Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title Higher National Diploma in Business Management

T.Haimmy
Assessor Internal Verifier
Unit 11 : Research Project
Unit(s)
Devise a project report based on the project proposal
Assignment title
J.Jenittan
Student’s name

List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction

criteria the Assessor has
awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the
student work? Y/N

Has the work been assessed

Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:

• Constructive?
Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment
criteria? Y/N

• Identifying opportunities for

improved performance? Y/N

• Agreeing actions? Y/N

Does the assessment decision need

Y/N
amending?
Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature(if
Date
required)
 Confirm action completed
Remedial action taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature
Programme Leader
Date
signature (if required)
Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID J.Jenittan/ E006854

Unit Title Research Project

Assignment Number 01 Assessor T. Haimy

23/05/2022 Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen business research project

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M2 D1

Descripts

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

Pass, Merit & Distinction P5 M3 D2

Descripts

LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Pass, Merit & Distinction P6 P7 M4 D3

Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades decisions have
been agreed at the assessment board.
Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor signature Date

jjenittan@gmail.com 23/05/2022

Student signature Date

Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Business
Unit 11: Research Project
Assignment 01
General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use previous page as
your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.
3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.
4. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.
5. Allow 1” for top, bottom , right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.

Word Processing Rules

1. The font size should be 12 point, and should be in the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.
4. Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and Page Number
on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing your assignment.

Important Points:

1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the compulsory information.
eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the body except for the before mentioned
compulsory information will result in rejection of your work.
2. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late submissions will not be
accepted.
3. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
4. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.
5. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
6. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply (in
writing) for an extension.
7. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .
8. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic RE FERRAL. You will then be asked to
complete an alternative assignment.
9. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using HARVARD
referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation and a reference list.
10. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be reduced to A
REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course
Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it as my own
without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the assignments for this
program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my own, and where
I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding agreement between
myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not attached to the
attached.

Student’s Signature: Date:

jjenittan@gmail.com 23/05/2022
Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number J.Jenittan/ E006854

Unit Number and Title Unit 11 – Research Project

Academic Year 2020/2022

Unit Tutor T. Haimy

Assignment Title Devise a project report based on the project proposal

Issue Date 18/04/2022

Submission Date 23/05/2022

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

The submission should be in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal
business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and
subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using Harvard referencing
system.

Report format- Please provide a referencing list using Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is
minimum 4,500 words

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO2. Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen business research project.;

LO3. Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders;

LO4. Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Learner is now required to provide a comprehensive research project report based on the findings of secondary
and primary researches carried out on the project proposal submitted in the previous section.

The Learner requires to produce a detailed research project report covering following areas

• Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a business research
project that consider costs, access and ethical issues.
• Apply proper data collecting tools and discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to
data collection and analysis
• Carry out your research and apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse research findings
and data.
• Draw conclusion based on the research findings.
• Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience, demonstrating
how outcomes meet set research objectives.
• Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and make valid, justified recommendations.
• Provide critical reflection and insight that results in recommended actions for improvements and
future research considerations.
• Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource process leading to recommended actions
for future improvement.
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Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

appropriate methods for a business research project that
consider costs, access and ethical issues

P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse research

findings and data.

M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to

data collection and analysis.

P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate

manner for the intended audience.

M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the

intended audience, demonstrating how outcomes meet set
research objectives.

D2 Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and make

valid, justified recommendations.

P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied

for meeting objectives of the business research project.

P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons

learnt in view of the outcomes.

M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in

recommended actions for improvements and future research
considerations.

D3 Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource

process leading to recommended actions for future
improvement.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Research Topic ................................................................................................................... 14
1.1 Introduction of Digital Work Place Transformation ................................................................ 14
1.2Introduction of Selected Organization Dialog Jaffna. ............................................................... 15
1.3 Justification of Selected Topic ........................................................................................... 16
1.4 Limitations of the Research ...................................................................................................... 17
1.4 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................. 17
2.0 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 18
3.0 Conceptual Frame Work..................................................................................................... 23
Research hypotheses....................................................................................................................... 23
4.0 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 25
Quantitative data collection methods ..................................................................................... 26
Qualitative data collection methods ....................................................................................... 26
5.0 Saunders Research Onion ................................................................................................... 27
6.0 Population and Sampling.................................................................................................... 32
7.0 Results and Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 34
7.1 Descriptive analysis of Sample Profile..................................................................................... 34
7.2 Inferential Statistics Analyses .................................................................................................. 40
8.0 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ 41
8.1Recommendation of Dialog....................................................................................................... 41
8.2 Recommendation of Future Researcher ................................................................................... 41
9.0 Reflective Statement ........................................................................................................... 42
References ...................................................................................................................................... 43

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Abstract
This research is about the impact of Globalization, Technology, Culture in Digital Work
Place Transformation. The selected organization to do the research is Dialog Jaffna. factors
that affected the Digital work place transformation and the conceptual model are discussed
in literature part.

