BIOMASS IN

INTERNATIONAL
GLASSES
B-3 Group
 MEMBERS
B3
Refaldy Zulhaq Kusuma Shava Alifia Salsabilla Tomoya Kaneta
ITS ITS SIT

Shafa Salsabila Kurniawan Rhatasya Kana Azzahra Virginia Masokan Siri Ryutaro Hanzawa
ITS UGM ITS SIT
 BACKGROUND OF THE

CONTENTS
TABLE OF
01
PROJECT
Talking about the reason we talk
about Biomass

EXPLANATION ABOUT

02
BIOMASS
Biomass definition, supply, demand,
and how important to the world

PROBLEM THAT

03
INTERNATIONAL WORLD FACE
Biomass challenge that has
become obstacle to implement

04
SOLUTION
In order to overcome the problem,
we propose the solution

05
STRATEGY TO IMPLEMENT
To implement solution, we will
explain the strategy and what
factors that will support

STRENGTH
● A potential alternative to fossil fuels
● If properly managed, it can be a renewable and
sustainable energy source
● It is carbon neutral
● Less expensive than fossil fuels
● Less garbage in landfills
OPPORTUNITIES
● There still exists a large untapped potential of
biomass from forestry
● The potential could be further extended by
developing technologies
● Broad spectrum of biomass feedstocks
● High demand market size
BACKGROUND
WEAKNESS
● Biomass energy is not as efficient as fossil fuel
● It is not entirely cleans
● If its not managed well, it can lead to deforestation
● Biomass plants require a lot of space
THREATS
● Climate change poses challenges to the whole
forestry
● Sustainable and cost-efficient manner production
● Variability in yields and performance which depends
on soil, ecology and crop selection.
● Residue ratios

BIOBUTANOL
Biobutanol implementation
to replace fossil fuel
gradually to maximize the
biomass utilization
SUBSTITUTE
BIOMASS AS A
BIOGAS
Biogas implementation to
partially replace natural gas for
electricity needs. That for now,
used by PLN Indonesia.
 Potential of wood pellet
Definition
Wood pellets are defined as compressed cylindrical
particles of biomass, with a diameter ranging from 6 to
12 mm, a length of approximately four times the
diameter, and moisture content lower than 8% (The
Swedish Association of Pellet Producers, 2006).
Capacity
Production forest area = 1.3 M ha
Wood-Based Biomass Energy target = 60 M tonnes/year
(Indonesian ministry of environment and forestry, 2022)
Moisture content of biomass wood
(Kaliandra, gamal, and some algae) = 10-15%
(Mulyasari & Tia, 2013)
QUESTION
CHALLENGE
Application
This form of solid biofuel has several applications for
commercial, industrial, and domestic heating and
power generation, making use of many high-
efficiency stoves and boilers on the market and
providing a competitive heating source as compared
to oil or natural gas (Overend, 2004).
Yield production
Moisture content of wood pellet ± 5%
Take 15% moisture content of biomass wood. One
ton of 15% moisture in the wood contains 0.15 tons
of water. After being pressed into pellets, it will
become 5%. By calculation, it is about 10% reduction,
there is 900 kg left.
Thus, potential production = 540 M tonnes/year
 COST
ESTIMATED
Estimated Present
Cost price value
Production
The production cost of wood Wood pellet selling price/kg =
pellets is estimated at around Rp Rp. 6,000
1.41 M/ton or US$ 114 per ton. The
(www.tokopedia.com)
break even point is 1400 tonnes
per year or around 84.7% of
actual production. The rate of Wood pellet price/ton =
return on investment (ROI) is Rp. 6,000,000
around 14.15%, slightly higher
than the loan interest rate of Estimated profit M/ton =
10.25%. 6 - 1.41 =
Rp. 4.59
(Simangunsong, et al., 2017)
The comparison of bio pellets conditions
in Japan, Korea, and Indonesia
Biomass is a concept that describes the amount

ABOUT BIOMASS
(mass) of biological resources (bio), "renewable
organic resources of biological origin, excluding
fossil resources.
Biomass is organic matter produced by living organisms
from water and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis
using solar energy, and is a renewable resource that is
sustainable over its life cycle as long as life and solar
energy are available. Fossil resources such as oil are
depleted when extracted from the ground, but plants can
produce biomass sustainably as long as there is sun, water,
and carbon dioxide.

