Untitled

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´¥²¬¨¦³£¨¬°¨²±ª °¨£´¦¡´°¨¨¥´¥²¬¨
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£®¦¤³¨¨¦´´³££²®´²¨´´² ¬´£¦£«ª£«´£°±ª®¦³§¥«¦±²®¦©´£ª³²²£¬¦¥
¡¦¥¦´´°¨¦§££¦£«ª£«§£²²£¬¦±²®¦¦¥ª²²£¬¦´°¨¦£¥£°£ ®²®«¢®³¨
´´´²¡¦§£²²£¬´´¨

©¨ ¦³£°±ª®¦w¬±´£¦¬¨´²£´¦¬¦£«ª£«¦³±²®¨²¥ £ª

f (t ) = A cos(wt + ϕ )

² ®³¨§²¥ £ª±²®¤³¨¤²°¦

A m cos(wt + ϕ ) = Re A m e [j (wt + ϕ )
] [
~ jwt
= Re Ae ]

~ jφ
A = Am e ² ®²±ª¦
 π
A m sin(wt + ϕ ) = A m cos wt + ϕ −  ¨¦
 2
 π
jϕ − 
~
A = A m e  2
² ® ²±¨

£²±£¬¢®³¨
²«¦¥¨©£´² ª¦³³¦¥§¥«w´²£´´´¦¬´£¦£«ª£«´£°±ª®²®«¨¦³£²¦§¥«
w²´´´¦¬´£¦£«ª£«£°±ª®§¨°¬³

Lemma 1: ² ¬£¢®³¨
[ 1 + 2 ] = [ 1 ] + [ 2 ]
Re Z (t ) Z (t ) Re Z ( t ) Re Z (t )
Re[αZ1 (t )] = α Re[Z1 (t )]

Lemma 2:
[~
]
d
dt
~
[
Re Be jwt = Re Ae jwt § ]
~ ~
B = jwA
d
dt
[
~
] d ~
 dt


[
~
¨¦ Re Ae jwt = Re  Ae jwt  = Re jwAe jwt ³¨£³¤´]

Lemma 3:
[
~ jwt
] [
~ jwt
]
∀t : Re Ae = Re Be ⇔ A = B
~ ~

7 - 1
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§

~ ~
[] ~
[] ~
A = B ³¡²¥²¨¦ Re A = Re B §³¦§£³¦³£²¬

£²±¬¢®³¨´¡¥

´£² ®§´°§£§££¦£«ª£«´´´©¨«ª
[ ]
x (t ) = Re Ae jwt
~

[
y(t ) = Re Be ]~ jwt

[
z(t ) = Re Ce ]~ jwt

w´²£´´£¦¬§´´¦¥
£³£¦³´¦³ª³²´² ª´´¨§££ª³§¥«ª

x (t ) + y(t ) +
dZ(t )
dt
[ ~
] [ ]
~
[
= Re Ae jwt + Re Be jwt + Re Ce jwt
d
dt
~
]

[ ] ~ jwt
[ ] [
~ jwt
= Re Ae + Re Be + Re jwCe ]
~ jwt
¨¦£®¦

[( ~ ~
) ] [
= Re A + B + jwC e = Re Se
jwt
]~ jwt
1¨¦³¨£³£¬

~ j ϕS ~ ~ ~
S = Sm e = A + B + jwC 3¨¦³¨£³£¬

´£ ¢²±´¢ª£²±² ®¦¥´¥ª
~
A = A r + jA i
~
B = Br + jBi
~
C = Cr + jCi
¦±ª
§££³¨¨§£±¦¡ → Sr = A r + Br − wCi
§£¨¨§£±¦¡ → Si = A i + Bi + wCr

~ j ϕS
´£²¦®´¢ª£²± S = Sm e ´¬£ª´¬¥

Sm = (A r + Br − wCi )2 + (A i + Bi + wCr )2

 A + Bi + wCr 
ϕ S = tg−1  i 
 A r + Br − wCi 

~
w´²£´ S ² ®§¬£¦£«ª£«´³ª¦£±¦ª²£¡¨¥«
´² ª¦³²¦¥¦§£¨¥«²®«¨¦¥¦¢®³¨´£¡²¦©´£ª

´£¦£°ª²®£´³¨¦£² ®§³£²³¨£³

(n )
a 0 x + a1x (n−1)
+ a2x (n− 2 )
+ ... + an−1x + an x = A m cos(wt + ϕ ) ²¨ª´ª
(1)
dn x
£¢²®©²´®¦°¨¦§£°²ª x (n) = ²³¥
dt n
7 - 2
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
~ ~
A = A m e jϕ X = X m e jψ ©¨«ª