In methodology section Saunders Research onion is clearly explained layer by layer and
also about the questionnaire, quantitative and qualitative methods are discussed. Next to
that the results and discussion part contain the barriers in talent management part findings
and correlations. Finally, the conclusion and also some of the recommendation are provide
by the author to the organization and to the future researcher.

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1.0 Research Topic

Impact of Globalization and New technologies in Digital Work Place Transformation at
Dialog Jaffna.

1.1 Introduction of Digital Work Place Transformation

A digital work place goes beyond the limits of a physical office. It’s the digital ecosystem of our
everyday work. High quality digital work places facilitate knowledge sharing, collaboration and
create connected environment providing access to everything employees need with the help of
digital technology. The term digital workplace has been used for several years now, back in 2009,
Paul Miller, founder of digital workplace group (DWG), introduced the term to describe the wide
ecosystem of workplace technologies. Since then, the digitalization of the work place has evolved
constantly. Defining what makes a successful digital workplace company is always challenging.
Ultimately, digital workplace solutions represent the natural evolution of the work place which
gathers a set of technologies, platforms, and tools digital employees need to deliver business results
(Lumsapp.com, 2020).

This is including multiple aspects such as social and collaborative tools, communication and
messaging apps, cloud storage tools, corporate intranet platforms, knowledge management system,
documentation sharing and storing, content management system, internal and external content
sharing tools (Lumsapp.com, 2020).

The digital workplace creates a centralized hub for employees to access information and perform
their work responsibilities, technology has changed the way people work. The work place is no
longer just a physical workplace, instead, companies can operate through cloud based digital
workplace platforms. Employees can access their work from anywhere as long as they have a laptop
computer and an internet connection. Creating a digital workplace involves implementing multiple
business process and strategies to give employees the right tools to perform their core job
responsibilities. For a digital workplace to enhance employee experience, it should, be holistic and
provide full integration with existing work applications, provide for easy information sharing and
collaboration, deliver a harmonized user experience in the work environment. The digital workplace
is not just the introduction of work technologies. It’s a change in the working mindset and structure
of the organization (Lumapps.com, 2020).

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1.2Introduction of Selected Organization Dialog Jaffna.

Dialog Axiata PLC has been at the forefront of innovation in the mobile industry in
Sri Lank since the late 1990s, propelling the nation’s mobile telephony
infrastructure to a level of advancement on par with the developed world. The
company delivers advanced mobile telephony and high-speed mobile broadband services
toa subscriber base of 13.8 million Sri Lankans, via 2.5G, 3G/3.5G and 4G networks.
Dialog Axiata PLC, a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad (Axiata), operates Sri
Lanka’s largest and fastest growing mobile telecommunications network. The Company
is also one of the largest listed companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange in terms of
market capitalization.

Dialog, is also Sri Lanka’s largest Foreign Direct Investor (FDI) with investments totaling
USD 2.3Bn. Dialog, a winner of six GSMA Mobile World Awards has the distinction
of being voted by Sri Lankan consumers as the Telecom Service Provider of the
Year for six successive years and Internet Service Provider of the Year for the fifth
consecutive year. Dialog Axiata supplements its market leading position in the Mobile
Telecommunications sector with a robust footprint and market presence in Sri
Lanka’s Fixed Telecommunications and Digital Pay Television markets through its
fully-owned subsidiaries, Dialog Broadband Networks, Private limited (DBN), Dialog
Television (Private) Limited (DTV) and Digital Holdings Lanka private limited.

Dialog is an ISO 9001 certified Company and has received numerous local and
international awards, including the National Quality Award and the Sri Lanka Business
Excellence Award, and endorses the worldwide Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
which aim to build a sustainable future for all by 2030 (Dialog Annual Report, 2020).

The ordinary shares of Dialog Telekom are currently listed on the Colombo Stock
Exchange (CSE). Dialog Telekom offered 712,336,293 shares in the Initial Public Offering
(IPO), which was oversubscribed within 1 hour on the day of opening and raised Rs.
8,548.04 million. The Largest ever IPO in Sri Lanka to the value of Rs. 8.5 billion. The
shares were oversubscribed 6.5 times.