Unlike the carbon dioxide emitted when fossil resources

are burned, the carbon dioxide emitted when biomass is
burned is carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere
through photosynthesis during the growth of living
organisms, and biomass is a "carbon neutral" resource
that does not add new carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
Biomass is a "carbon neutral" resource that does not add
new carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Therefore,
biomass is said to be a "carbon neutral" resource
that does not add carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere.
International Trends for 2018-2019

TO THE WORLD
HOW IMPORTANT
Global Bioenergy Market Trends. The Rise of China
China has already achieved the world's highest adoption of various renewable energy sources, including
solar and wind power.
World/ China/
China Rank
Quantity Quantity
In biomass power generation, China has been
the world's number one for three consecutive Power
generation 591 111 1
years from 2017 to 2019, and as of 2018 China (TWh)
was first place in terms of installed capacity.
Half of this capacity comes from waste power Power
generation, with the remainder coming from generation
131 22.5 1
capacity
agricultural and forestry residues. Pellet (GW)
production also increased rapidly, with a
reported production of 20 million tons in 2018, Pellet
which may already be the highest in the world. production 5,500 2,000 1
(10,000 t)

Bioethanol
1,140
production 40 4
(billion L)

source：https://www.npobin.net/hakusho/2020/trend_01.html
 WORLD FACE
INTERNATIONAL
PROBLEM THAT
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
The increase of renewable energy
demand still have to be balance
with the supply resources

CHALLENGES
Include the urgency of
conversion into biomass also the
challenges to implement
(Government Policy, etc.)

AFFORDABILITY
The prices that still high compares to
energy amount that converted
 Demand Growth in Global

DEMAND
SUPPLY AND
Sources: Nakada, S., Saygin, D. and Gielen, D. (2014) ‘Global Bioenergy supply and demand projections. A working paper for REmap 2030’, Irena, 5(September), p. 88.
Available at: www.irena.org/remap%0Ahttp://www.igc.int/en/downloads/grainsupdate/igc_5yrprojections.pdf.

From the international perspective, overall of Biomass Demand is growing except for the
traditional buildings.
● Growth between 2010 - 2030 = (2x) 1990 - 2010
● Demand for Power and District Heat Generation is the larger growth +3,7%
● Liquid biofuels for transport fast growth by 28% of biomass used
Biomass potentially become the most important resource to mitigate climate change In Total
 Demand Growth in Indonesia

DEMAND
SUPPLY AND
+10,6%
Avg. per year

Sources: ERIA’s Energy Outlook and Saving Potential (Kimura and Han, eds. 2021)

Meanwhile in Indonesia, the demand for renewable

energy are also increase.
● Fastest growth for the renewable energy type
● Demand for power generation dominant by
renewable energy for the increasement
The total biomass potential for electricity is
about 32.655 MWe
International Land Status Surplus = available land/land demand

● Suitable land available =

2.7 billion ha
● Current production =
1.3 billion ha
● Suitable but unused =
1.4 billion ha

Potential in Indonesia

● Biomass energy potential =

137 million tones
● Energy value potential =
39 million tones
● Most potential 73% comes from crop
and forest residues
 Operational

Challenges
● Material requirements must fulfill the facilities related
i.e: moisture (lower = better energy); size (feed rate), transport (safe), etc.
● Stock Availability (Inefficient resource management, season factor, etc.)
● Incapability of facilities and industries overall (overcome material diverse)

Social
● Complex decision and impact to each other (supplier, location, routes, etc.)
● Land issues (Impact to natural ecosystem and local people)
● Environmental aspects (Biomass plantation absorb nutrients from soil,
impact to biodiversity issues)