~
[ ]
x (t ) = Re Xe jwt ©£¨£²²£¬´²°¨³£¢²®©²´®´«ªª
a 0
(
~
dn Re Xe jwt ) ~ ~
( )
+ ... + an Re Xe jwt = Re Ae jwt ²¨£°ª ( )
n
dt
dn
( )
n Re a 0 Xe jwt = Re a 0 (jw ) Xe jwt
dt
~ n~
[
2¨¦¨ ]
{[
Re a 0 (jw ) + an−1( jw)n−1 + ... + an−1( jw) + an Xe jwt = Re Ae jwt
n ~ ~
] }
1¨¦¨ [ ]
~
~ A
X = 3¨¦¨¦±´¨
a0 (jw ) + ... + an −1 jw + an
n

~ ~ Am
X m = Re 2 ( X) + Im 2 ( X) =
( 2
) (
an − an−2 w + an− 4 w + ... + an−1w − an−3 w + ...
2 4 3 2
)

~ a w − an−3 w + an−5 w + ... 3 5
Ψ = ∠X = ϕ − tg−1 n−1
an − an−2 w 2 + an− 4 w 4 + ...

³¡²¬
ª¥¨«®§£¦±¨ª££ ©¥³³¨¦£ª¨©²´®§£¨w£¥²¬¦¨w¦¥²¬ª¥ª ©²´®´³£
~
²¨¦³£ª££®§ª£¦®´´«®¨w´ X ¦³
©²´®§²¨©²´®w ³§³¨ t~ xe jwt £°±ª®´£²³®©²´®¥´«ª¦³£w£¥²¬§´²¬
£ª¨©²´®§£¢²®

X =
[
~ A b 0 (jw ) + b1 (jw ) + ... + bm
~ m m−1
]
¦±ª §ª£¦®¦£¥¨³²²¬³£³¨§
a 0 (jw ) + a1 (jw ) + ... + an
n n−1

¨
dV
i = C C
dt
2
LC 2C + RC C + VC = e S (t ) = Em cos(wt + ϕ )
dV dV
dt dt
e S (t ) = Re Ee jwt ²²£¬
~
{ }
~
{
VC = Re Ve jwt ©²´®´³¡ªª©¥¦ }

~
~ E
V = ¦£¬¦³¢£³£®¦¦±ª
(
LC − w + RCjw + 1
2
)

Em wRC
Vm = Ψ = ϕ − tg−1
(1 − LCw ) + (wRC)
2 2 1 − w 2LC

L = R = C=1 e S (t ) = cos(2t )u(t )
1 3
§£ª´ª²¬²´®ª´¬¥
2 2
( )
VC 0 − = 1V i 0 − = 2 Am ( )
7 - 3
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§

¬²¦¥¦±¡´¨´°¨¦°²ª
Vh (t ) = k 1e S1t + k 2 e S2t £ª¨©²´®
LCS 2 + RCS + 1 = 0 ´£ª¨³¨´ª²´®§ S1 , S 2 ²³¥
1 3
S 2 + S + 1 = 0
2 2
S 2 + 3S + 2 = 0 ⇒ S1 = −1 , S 2 = −2

[ ]
Vp (t ) = Re V £¢²®©²´®
~ j2t
Em = 1, ϕ = 0 §£¦±¨©´ª²²£¬¨³¦§£³ª
©²´®£°ª

´¦¬¨ §£ª£²

~ 1 1 1 1
V = = = = = 0.316e − j108.4 = 0.316e − j1.89
( ) w = 2 1 − 2 + 3 j − 1 + 3 j 3.16e j108.4
1 3
− w 2 + jw + 1
2 2