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With this IPO Dialog Telekom established several milestones and performance records on
Sri Lanka’s capital market. The Dialog IPO also set a new benchmark in terms of being the
fastest to commence trading on the CSE in just 14 market days from the closure of the
issue.
Milestones established include: Largest ever IPO in Sri Lanka to the value of Rs 8.5billion
Highest Level of Subscription received at an IPO Rs 56.2billion, Highest Level of Overseas
Subscription at an IPO Rs 40billion, only listed company to achieve a market capitalisation
of 1 billion US Dollars, Highest number of trades at 13,254 on 28th July 2005.

Dialog Telekom’s Rights Issue which concluded on 13th June 2007 raising 15.5 billion for
the company, was successfully subscribed for by over 100%, thereby making the issue the
largest ever equity raising to be executed in the Sri Lankan Capital market.
The inward foreign currency remittances for the rights issue exceeded USD 130 Mn
representing one of the largest foreign investment flows to the country (DialogAxiata,
2017).

1.3 Justification of Selected Topic

This research will be exploring how HNB bank workers in a digital environment managed their
personal time during the workday to justify their non-work-related activities as essential and
appropriate. This research describes how the constructs of low power distance and low uncertainty
avoidance (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010) symbolized and influenced the time management
practices of corporate comparing the hierarchical aesthetic distance between employees and
employers to the acceptable measures of risk that workers are willing to take while on the job.
Unique to this study was the implementation of digital work, a flexible, iterative, course-correcting
approach to quantitative inquiry deploying an embedded researcher. this research synthesized
various perspectives to present how employees managed digital work place during the workday to
justify their non-work-related activities as essential and appropriate (Management guide,2020).

While around a decade ago research technology and Globalization use as an important work
characteristic making organizations more reflexive, flexible, and dynamic

Therefore, author has interested to check that Impact of Digital Work Place Transformation of
Dialog Jaffna and how Dialog- Jaffna manages the barriers. Through engaging in the research
author can suggest some recommendations to rectify the barriers of Dialog- Jaffna and develop the
professional skills of author.

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1.4 Limitations of the Research

The main three limitations of the research are scope, time and cost. Scope of the research
want to narrow down by the research because the time is limited to this research and the
cost is also limited, this research is doing to the course need hence this is the reason the
time is also limited and also this is a small quantitative research and at the same time, cost
is also limited because author is still depend on family and also this is the reason to reduce
the sample size. Hence mainly the money and time is consistent in this research.

1.4 Research Objectives

The objective of this research is to find out how key drivers influencing Digital work place
transformation at Dialog Jaffna.

1.5 Specific Objectives

There are four specific objectives in this study, such as

1. To find out the Globalization influencing in digital work place transformation at Dialog
Jaffna.
2. To find out the Technology influencing in digital work place transformation at Dialog
Jaffna.

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2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Digital Work Place Transformation

Charles Grantham and Larry Nichols (1993) were defined Digital workplace as collection
of all the digital tools in an organization that allow employees to do their jobs. Those tools
include intranet, communication tools, email, CRM, ERP, HR system, calendar and other
enterprise processes or tools which assist in the general day-to-day functioning of a
business (Perks, 2015). Getting digital workplace transformation right is vital for
sustainable business success in a new digital first, consumer centric business world. The
digital workplace affects physical workplaces, technology, and people. Changes made in
one area may result in changes in another.

Today’s workplace should provide employees with consistent, consumer-like user

experience, one that is wholly aligned with the way people work today. Business leaders
expect their digital workplace solutions (DWS) to raise employee engagement, enable
employees to achieve business outcomes faster, and empower employees to reduce cost
and increase efficiency. These leaders desire a robust IT service that is aligned with the
way people work today, regardless of platform and location. Employees now expect a
digitally-driven work experience that is personal, real-time, mobile-enabled, collaborative,
and that exploits consumer-oriented styles and technologies.

According to the Department of Commerce (2002), as of September 2001, almost 57% of

the 115 million employed workers age 25 years and older (65 million) used a computer at
work. Of those workers, 74% (48 million) also have Internet access. The resulting 41.7%
of the total adult Benson etal. Technology 393 Downloaded from adh.sagepub.com at
Pennsylvania state uni on September 16, 2016 workforce with computers and Internet
access at work in 2001 reflects a marked increase from the 26.7% reported in 2000. Internet
access is more likely to be found in some areas of the workplace than in others. The
Department of Commerce (2002) found that 80.5% of workers in managerial and
professional specialty occupations have at-work Internet access, closely followed by 70.5%
of workers in technical, sales, and administrative positions. Conversely, only about 20% of
the workers classified as operators, fabricators, and laborers and those working in
occupations categorized as farming, forestry, and fishing have Internet access. It is not clear

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whether these data suggest that those occupations with less Internet access cannot benefit
from the Internet or that little work has been done to determine what performance
improvements computers with Internet access could provide (Department of Commerce,
2002). These numbers do suggest a relationship between Internet access in the workplace
and level of education. The median education level of those employed in occupations with
high proportions of Internet access is a college degree, or at least some college experience,
whereas the median education level for those employed in occupations with low Internet
access is a high school diploma (Department of Commerce, 2002).

