Introduction

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as

Level 0) will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance
independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation.
The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three elements
namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to
the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of
the whole laboratory course activity especially to first and second year
students.
In these laboratory activities, students will be exposed to learn the basic
concepts and principles of various types of lighting lux where this can
assist them to determine the level of illumination for certain room.
Objectives
To determine the level of illumination for six different types of room.
Theoretical Background
The first purpose of lighting is to illuminate. Both natural daylight and
artificial lighting at night should be designed to provide a comfortable
level of illumination for viewing without causing eyestrain or fatigue.
Lighting design involves not only determine the amount of light
required within a space. It also concerned with the location pattern of the light
sources (windows and light fixtures), the distribution and
diffusion of light, and the reflectance of this light off the room’s surfaces
and object within it. The illumination can be measured by using Lux
Meter as shown in Figure 1.0. Different lighting sources give different
intensity of illumination.
Apparatus
Digital Lux Meter
Procedures
1. Press the button to turn the meter ON.
2. Place the sensor cover over the light sensor, effectively blocking all
lights to the sensor.
3. Select the 2000 Lux range using RANGE switch.
4. Press the zero buttons. The reading should be zero.
5. Remove the sensor cover from the light sensor and proceed
with the measurement.
6. Hold the light sensor in the area where light is to be collected. (The
light being measured must encompass the entire surface of the light
sensor dome).
7. It may be necessary to adjust the RANGE if the reading on the
display shows dashes along the top of the reading area (select
range 2000 Lux, 20000 Lux or 50000 Lux).
8. Take not less than 3 reading of illumination of each location to be
measures and calculate the average.
9. Compare the result with the illumination standard.
Results and Data Analysis
Location High from Lux Measurement Average Standard
ground illumination
(m)
Laman 1.0 299.813 200
Perdana 400 350 350 325 325

400 219 218 294 256

267 319 296 267 267

244 267 230 208 228

344 244 267 246 282

Studio 1.0 313.813 200
Lukisan 247 272 330 380 423
Perdana 2
215 250 363 425 314

244 258 368 396 337

199 288 392 418 325

290 280 358 392 299

Hallway 1.0 242.438 300

145 267 267 988 1212

Bkp 3.1 1.0 322.313 200

271 240 304 320 260

305 305 291 315 306

306 334 320 338 329

446 472 339 340 341

375 434 435 400 445

 Makmal 1.0 323.688 300
kekuatan 247 290 330 368 425
bahan 1

215 247 363 425 314

247 290 368 425 425

200 290 392 418 368

290 392 358 392 299

Makmal 1.0 394.625 300

Komputer D 420 453 434 376 376

420 453 404 376 240

453 376 464 290 290

376 298 415 250 327

415 505 572 415 461

DISCUSSION
The purpose of a lighting system is to provide illumination in indoor and outdoor
spaces. Good lighting can improve visibility, safety, productivity, and the overall
mood and ambiance of a space. Lighting systems are also essential for providing
illumination and creating safe, comfortable, and functional environments in a wide
range of settings, including homes, workplaces, public spaces, and outdoor areas.
Thus, the illumination can be measured by using lux meter. Lux meters measured
the amount of light that falls on a surface and express it in lux units. Lux is a unit of
measurement that represents the amount of light that falls on a surface per square
meter (lm/m²).
By measuring the illumination level with a lux meter, you can ensure that lighting
conditions are appropriate for the tasks being performed in that area.
In this experiment, 6 different places have been chosen as our reference to see
whether each of the places meet the standard of illumination. The locations are
Laman Perdana, Studio Lukisan Perdana 2, Hallway, Bilik Kuliah Perdana 3.1,
Makmal Kekuatan Bahan 1 and Makmal Komputer D. Each of the room have
different standard illumination which is 200 and 300. The lighting of the place is
considered good when the average exceeds the illumination standard.
For the Laman Perdana the average is 300.625. The average is exceeding the
illumination standard which is 200. Next, for Studio Lukisan Perdana 2, the average
is 313.813. The average reading for Studio Lukisan Perdana 2 is also exceeds the
standard illumination which is 200.Other than that, Hallway average reading is also
exceed the illumination reading which is 300 by 504.625. BKP 3.1 average reading is
also exceed the illumination standard which is 200 with average reading of 322.313.
The average reading of Makmal Kekuatan Bahan 1 and Makmal Komputer D both
are 323.688 and 394.625 which are both sites exceed the illumination standard. The
illumination standard for both places is 300.
There are few errors that can be happen while doing this lab like instrument error
and human error. Instrument error can be happened because of the sensitivity of the
instrument. Due to the sensitivity the readings are difficult to get because the reading
is easily change when there is small movement when using lux meter. Random error
can be occurred due to misreading of the instrument or miscalculation of the
average. Thus, some precaution can be taken to avoid these errors. One of the
precautions is put the lux meter on stable place to get a fix reading. Double checked
the reading and calculation also can avoid any random error
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this laboratory objective is successfully achieved which is to determine
the level of illumination for six types of room. During the experiment we learn on how
the illumination works out on a place. The lux meter as our main instrument in this
experiment is used to determine the amount of light in a room. By using the lux
meter, we can obtain the average illumination reading. Lastly by the average
reading, the illumination standard will determine whether the room has a good,
intermediate or low lighting.