VC (t) = Vh (t ) + Vp (t ) £¦¦¥©²´®

VC (t ) = k 1e + k 2 e + 0.316 cos(2t − 1.89)
−t −2 t
t>0²¬

VC (t ) = k 1 + k 2 − 0.1 = 1v t=0©³²´£°ª§£¨±¨´£°¨¦
t=0£ª³´£°ª
= −k 1e −t − 2k 2e −t − 0.632 sin(2 + −1.89)

dVC dV
i(0) = C = C =
dt t = 0 dt t = 0 t=0
= −k 1 − 2k 2 − 0.632 sin(− 1.89) = −k 1 − 2k 2 + 0.6 = 2

k1 + k 2 = 1.1 ⇒ k 2 = −2.5 ©¥¦
− k1 − 2k 2 = 1.4 k1 = 3.6

VC (t ) = 3.6e − 2.5e
−t −2 t
+ 3.16 cos(2t − 1.89) ¦¦¥©²´®´©¥§ª°¨

"£°££«ª£«°¨±²¦²¬¨°¨££¦³£¥¦¡´£ª´´£¦§£¥£²°£¨
" k1 = k 2 = 0 £´¨²¨¦¥
7 - 4
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
VC (t ) = 0.316 cos(2t − 1.89)
VC (0) = 0.316 cos(− 1.89) = −0.1v
i(0) = C = −0.316 ⋅ 2 sin(− 1.89) = 0.6

dVC (t )

dt t = 0 Am

£«ª£«´¦³£°£´

t → ∞ ²³¥²¨¦¥£¨¬°¨´¦¦¥´´´¬¦°²ª£¦£«ª£«²²£¬§¬¦¬¨ª¦©´ª
£´¦¦¥´£¦¦¥²±¨³ª£²
y(t ) = yh (t) + yp (t ) = k 1e + k 2e S2t + ... + k m e Smt + A m cos(wt + ψ )
S1t

£¦£¦³§¦³£³¨¨±¦¡³§££¦£¦³§££³¨¨§ Sk §£³²³¦¥§´¬¥

Re[Sk ] < 0

lim y (t ) = Am cos(wt + ψ ) §£¢ªª®«±¦¥¦³¥£¬¦±ª t → ∞ ¦³ª³¥
t →∞
t → ∞ ²¬0 ¦´®³ZIR ´´ ¥´¥²¬¨´£¢¢®¨£«£°£´¥²¬¨´²±ª ¥´¥²¬¨

££¡¦³£³¨¨±¦¡³£³¨¨££¡§£³²³¡´¡®¦§

Re[Sk ] > 0

£°£ª£´¥²¬¨³§£²¨

" Re[Sk ] = 0 §£¨££±¨§£³²³²¬²¨¦¥"§£¨¨§£³²³²¬°¨¨
w ≠ w 0 ¨²´£¥¡£ªª
S 2 = − w 0 ⇒ S1,2 = ± jw 0 ¦³¨¦§£¢³®§£³²³²¬
2
´£°£²«¡«¦¬ ©²´® yh = k 1e jw 0t + k 2e − jw 0t = k cos(w 0 t + ϕ )©²´®¦±ª

7 - 5
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§

yh (t ) = (k 1 + k 2 t )e
jw 0 t
©²´®¦±ª§£¦®¥§£³²³²¬
t → ∞ ²¬ yh → ∞ £°£ª£´¥²¬¨£¥§£²

©£®¦£¡¡´¨§² ¥¬«ª®¨£³¨

~ ~ ~
VL = jwL I L = ZL I L £¦£¦«¦³¥¬³±²®ª£²
~ 1 ~ ~
VC = I C = ZC I C £¦±¦³¥¬
jwC
~ ~
VL = jwL(a + jb) = wL( ja − b) ¦±ª¦£¬¦³²³±£®¦ I L = a + jb ¦£¦«£² ®§² ³¡£ªª´¬¥

©®§² ¦³² ®¦´£«¡£´¦¬¨ ¨¡´¨¦³² ®²¨¦¥

§² ´§£±¨¡´¨¦£¦«²¬©¥¦

~
¦±ª¦£¬¦³²³±£®¦ I C = a + jb ¦±£² ®§² ³¡£ªª¨©®
~ 1 1
VC = (a + jb) = (b − ja)
jwC wC
©®§² ¦³² ®¦´£«¡£´¦¬¨ ¨¡´¨¦³² ®²¨¦¥

7 - 6
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§

¡´¨´§£±¨§² ¦±²¬©¥¦

£«ª£«²²¬§£¢³®§£¦¬¨¦³£¨´¨°¨

§£² ®£¬§´§³²¦©´£ª©¥¦¬²¬²¦¥§£ª¥ª¥²£±£±¡
~
Σv = 0 ⇒ ΣV = 0
~
Σi = 0 ⇒ ΣI = 0

∑ Vn = ∑ Re Vn e (
~ jwt
) [(
= Re ∑ Vn e ) ]
~ jwt
= 0 ¨¦¨©¥³
n n
£¦£«ª£«²²£¬²¨²³¥§£¥²¨§£«ª®¨££¦§£ª¦³²£¡£±¡¦¥´§³££¦©´£ª©¥¦