The differences in Internet access across occupational categories affects the distribution of
Internet access by gender. Because women tend to be members of the managerial and
professional occupational categories more than the laborer and fishing categories, the
proportion of women who use a computer at work exceeds the proportion of men by a 62%
to 51% margin (Department of Commerce, 2002). Further analysis shows that even though
men and women may both have computer and Internet access at work, women trail in their
use of Internet technology in the workplace (Cox, 2002). Women tend to use their
networked computers for word processing– related activities and sending e-mail, whereas
men tend to use the Internet for more advanced activities such as work-related Web
searches for specific information to complete a task (Cox, 2002).

There are lots of statements are find out through different researches based on digital work
place transformation. Charles Grantham and Larry Nichols stated that Digital workplace as
collection of all the digital tools in an organization that allow employees to do their jobs.
on the other hand, Department of Commerce state that almost 57% of the 115 million
employed workers age 25 years and older (65 million) used a computer at work. Of those
workers, 74% (48 million) also have Internet access (Cox, 2002).

Researcher find out the all of the founded definitions are similar and find Dialog’s Digital
work place transformation.

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2.2 Technology Tools in the Digital Workplace Transformation

Although the impact of the Internet is not an issue for every worker, access has changed
the lives of those who have it. The status of the Internet is shifting from “being the dazzling
new thing to being a purposeful tool that Americans use to help them with some of life’s
important tasks” (Horrigan & Rainie, 2002, p. 2). At-work Internet users appear to be
moving beyond simple e-mail to integrated use of the Internet to complete their job tasks
(NetRatings, 2001b). At-work Internet users were much more likely in 2001 to access the
Internet for work-related research than in 2000, and 45% of those who have Internet access
at work say that the Internet helps them do their jobs (Horrigan & Rainie, 2002).

Almost 42% of workplace employees have access to computers with Internet connectivity.
These workers form a growing population of what is known as the digital workplace. The
use of the Internet and related Web based tools that define this new workplace is affecting
employee and organizational performance. These tools are shaping the way workers
communicate, learn, make decisions, and conduct business. As a result, the Internet and
related Web-based technology tools are important to HRD professionals who seek to fulfill
their roles as partners in improving workplace performance. This chapter lays a foundation
in the HRD literature for the effective use of these technologies and provides a base for
further structured inquiry into the use of the technologies to improve individual and
organizational performance.

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2.3 Globalization impact on Digital Work Place Transformation

According to Orunmoluyi (2002) it is a process of creating a global market in which

increasingly all nations are forced to participate. The process of globalization entails that
there is interconnection of sovereign nations through trade and capital flows; harmonization
of economy rules that govern relationship among these sovereign nations; creating
structures to support and facilitate interdependent and creating a global market place.

According to David (2002), state that globalization is the process of harmonizing different
culture and beliefs. Castells (1997), state that globalization is the process that eroding
differences in culture and producing a seamless global system of culture and economic
values. The harmonization.

According to Awake (2002), his achieved too due to advancement in communication and
countries are increasingly being forced to participate.

Therefore, globalization can be viewed as a process of shifting autonomous economies into

a global market. In other words, it is the systematic integration of autonomous economies
into a global system of production and distribution. The consequent is that the word of
separate nation-states is said to be ending if the process of globalization is allowing to run
its logical course. The new technology, based on the computer and satellite communication
have indeed revolutionized our traditional conception of the media, both print and
electronic. Books, newspapers, radio, television and video program are now being
transpose into the multimedia world of the cyber space and available to all people of the
world wherever they may live.

Organizations today exist in a complex environment that is directly affected by

globalization. In order to survive and succeed organizations must adapt to constantly
changing and evolving conditions of the global market. One of the many tools for gaining
a sustainable competitive advantage is setting a suitable organizational culture, one that
serves the needs of the organization, as well as the market it operates in. Organizational
culture is defined as “a pattern of shared basic assumptions amongst a group” (Schein,
2004). Commonly organizational culture is divided into two levels; the visible ‘group
behavior norm’ and the invisible ‘shared values’ (Kotter, 2008). Organizational culture
differs from national culture therefore organizations need to establish and practice their

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own organizational culture and adapt to the national culture of the physical location of the
company, whilst noting the impact on the individuals working within the company or as
stakeholders (Hofstede & Hofstede & Minkov, 2010).

