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ARDHI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES, REAL ESTATES BUSINESS AND

INFORMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND VALUATION

Course code: IS 141

Course Name: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

TUTORIAL SHEET 2

1. A stockist has 20 items in a lot. Out of which 12 are non defective and 8 are
defective. A customer selects 3 items from the 20 lot. What is the probability
that out of these three items

(a) Three items are non-defective

(b) Two are non defective and one is defective

2. A bag contains 6 green balls and 9 blue balls. Two balls are drawn one at a time
and without replacement. Find the probability that;

(a) both balls are of the same colour

(b) the balls are of different colours

(c) at least one the balls is blue.

3 Four coins are tossed simultaneously. what is the probability of getting;

(a) 2 heads

(b) 3 heads

(c) atleast 3 heads

4 A box contains ten screws three of which are defectives. Two screws are drawn
at random; find the probability that both the screws drawn are defective if they
were drawn:

(a) with replacement

(b) without replacement

5 (a) Two ordinary dice are thrown. Find the probability that the:
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(i) numbers on the upper faces of the two dice differ by more than 2.
(ii) product of the two numbers occured is even.
5 (b) An ordinary die is thrown. Find the probability that the number obtained is;
(i) A multiple of 3
(ii) less than 7
(iii) a factor of 6
6 A group of girls at school is entered for probability and statistics Modules. Each
girl takes only modules M1 or module M2 or both M1 and M2 . The probability
that a girl is taking M2 given that she is taking M1 is 15 , the probability that a
girl is taking M1 given that she is taking M2 is 13 . Find the probability that;
(i) a girl selected at random is taking both M1 and M2
(ii) A girl selected at random is taking only M1
7(a) Events A and B are such that P(A)= 32 , P(A/B)= 23 , P(B)= 14 . Find
(i) P(B/A)
(ii) P(A ∩ B )
7(b) In a group of 100 people, 40 own a cat, 25 own a dog, 15 own a cat and a dog.
Find the probability that a person chosen at random
(i) owns a dog or a cat
(ii) owns a dog, given that he owns a cat
(iii) does not own a cat, given that she owns owns a dog.
8 A manufacturing firm produces steel pipes in three plants with daily production
volumes of 500, 1000 and 2000 units respectively. According to past
experience, it is known that the fractions of defective outputs produced by the
three plants are respectively, 0.005, 0.008 and 0.010. If a pipe is selected from
days total production and found to be defective, what is the probability that it
came from the;
(i) first plant
(ii) the second
(iii) the third plant?
9 A Factory has three machines A,B,C producing large numbers of a certain item.
Of the total daily production of the item, 50% are produced on A, 30% are
produced on B and 20% on C. Records show that 2% of items produced on A
are defective, 3% of the items produced on B are defective and 4% of the items
produced on C are defective. The occurrence of a defective items is independent
of all other items. One item is chosen at random from a day’s total output.
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(i) Show that the probability of its being defective is 0.027

(ii) Given that it is defective, find the probability that it was produced on machine A

10(a) Two discs are drawn without replacement from a box containing nine black and
six white discs. If X is the random variable ’the number of white discs drawn’

(i) Find the probability function for X.

(ii) Find the cumulative distribution function of X.

(iii) Find E(X)

(iv) Find E(X 2 )

(v) Find V ar(X)

(vi) Find V ar(3X − 4)

(b) Write out the probability distribution for the number of tails, X obtained when
three fair coins are tossed.

11 X has the probability distribution as shown in the table

x 1 2 3 4 5
1 3 1 1
P(X=x) 10 10
a 5 20

(i) Find the value of a

(ii) Find P(X≥4)

(iii) Find P(X<1)

(iv) Find P(2≤X<4)

12 The discrete random variable X has the probability function


kx
 x2 +2 , x = 2, 3

p(X = x) = x2kx 2 −1 , x = 4, 5

0, otherwise


(i) Find the value of k

(ii) Find the probability that X is less than 3 or greater than 4

(iii) Find F(3.2)

(iv) Find E(X) and V ar(X)

13 The discrete random variable R has p.d.f P(R=r)= c(3-r) for r=0,1,2,3.
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(i) Find the value of the constant c

(ii) Find P(1≤R<3)

14 A random variable X has the following probability distribution

Values of x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 3a 4a 6a 7a 8a

(i) determine the value of a

(ii) Find p(1<x<4)

(iii) E(5X + 4)

(iv) E(3X 2 + 6x + 10)

All the Best