´¨

Z = 1 + jw3

(jw3)⋅1
1
jw
Z= 3 = jw3
1 1− w 2
jw3 +
1
jw
3

7 - 7
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
1
Z = Z1 +
1
y2 +
1
Z3 +
1
y4 +
Z5

R4¦¬¡´¨´°¨¦°²ª ´³²´ £¦ª¦¨

§£¨² ´³¨´§³²ª©²´®
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
V1 V1 − V2 V1 − V3 ~
1´¨° + + = IS §£ª¨«¨§£´¨°´³¦³²¬
R1 R2 1
jwC

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
V − V1 V2 V2 − V3
2´¨° 2 + + = 0
R2 jwL R3

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
V − V2 V3 V3 − V1
3´¨° 3 + + = 0
R3 R4 1
jwC

~1 1  ~ 1 ~ ~
V1  + + jwC − V2 ⋅ − V3 ⋅ jwC = IS
 R1 R 2  R2
~ 1  ~  1 1 1  ~  1 
V1  −  + V2  + +  + V3 ⋅  −  = 0
 R 2   2
R R 3 jwL   R 3 
~  1  ~  1 
V1 (− jwC) + V2 ⋅  −
~ 1
 + V3  + + jwC  = 0
 R3   R3 R 4 

R1 = R 2 = R 3 = 1Ω R4 = 2Ω C=2FL=2Hw=2§£§£ª´ª´£°ª
7 - 8
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
 π
iS (t ) = 10 cos 2t + 
 6

~
²¨²±¦¦¥³¨´³ª´£²ª£¦´³¨´¥²¬¨¤´¨ V3 ´¯¦¡¦£¥

2 + 4j − 1 IS
1
−1 2 + 0
4j
− j4 −1 0
~ 2 + j⋅8 ~
V3 = = IS
6 + j11.25
2 + j4 −1 − j4
1
−1 2+ −1
j4
− j4 −1 3 + j4
2

~ 8.24∠1.32
V3 = ⋅ 10∠0.524 = 6.46∠0.764 ©¥¦
12.75∠1.08

²¬
²³±² ¬£ª² ®¤´¨£¬²¡´¨¦¬£¦£¥
[
V (t ) = Re Ve jwt
~
] [ ] [ ]
= Re (VR + jVi )e jwt = Re Vm e jϕ e jwt = Vm cos(wt + ϕ )

~
V = VR + jVi ²³¥
~
Vm = V = VR + Vi
2 2
Vi
ϕ = tg−1
VR

´£¦¬¨

£¦£±¨´¦¬¨©ª´ª

1  1 
Y = jwC + G + = G + j wC − 
jwL  wL 

©¨«ª
²´¦³£°±ª®£´B(w)
Y( jw) = G + jB( w) ⇒ B(w ) = wC −
1
wL
Re[Y (jw )] = G
7 - 9
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
lm[Y (jw )] = B(w )

«ª¥££³§² ¦±³¦¬¨¦£ª°£¡£«ª£«²±¨±®«£³¡´¨³°¨¥²£¦¬¨resonance ´°¨
£¦±³´¥£¦¨§©¥¦¦¬¨¦³¦±³´ª´³ ¨¬ª ®´££¦±³¦¬¨¦
´£³¨¨
§¨£«±¨¦Z´ª´´§´§¨£ª£¨¦Y´¥£¦¨´£¨ ³£²§£¢³®§£¦¬¨²
ª¦³¨¦² ¡ª
«®´¨¦³¨¨±¦¡²³¥"§¨£ª£¨¦±¨Y«¢ª£¨£´¨
Im[Y (jw )] = 0 ⇒ w =
1

LC

w 0 ª¨«¦ª¦¬¨¦³´²´§£²± ²´¦
²¨´²¦©´£ª³£®¥«®´¨B(w) ²´

B → −∞ w → 0 ²³¥³§´²¦©´£ª²¤´¨
B → +∞ w → ∞ ²³¥

«ª®¨£´§³¡¦²³®
1 1 G − B( w)
Z( jw) = = = 2 +j 2
Y( jw) G + jB( w) G + B ( w) G + B 2 ( w)
2