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3.0 Conceptual Frame Work

Figure 1 Conceptual frame work (Developed by author)

Technology H1
Digital Work Place
Globalization H2
Transformation

(Independent Variable) (Dependent Variable)

Research hypotheses

The conceptual framework presented above can be used to develop a test hypothesis for the
study.

The research hypotheses that this study explores

H0a- There is a no relationship between Digital work place transformation and

Employees and organization Technology in work place.

H1b- There is a relationship between Digital work place transformation and Employees and
organization Technology in work place.

H0b - There is a negative relationship between Globalization in Digital work place.

H2b- There is a relationship between Globalization in Digital work place transformation.

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Hence every organization wants to concentrate in Digital work place transformation to lead
a sustainable development. And there are lots of advantages while managing the talent in
workplace with proper manner, and also the importance about the digital work place
transformation was discussed. The environment that manages the talent management in
proper way, want to continue the same and other organizations want to improve the interest
in Digital work place transformation.

Organizations can improve the Digital work place transformation through identify digital
work pace means to your organization and the needed level of digital work place, consider
career development offerings; in here organization want consider about the training and
development programs that organization offer to their employees, Organizations are
realizing the importance of workplace transformation which reflects modern work styles,
user preferences and maturing technologies. A large portion of work today is “Information
Work”—work that requires information to be executed, and in which information often
determines the outcome of the work (The Work Foundation, 2009).

Hence author suggest that every organizations must want to take care of the level of using
Digital workings and then only organizations can engage the employees in proper way. To
complete the literature review author, use primary data.

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4.0 Methodology

The Quantitative research is more adapted to this research. Quantitative research involves
the process of objectively collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or
control variables of interest. This type of research can be used to establish generalizable
facts about a topic and on the other hand Qualitative research is expressed in words. This
is used to understand the concepts, thoughts, or experiences. This type of research allows
gathering in-depth insights on topics that are not well understood (Simplypsycology.org,
2022).

Qualitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical

data, such as language. Qualitative research can be used to understand how an individual
subjectively perceives and gives meaning to their social reality. Qualitative data is defined
as non-numerical data, such as text, video, photographs or audio recordings. This type of
data can be collected using diary accounts or in-depth interviews, and analyzed using
grounded theory or thematic analysis (Simplypsycology.org, 2022).

For this research Quantitative data collection was chosen that was questionnaire.
Quantitative data methods used by author is that it is comparatively economical, easier to
render and quicker for respondents to answer. In quantitative research the collected data
can be numerically measured using statistical tools, resulting in sharp, unambiguous
findings. This is the main reason for choosing Quantitative method.

However, qualitative research has more reliability than quantitative research and also in
qualitative research author can find more details and can easily ask or analyses the
explanation and reasons of the problems. Hence qualitative research also has certain
advantages and quantitative research usually has more respondents than qualitative
research because it is easier to conduct a multiple-choice survey than a series of interviews
or focus groups, thus the data method is differing based on the reach motive
(Simplypsycology.org, 2022).

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There are Different between Quantitative and Qualitative data collection

Quantitative research, Focuses on testing theories and hypotheses Focuses on exploring ideas and
formulating a theory or hypothesis, Analyzed through math and statistical analysis, , Mainly
expressed in numbers, graphs and tables, Requires many respondents, Closed (multiple choice)
questions, , Key terms: testing, measurement, objectivity, replicability ,Mainly expressed in words,
Analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and interpreting ,Requires few respondents Open-ended
questions, Key terms: understanding, context, complexity, subjectivity (Scribr.com, 2022).

Many data collection methods can be either qualitative or quantitative. For example, in
surveys, observations or case studies, your data can be represented as numbers (e.g. using
rating scales or counting frequencies) or as words (e.g. with open-ended questions or
descriptions of what you observe).

However, some methods are more commonly used in one type or the other.

Quantitative data collection methods

• Surveys: List of closed or multiple-choice questions that is distributed to a sample (online,

in person, or over the phone).
• Experiments: Situation in which variables are controlled and manipulated to establish
cause-and-effect relationships.
• Observations: Observing subjects in a natural environment where variables can’t be
controlled.

Qualitative data collection methods

• Interviews: Asking open-ended questions verbally to respondents.

• Focus groups: Discussion among a group of people about a topic to gather opinions that
can be used for further research.
• Ethnography: Participating in a community or organization for an extended period of
time to closely observe culture and behavior.
• Literature review: Survey of published works by other authors.

