time?

I understand that these measures are made because the government is

protecting its people; however, Filipinos have their own rules and known to go
against these rules. The government did their best to help the Filipino people and
even provided subsidy in the form of Social Amelioration Program (SAP) through
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). Again, Filipinos think this
is not enough because of the problems on the delays on distribution and issues on
who qualifies to receive the SAP. Again, issues on how the Local Government Unit
falsified and doctored the recipients of SAP also surfaced as one of the problems
during the distribution of SAP.

Even during the implementation of ECQ, there are still Filipinos who opted to
violate the rules such as going out of the house without face masks, not wearing
their face masks and recently falsifying of the results of their swab tests. This is
because we think we are better than those people who are implementing the law. We
think that what we are doing is better than what the government wants us to do.

Sometimes we should reflect why we are still stuck in this cycle of poverty in
this country. If people are considered to be the wealth of a country, can we consider
ourselves to contribute to our country’s wealth if we have this kind of attitude? If
your answer is no, then what should we do?

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 We should help one another. Let us stop complaining before we understand
what the government is implementing. We must follow, before we try to whine. We
should be a better version of ourselves right now because we are in this difficult time.
Claims of Fact Claims of Policy Claims of Value

Test II. Read the following sentences carefully. Write T if the statement is correct
and F if it is incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

_______1. In making a claim of fact one should have sufficient and appropriate
grounds like reliable authority and accurate data.
_______2. A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing
is better than the other thing.
_______3. Claim of policy gives plan which are impossible to achieve.
_______4. Claim of value is about taste or moral.
_______5. Claim of policy is used to solve a problem.

References

1. Marella Therese A. Tiongson and Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez, Reading and

Writing Skills Teacher’s Resource Material, Quezon City: Rex Printing Company,
Inc., 2016.

2. Marella Therese A. Tiongson and Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez, Reading and

Writing Skills. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2016, 94-96.

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3. Sharon Cronk-Raby, Narrative Writing.

4. Ali G. Anudin and Andrew Rey S. Pena Reading and Writing skills
Vibal Group 2016 ,28-29

B. Websites
1.https://courses.lumenlearning.com/basicreadingandwriting/chapter/outcome-
summary-skills/
2. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/explicit
3. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/implicit

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 Development Team of the Module
Writers: Barbara Fe A. Santoyo (THS)
May F. Villanueva, MAE (MSHS)
Editor: Nieves T. Salazar, Ph. D. (PHS)

Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS- English)

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Arneil A. Pagatpatan (NHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

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