¥²¨²³¨¦¬Z´¢¢²³ª
¦¬¨¦±´¨

¦±´¨¦¬¨ ¬¨²£«ª
7 - 10
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
1
£ «£²¦¬©¦¦¢¢²³¨¦¬¨´¡«ª
2G
2 2
 1   1 
 Re(Z ) −  + ( Im(Z ) ) = 
1
 =
2

 2G   2G  4G2

©£³§££±´¨§²¨¦¥«ª®¨£³£¡ª¦£±³Z£¥²¬¦¨£´¨£§±ª

2
 G 1  2
B 1
 2 −  + 2 =
G +B
2
2G  G +B 2 2
4G 2 ( )

¦¨³¦³§£¬£²´¡´®ª
G2 1 1 B2 G2 + B2 1 1 1
− + + = − 2 + =
(G 2
+ B2 ) (
2
) (
G 2 + B 2 4G 2 G 2 + B 2 ) (G
2 2
+ B2 ) (
2
G +B 2
4G 2
) 4G 2

Z´²´¨©¥¢¢²³¨¦¬¨²¨¦¥§££±´¨©¥©£³©¥¦

¥²¨²³£¨Z¦³²´ªª´¤´¨²´£²²´£¦¦¥£´´¬¨³¨
³ w = w 0 ±ª¦¬´£ª¢ª¨¦¬ w = 0 ²¬«®¦£¡´¨w²´¦³£°±ª®¥ Z( jw) ¥¬¦
§² ¦¥´£¦±£ £®ª£¡¨³§³¨²¢´ª´²±ª Z( jw 0 ) ´£¦¨£«±¨¥²¬´¦±¨
w → ∞ ²³¥«®¦¬´£ª¢ª¨²£¥¬¦ w > w 0 ²¬ª¤²±²²¬£¦¬¨

¨°¬´¦¬¨´²´®ª´¬¥
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~
I R + I C + I L = I S I R = GV I C = jwCV I L = V £² ®§³£²
jwL

~ ~
I S = 1∠0 w=1 ⇒ I S = cos(t )

§£§£ª´ª´¦³¨¦¡±£ª
1
R = 1Ω C = 1F L= H
4

©²´®
 1 
~  1  
Y ( j ⋅ 1) = G + j wC −  = 1 + j 1 − = 1 − j ⋅ 3 = 10∠ − 71.6
 wL  w = 1  1 
 4
Z (j ⋅ 1) = ~
~ 1 1
= ∠ + 71.6
Y( j ⋅ 1) 10
~ ~ ~ 1 1
V = Z ⋅ IS = ∠71.6 ⋅ 1∠0 = ∠71.6
10 10
~
~ V 1
IR = = ∠71.6
R 10
~
~ V 1 4
IL = = ⋅ ∠71.6 − 90 = ∠ − 18.4
jwL 1 10
10 ⋅
4
7 - 11
ª©¥¡¥°»³³¡¢ª±¢©
°±»¥§² ³ª©¥§
~ ~ 1 1
I C = V ⋅ jwC = ∠71.6o + 90o = ∠161.6o
10 10

1
w 0 = = 2 ¦¬¨¦³´²´
LC
w0 ´²´§£¦´´¬¥³¡ª©¥¦
~
I S = 1∠0o w=2
Y (j ⋅ 2) = G + j ⋅ 0 = G = 1mho
1
Z( j ⋅ 2) = = 1Ω
Y( j ⋅ 2)
~
~ ~ ~ V
V = Z ⋅ I S = 1∠0 ⇒ I R = = 1∠0o ⇒ IR = IS
o
R
~
1 1 V 1
Z L = jw ⋅ = j ⋅ IL = = ∠0o − 90o = 2∠ − 90
4 2 jwL 1
2
~ ~
I C = jwC ⋅ V = 1∠90 ⋅ 2∠0 = 2∠90o
o o

~ ~
´´§£¦±¨§£²«¨ª®ª£®§£±¡³¨¦£¦«¦±´°¨¦£ª££® IC = − IL ³§£²
£¦¨£ª£¨ Y ²¥ ¥£¦¨£«±¨±®« ¨ª§£ª£§²

network function"´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®

«£ª¥² ®¨² ®¦°¨² ®´ª¨£´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®
w´²£´£¦´£²¦£¥ H( jw) ª¨«¦ª
£´´¥²¬¨´£°±ª® ª§² £°£§£ª££ª¬´¨¨¦§