However Quantitative research is easy to collecting data and analyzing data quickly, therefore

choose the quantitative research method. Researcher chosen quantitative research.

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5.0 Saunders Research Onion

The research onion was developed by Saunders et al. (2007) in order to describe the stages
through which the researcher must pass when formulating an effective methodology. First,
the research philosophy requires definition. This creates the starting point for the
appropriate research approach, which is adopted in the second step. In the third step, the
research strategy is adopted, and the fourth layer identifies the time horizon. The fifth step
represents the stage at which the data collection methodology is identified. The benefits of
the research onion are thus that it creates a series of stages under which the different
methods of data collection can be understood, and illustrates the steps by which a
methodological study can be described (Kessaya.com, 2022).

Figure 2 Saunders Research Onion (Developed by author).

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Research Onion

Techniques and procedures

Time horizons

Choices
Approache
Strategies s

Philosophie
s
Positivism

Experiment Survey Deductive

Case
study Realism

Mono method

Cross sectional Action resear Data collection

Mixed methods

and data analysis Grounded theory

Longitudinal Interpretivism

Inductive

Multi method Ethnography

Archival research

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Research approaches are further explained by using Saunders Research onion as in the
above diagram.

The outermost layer is philosophy which sets the stage for the research process and defines
the method that is adopted. The research approach in the second step and the research
strategy is adopted as the third step. The fourth layer classifies the time horizon, and the
fifth step represents the stage at which the data collection methodology is identified. First
layer is philosophy, and it contains positivism, realism, interpretivism and pragmatism.
Positivism holds the view that scientific knowledge is considered true and is characterized
by the testing of the hypotheses. Other researchers can produce the same or similar
quantifiable results finding from some statistical analysis, according to the realism through
continuous research and application of new methods changed and more reliable results are
expected, interpretivism prefers the use of qualitative analysis to get the results and
pragmatism links theory and practices.

Hence in the outermost layer researcher chooses positivism because the research is going
to be based on testing hypotheses, Researcher wanted to find out the empirical research
therefore chosen Positivism philosophy.

The Second layer deductive approach develops the hypothesis or hypotheses upon a pre-existing
theory and then formulates the research approach to test it (Silverman, 2013). The deductive
approach can be considered particularly suited to the positivist approach, which permits the
formulation of hypotheses and the statistical testing of expected results to an accepted level of
probability (Snyder & Lerner, 2009).

Deductive approach uses questionnaire to create understanding of observation which allows you to
compare different understanding of the people through empirical data. The data gathered helps to
confirm or reject the question, the process can be repeated. The inductive approach allows for you
to create a theory rather than adopt a pre-existing one as in the deductive. This clearly outlines the
difference in the two approaches. The inductive approach is characterized as a move from the
specific to the general (Bryman & Bell, 2011). In this approach, there is no framework that initially

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informs the data collection and the research focus can thus be formed after the data has been
collected (Flick, 2011).

Researcher choses deductive method because in this research main consideration is testing
the hypotheses and the research is built according to the hypotheses. Inductive method is
most appropriate to qualitative research because of this reason author rejects this method.
Strategies contain experiment, survey, case study, action research, grounded theory, ethnography
and archival research.

Experimental research refers to the strategy of creating a research process that examines
the results of an experiment against the expected results. It can be used in all areas of
research, and usually involves the consideration of a relatively limited number of factors
(Saunders et al., 2007), Survey strategy of the research onion is often linked with the
deductive approach. It is one of the finest and economical research strategies. You can
collect rich and reliable data through this method. Surveys tend to be used in quantitative
research projects, and involve sampling a representative proportion of the population
(Bryman & Bell, 2011), Survey strategy of the research onion is often linked with the
deductive approach. It is one of the finest and economical research strategies. You can
collect rich and reliable data through this method. Surveys tend to be used in quantitative
research projects, and involve sampling a representative proportion of the population
(Bryman & Bell, 2011), action research is a this strategy is used to find the solution that
can be used to resolve a certain problem, grounded theory is help to predict and explain
behavior and also this theory is built on observations, ethnography is a studies of people in
natural surroundings in order to develop theory around behavior and culture and archival
research derives information from existing data and archive documents.

In strategies, researcher selects survey because it is a quantitative research and survey

allows to collect and analysis the quantitative data and close ended questionnaires can also
help to analysis.
The fourth layer of the research onion is Research Choices, and this layer contains mono
method, mixed-methods and multi-method. In mono method data are collecting either
qualitative data or quantitative method on the decisions made in the other stages of research
onion, in mixed method data collection can be do both quantitative and qualitative method

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with an intention to use those equally in all the process of the research and in multimethod
qualitative and quantitative data collection can be combined.

Choosing to use a mono method means that will only make use of one data type – either
qualitative or quantitative, in this research author chooses mono method because this is a
short scale research and have limited time allocation.
The fifth layer describes cross-sectional time horizon is the one already established, whereby the
data must be collected. This is used when the investigation is concerned with the study of a
particular phenomenon at a specific time. Longitudinal: A longitudinal time horizon for data
collection refers to the collection of data repeatedly over an extended period, and is used where an
important factor for the research is examining change over time (Goddard & Melville, 2004).

Here cross-sectional method is suitable for this research because of the limited time duration and
longitudinal is not suitable because it will consume a lot of time.

Final layer of the research onion is data collection and analysis, and it contains primary and
secondary data. Primary data is collected through original or first-hand research and
secondary data is public information that has been collected by others. In this research
author chooses both primary and secondary data, for the research primary data can be
collected using questionnaire and to write literature review author needs secondary data
(Thesis mind, 2020).

Hence based on this Saunders research onion, from the outer layer to most inner layer
positivism, deductive, survey, mono method, cross- sectional and primary and secondary
data.

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6.0 Population and Sampling

The population of the research is the staffs of the Dialog Jaffna. Hence the population size
is forty. As per the sample size of the research is thirty-eight. Hence there are twenty-five
male workers and fifteen female workers. Author chooses Stratified random sampling
method and based on those twenty-three male workers and fifteen female workers were
chosen.

6.1 Data Collection

Pre – tested questionnaires were distributed to the staffs in Dialog- Jaffna. The Pre – testing
was held in Five HND BM Students at ESoft Metro campus with five staffs. After the pre-
testing author make some changes and distribute the final questionnaires to the staffs in
Dialog- Jaffna.

Questionnaire contains the some of the personal information about the respondents and if
Dialog- Jaffna. There is totally eighteen question structured and on that first eight questions
were demographic details about the respondents and the next twelve questions were tested
about the Key drivers influencing in Digital work place transformation.

6.2 Data Analysis

The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Both descriptive and inferential
statistics are used in the analyses.

6.3Ethical issues

Ethical issues of this research are assuring that mobile devises, pen drive and floppy discs
are couldn’t use to save the collected information, data are saving in the laptop with the
password which can accessible only by the researcher and after the assignment submitted
all the data are delete by the researcher and assure that this data will use only for this
particular research. This Research is fully done by with the consent of the respondent.

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6.4 Validity, Reliability, and Generalizability

Validity

Validity in qualitative research means “appropriateness” of the tools, processes, and

data. Whether the research question is valid for the desired outcome, the choice of
methodology is appropriate for answering the research question, the design is valid
for the methodology, the sampling and data analysis is appropriate, and finally the
results and conclusions are valid for the sample and context, Validity denotes to how
accurately a method of measure what it is proposed to measure (Fiano, 2020). To
increase the validity author, choose three variables with a concern of limited time,
future researcher can choose more variables and increase the validity.

Generalizability

Most qualitative research studies, if not all, are meant to study a specific issue or
phenomenon in a certain population or ethnic group, of a focused locality in a
particular context, hence generalizability of qualitative research findings is usually
not an expected attribute. However, with rising trend of knowledge synthesis from
qualitative research via meta-synthesis, meta-narrative or meta-ethnography,
evaluation of generalizability becomes pertinent, to increase the generalizability
researches can choose many branches to collect more data and through that researcher can
develop the generalizability of the research. However, this is small scale research and author
chooses one of the main branches of Dialog (Jaffna) and it is advisable to choose more
branches.

Reliability

In quantitative research, reliability refers to exact replicability of the processes and

the results. In qualitative research with diverse paradigms, such definition of
reliability is challenging and epistemologically counter-intuitive. Hence, the essence
of reliability for qualitative research lies with consistency, collected data will be tested
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by using Cronbach alpha to test the reliability of the data. Future researcher can collect data
2-3 times and also collect the data while the staffs are in free time these are helped to increase
the reliability. However, this is short time (small scale) research that’s the reason author
suggest this to the future researcher.

7.0 Results and Conclusion

7.1 Descriptive analysis of Sample Profile

Gender

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Male 20 50.0 52.6 52.6

Female 18 45.0 47.4 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

Majority of the sample showed amount of Male Staff employees high and Female
employees low is intake into the research.