~
I R GV G 1
H( jw) = ~ = ~ = GZ( jw) = =
IS IS  1   1 
G + j wC −  1 + jR wC − 
 wL   wL 

¤´¨²´¦¥²¬ IR ( wt) ª¦³¨£°£´¨¦³£´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®´£³¬¨©®°¨¦£¥
~
«£ª¥² ®±¦¡ª IR ( wt) ¦³¢£¦®¨¬®¨³²®´£¨£¬ I R ( jw) ² ®´§£°¨ IR ( wt)
´³±¨´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®´¦±ª

~ ~ ~ 1 ~ C ~ ~
I C = VS ⋅ jw 0C = VS ⋅ j C = VS ⋅ j ££« I C = − I L §££±´¨´³¦§£³ª
LC L
~ ~ 1 ~ LC ~ C
I L = VS ⋅ = VS ⋅ = − VS ⋅ j
jw 0L jL L

~
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
H( jw) = ~R = 1ª¦³²±¨³¬ª©¥¨ I S = I C + I L + I R = I R ©¥¦
IS
7 - 12
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~ ~
IL IC
Q = ~ = ~
IS IS

V
~
IL jw 0L R
Q = ~ = = ²¨¦¥
IS V w 0L
R
R C 1
Q = =R ©¥¦ w 0 = ³²¥ ª²³¥
1 L LC
L
LC

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1 1 1
H( jw) = = =
 1  1  w w 
1 + jR wC −  1 + jQw 0L( wC − ) 1 + jQ
 w − w 
0
 wL  wL  0 

H´³²´£°±ª®´£¥²¬¡©®§£ª££®¨ w0 Q²¨¦¥
w0 Q´¦´¥´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®¦³´£ ¦´§³¡ª
1   w w 0    w w 0 
H( jw) = ∠H( jw) = 0 − tg−1 Q −  = − tg−1 Q − 
 w w0 
2
  w 0 w     w 0 w  
1 + Q 2  − 
 w0 w 

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7 - 13
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«£ª¥² ®¦ £°£² ® H( jw) = 1 §´¥²¬¨´£°±ª®´²£®¦
´²´ H( jw) = 1 §£¡´ª¨ª³´¦¬¨¦³²±¨«®£°£² ® H( jw) = 0 §
¢¬¨¥´²´² ³§£²´²£¬¨ ¦¬¨³§£²¨©¥¦ w → 0 , w → ∞ §£²´ H( jw) = 0
bandpass filter§£²±¦´ª¥´¦¬¦¬¨¦§£§£¥¨ª§£²´²£¬¨ª£§´¨¦³

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H( jw) ©³´±ª§«®¡²´°± ²£®¦3dB´±ª´²£¬«®¡²´²£ª
1
dB´±ª´²±ª¦´±ª²¢¦£®¦³£¦¨£«±¨¥²¬¨
2
 H( jw) 
dB = 20 ⋅ log  ´£¨´£²¦£¨´¦±«²³± ²

 Hmax 

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1 1
H( jw) = =
2
 w w0  2
1 + Q 2  − 
 w0 w 
2
 w w0 
⇒ Q 2
−  = 1
 w0 w 

7 - 14
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2
w w0 1  w  1 w
− =± ⇒   ± − 1 = 0
w0 w Q  w0  Q w0

w 1 1
=± ± 1+
w0 2Q 4Q 2

w 1 1 w
=± + 1+ 2
¦±ª > 0 ²¬
w0 2Q 4Q w0

2
x x
1 + x = 1 +
− + ... ²£±³¨´³¦©´£ªQ>>1²¬
2 8
w 1  1  1 1
=± + 1 + − ... ≅ 1 ± + ¦±ª©¥¦
w0 2Q  8Q 2
 2Q 8Q 2

 1 1   1 1 
w1 = w 0 1 − + 2 
w 2 = w 0 1 + + 2 
§´ª²´®
 2Q 8Q   2Q 8Q 

¦£¬¦³²²©ª«¨¦³«®¡²´´¨¡´³´±ª£´³©¦
w ∆w w
∆w = w 2 − w 1 = 0 ⇒ ∆f = = 0 [Hz] ¦±´³«®¡²
Q 2π 2πQ
¤²²´§§£´£¬¦©¬¢£±²´²±ª w 2 §©¨¥ w1 ²´