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Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 18-25 years 6 15.0 15.8 15.8

26-35 years 18 45.0 47.4 63.2

36-45 years 6 15.0 15.8 78.9

46-49 years 5 12.5 13.2 92.1

50 and over 50 years 3 7.5 7.9 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

Majority of the sample showed amount of age group 26-35 years (47.4) and other
employees age group is 18-25 years (15.8), 36-45 years (15.8), 46-49 (13.2), 50 and over
50 (7.9) intake into the research.

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Civil status

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Single 16 40.0 42.1 42.1

Married 22 55.0 57.9 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

In the civil Status wise the majority of the employees are married (57.9) other one is
(42.1) intake in to the research.

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Education

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Diploma 4 10.0 10.5 10.5

Degree 10 25.0 26.3 36.8

Post graduate 22 55.0 57.9 94.7

other 2 5.0 5.3 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

Majority of the sample showed amount of Educational level Post graduates (57.9) and other
employees Degree is (26.3), Diploma (10.5), Other (5.3) intake into the research.

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Salary

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 35001-45000 6 15.0 15.8 15.8

45001-55000 18 45.0 47.4 63.2

55001-65000 13 32.5 34.2 97.4

65001-75000 1 2.5 2.6 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

Majority of the sample showed amount of Salary 45001-55000 (47.4) and other employees
is 55001-65000 (34.2), 35001-45000 (15.8), 65001-75000 (2.6), intake into the research.

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Working experience

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 2 yeas 4 10.0 10.5 10.5

2-3 years 19 47.5 50.0 60.5

3-4 years 15 37.5 39.5 100.0

Total 38 95.0 100.0

Missing System 2 5.0
Total 40 100.0

Majority of the sample showed amount of Working experience 2-3 years (50.0) and other
employees is 3-4 years (39.5), 2 years (10.5), intake into the research.

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7.2 Inferential Statistics Analyses

Coefficientsa

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

1 (Constant) .951 1.170 .813 .422

Technology .028 .219 .021 .130 .898

Globalization .402 .255 .260 1.572 .125

a. Dependent Variable: DWPT

As per the correlation analysis there is a no relationship between Digital Work Place
Transformation and globalization with 99% confident level.

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8.0 Recommendation

8.1Recommendation of Dialog

Recommendation to the Management of Dialog Jaffna is, increase the Digital Work Place
Transformation because a proper leader must need person in every organizations to
overcome the barriers using different strategy and the next recommendation is motivate the
employees for the growth, this can help to the employees to increase their talents, through
these Dialog Jaffna to overcome the barriers and also can easily run a sustainable
organization. As per the finding in correlation there is a relationship Digital Work Place
Transformation and Technology hence, wants does Digital Work Place Transformation
Dialog Jaffna wants to consider about, There is a correlation between Digital Work Place
Transformation and Globalization, hence, Dialog Jaffna want to provide a technology And
also, there are a correlation between Digital Work Place Transformation and Globalization
hence Dialog Jaffna want to consider the independent variables in Digital Work Place
Transformation.

8.2 Recommendation of Future Researcher

In this research author choose only one branch that is Dialog Jaffna because of lack of time.
Hence future researchers can choose all the branches of the chosen organizations or at least
more than six branches of the chosen organizations can help to find accurate information.
Future Researchers can consume more time do an in-depth analysis in literature can also
help to find more factors.

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9.0 Reflective Statement

This ‘Research project’ subject I learn many of the things and this research help me to learn
new things. Some of the main skills I gained are report writing, analysis of information
from different sources, critical thinking, planning and scheduling and critical analysis. My
strengths are hardworking, open minded, good writing skill, good time management and
love to learn new thing. My weaknesses are limited technology knowledge (SPSS), less
family support, limited reading skill and also less academic knowledge.

My opportunities are I already wrote three article which was published and there are many
organizations near to my house on the other hand threats are allocated time, covid pandemic
and high restitutions by government and now economic down also.

While doing the research I can easily notice my some of the SWOT factors are used and
some are changed. I utilize my strengths and also I change some of my weakness as my
strength, basically I have a poor knowledge in SPSS using hence I communicate with my
lecturer and I got a good amount of knowledge, my both parents are going to work so they
didn’t help me in my education, however based on the covid pandemic organizations didn’t
allow the students because of covid fear, to overcome that problem my parents came with
me to the organization and help me to complete the research , through reading the research
papers I get to know more new words and our lecturer provide a good amount of knowledge
about academic knowledge. I use the opportunity that’s I easily intro about my self-using
the article and also, I choose the Dialog Jaffna which is located near to my house. To avoid
the threats the safety measures are used and also my time management skill is help me to
submit the assignment on time. Hence these are the benefits I earned from this research.

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