±²®ª²³Q´¥£§±¨§¬¥¦´¨©¥ª²³Q£¦£±¨RLC¦¬¨£²¢RLC ¦¬¨²¬
1 1
I′L′ + i′L + iL = 0 £¦¬¨´´²´¨²¨³±²®ª¦£±£¦£±¨RLC£¦±ª
RC LC
1 1
= 2α = w 0 ª¨£«
2

RC LC
2
R 1 w0 w
Q = = = = 0 ±£
w 0L 2αCLw 0 2αw 0 2α
1 1 RC
£³£¦³©£³ w 0 = = = R ª³¨´³²³¥
2
£ª³©£³
LC 2αC C
²¨´¥£§±¨¦ª¬³´²¦©´£ª©¥

α ´¦´¥«®¡²´²£¦§©´£ª
w0
2α α
∆f = Q = = ⇒ ∆w = 2π∆f = 2α
2π 2π π
1
Q¦ w d ©£²³±¦§©´£ª Q > α < w 0 ²¬²±¨ ³²£¥ ª©«£²´´¦³²±¨
2
7 - 15
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1
w d = w 0 − α 2 = w 0 1 −
2

4Q 2

w
α = 0
2Q

7 - 16
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L
w0 R R w 0 w 0L C
Q= = w 0CR = = Q= = =
2α w 0L L 2α R R
C

1 R
α = α=
2RC 2L

IR VR
H( jw) = H( jw) =
IS VS
IS 1 V VR R
Y( jw) = = Z( jw) = S = S =
V RH( jw) I VR H( jw)

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w0
Q=
2α

1
w 0 =
LC

H(jw ) =
1
 w w0 
1 + jQ − 
 w0 w 

 1 1   1 1 
w1 = w 0 1 − + 2 
w 2 = w 0 1 + + 2 

 2Q 8Q   2Q 8Q 

w
∆W = 0 = 2α
Q

7 - 17
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P(t ) = V (t ) ⋅ i(t ) £¬²±®«
t2
W = ∫ P(t )dt £²ª

t1
[
V (t ) = Re Ve jwt
~
] ~
V = Vm ∠ϕ v £² ®§³£²¦² ¡ª
[
~
]
i(t ) = Re I e jwt
~
I = Im ∠ϕi

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V (t )⋅ i(t ) = Vm ⋅ Im cos(wt + ϕ v )cos(wt + ϕi ) = Vm ⋅ Im cos(ϕ v − ϕi ) + Vm ⋅ Im cos(2wt + ϕ v + ϕi )
1 1
2 2
² ¡¨¦¬°¨¨±®«²£ª
T
1
Pav = ∫ p(t ′)dt ′
T0
§¦³² ¡¨®¬£°²¢ª£«®´££¦£«ª£«£ª³£¢£©¨ ¬±©³²£¢£³©£¥¨
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Pav = Vm ⋅ Im cos(ϕ v − ϕi )
1

2
π
¬°¨¨±®«©£²¨¦¥ Pav = 0 £ ϕ v − ϕi = § ϕ v − ϕi £¦´² ¡¨¦¬°¨¨ª£ Pav
2
~ 1 ~~ 1~ ~
P = V I ∗ = V I e j(ϕ v−ϕ i ) ²£ª
2 2
[]
Pav = Re P = V I cos(ϕ v − ϕi )
~ 1~~
2

Pav = I Re[Z] = V Re[Y ]

1 ~2 1 ~2

2 2

¬°¨¨±®«¦³§¥£«´ª¥´
´ª³´£²£´§£²²¬¨¡´¨§² §
i(t ) = I1 cos(w1t + ϕ1 ) + I2 (w 2 t + ϕ 2 )
V (t ) = V1 cos(w1t + θ1 ) + V2 cos(w 2 t + θ 2 )
±®«
P(t) = V1I1 cos(ϕ1 − θ1 ) + V2I2 cos(ϕ 2 − θ 2 ) + V1I1 cos(2w1t + θ1 + ϕ1 ) + V2I2 cos(2w 2 t + θ 2 + ϕ 2 ) +
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
+ I1V2 cos((w1 − w 2 )t + ϕ1 − θ 2 ) + I1V2 cos((w1 + w 2 )t + ϕ1 + θ 2 ) + I2 V1 cos((w 2 − w1 )t + ϕ 2 − θ1 ) +
1 1 1
2 2 2

+ I2 V1 cos((w1 + w 2 )t + ϕ 2 + θ1 )
1

2

£¦¦ I1 ,I2 §£¨² £ª³¨§£¬ª§££¬²§£±®«£ª³¦³§¥«ªª££¬²±®«³´²¦©´£ª
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²¨¦¥§£ª³²§£²££ª³§¬±²²³£ª«®´£´£ª¨ ´¦´§¬cos
Pav = V1I1 cos(ϕ1 − θ1 ) + V2I2 cos(ϕ 2 − θ 2 ) = Pav1 + Pav 2
1 1
2 2

7 - 18
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I Re[Z L ] ZL¦¬¬°¨¨±®«
1 ~2
Pav =
2
~
~ VS
I = £°ª
Z S + ZL

¦±ª
1~ 2 Re[Z L ] 1~ 2 RL
Pav = VS = VS
2 Z S + ZL
2
2 (RL + RS ) + (X L + X S )2
2

ZL = RL + jX L
Z S = R S + jX S

1~ 2 RL
Pav = VS §£¦±¨ X L = − X S ²¬
2 (RL + RS )2

«®¦³ª² ªRL£®¦£¦¨£«±¨±®«´°¨¦£¥

∂P
av = 0
∂RL

(R + RS ) − 2RL (RL + RS ) = 0
L
2
(RL + RS )4

RL = R S

(Pav )max = VS ⋅
1~ 2 1
£¦¨£«±¨±®«
8 RS
X L = − X S RL = R S ²¨¦¥ Z L = Z S * ²³¥

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~ 2 ~ 2
1 1  1~ 2 1 VS VS
(Pav )source = Re VS
2 1
 = V = =
ZC + ZS  2 RL + R S 2 2R S 4R S
S
2

=50%²±¨£¬±®«¨±®«¦«¡£ZL¦³±®«¦³¦°£ª©¥¦

7 - 19
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´
Q ²¢±®¦³£¢²ª²´

1 ~ 2
CV
w0
£¦£±¨RLC¦¬¨ Q = = w 0CR = w 0 ⋅ 2 §££±´¨´
2α 1 ~2
GV
2

1 ~ 2
´¦£¦«¦±²£²ª C V ³¡£¥ª
2

2
[ { }]
~
1 1 2 1 ~ 2 1   Ve jw 0t 
CVC + LiL = C Re Ve jw 0t + L Re  =
2
2 2 2 2   jw 0L 
~ 2
 V 
[
1 ~
] 1
= C V cos( w 0 t + ϕ) 2 + L 
2 2  w 0L
sin(w 0 t + ϕ − ) =
π
2
 
~2
V
= C V cos 2 (w 0 t + ϕ ) + L ( )
1 ~2 1 1 ~2
sin 2
w t + ϕ = C V
2 (w 0L )2
0
2 2

1
w 0 =
2

LC

©®Q´³²®¦©´£ª´©¥¦

¤¸¥¢ ¤©¢¸° ¤¸¥¢ ¤©¢¸°
Q = w 0 ⋅ = 2π
£¢°¡ ¦¡¦¡º®¹ ²¶¥®® ·´±¤ £©§© ¸¥¦§®¡ º¦¡¦¥¡® ¤©¢¸°

7 - 20
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°±»¥§²

= −k 1e −t − 2k 2e −t − 0.632 sin(2 + −1.89)

i(0) = C = −0.316 ⋅ 2 sin(− 1.89) = 0.6

´£°£²«¡«¦¬ ©²´® yh = k 1e jw 0t + k 2e − jw 0t = k cos(w 0 t + ϕ )©²´®¦±ª

W = ∫ P(t )dt £²ª

Pav = I Re[Z] = V Re[Y ]

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°±­»¥§²

= −k 1e −t − 2k 2e −t − 0.632 sin(2 + −1.89)

i(0) = C = −0.316 ⋅ 2 sin(− 1.89) = 0.6

´£°£²«¡­«¦¬ ©²´® yh = k 1e jw 0t + k 2e − jw 0t = k cos(w 0 t + ϕ )©²´®¦±ª

W = ∫ P(t )dt £²ª

Pav = I Re[Z] = V Re[Y ]

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°±»¥§²

´£°£²«¡«¦¬ ©²´® yh = k 1e jw 0t + k 2e − jw 0t = k cos(w 0 t + ϕ )©²´®¦±ª

W = ∫ P(t )dt £²ª