Policy
● Fuel price lower than renewable energy
● Regulation that constraint biomass is still not specific, so there’s no
concern
● There’s no focused regulation about biomass development
Centralization Opportunity Cost

AFFORDABILITY
Cost Dilemma

● Transport needs a higher ● Compared to the conventional

cost to keep its material quality
● Cost to centralize facilities
and plantation which should
be scattered
Shorten
energy cost, investor think
twice to invest on biomass
● High capital cost to develop
technology (pre-treatment,
facilities, higher operating cost,
etc.)
● High market risk (frequent
fluctuations on other energy)

Biomass

VS

Plantation Transport Facilities Unrenewable

Energy
SOLUTIONS

Supply and Demand Challenges

Availability is mainly reduced to forest areas,
but residues have much lower costs, are
dispersed and available almost everywhere.
We can help maintain the ecosystem with
reforestation. So we can keep the price of
biomass in the market stable (secure
inexpensive biomass).
Several countries such as Japan and Indonesia
have supported shifting fuel for energy like
biomass or ammonia. By doing a mix of power
generation, market liberalization, and raising
awareness of energy conversion to the wider
community. So we can contribute by helping the
government to spread awareness in our
community.

Affordability
Renewable energy from plants that are converted into biogas can be stored or injected into the
electricity grid to reduce dependence on fossil-fuel energy, which can help reduce our carbon
footprint. Therefore, they can help fight climate change.
As domestic and industrial users rely less on the energy produced with fossil fuels, greenhouse gas
emissions become lower. By gathering organic matter and controlling the fermentation process,
fewer methane emissions get into the atmosphere for improved air quality.
SOLUTIONS

Operational
In addition to food waste generated by
restaurants and households, used fried oil
generated by supermarkets, convenience
stores, food processing companies, etc. can
be used as a material . Using materials that
would normally be thrown away in this way
can help solve not only the energy problem
but also the garbage problem.
Social
As domestic and industrial users rely less on
the energy produced with fossil fuels,
greenhouse gas emissions become lower. At
the same time, by gathering organic matter
and controlling the fermentation process,
fewer methane emissions get into the
atmosphere for improved air quality.

Policy
We can increase the frequency of renewable energy
production later, so the price will be balanced, cause the
production is in tune with the price. As for regulations on
the development of biomass, there is still no way, but
several countries have regulations that are still sustainable
on biomass. For example, in Sri Lanka, in the paper titled
"Policies and Regulations Affecting Biomass-Related Energy
Sector Development in Sri Lanka"
 Abide by sustainable development goals.
Encourage collaboration with developed countries. IMPLEMENTATION
● research and technology
● policy STRATEGY
● investment
Increase conversation about biomass and its effect.
source: blog.rrc.co.uk

Market prices for different types of coal, Biomass is available everywhere in different forms such as:
2016-2020 ● Trees
● Bushes
● Herbs
● Vegetable
● Algae and microalgae
● Municipal Solid Waste

Australian low volatile PCI (FOB)

IEA. License: CC BY 4.0

source: mhaquatics.com
CHALLENGE STRATEGY IMPACT

Cost & pricing Pushing technology advancement Economically competitive cost & pricing
UPSTREAM

Supply availability Advancing agronomy research Climate resilient crops

DOWNSTREAM
Less
Improving conversion efficiency Higher product yield vulnerable
supply chain
DOWNSTREAM

Planning multi period storage Less wasted resources

Establishing decentralized energy Stable supply of feedstock for local

Energy security
generation system communities

Establishing consistency & coherence of More funding and subsidies to lower

Policy
national and international policy levelized cost of energy
 REFERENCES
Andiappan, V., How, B. S., & Ngan, S. L. (2021). A Perspective on Post-Pandemic Biomass Supply Chains: Opportunities and Challenges for the New

Norm. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, 5(4), 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-021-00176-5;

Challenges related to biomass, 2022. European Biomass Industry Association. https://www.eubia.org/cms/wiki-biomass/biomass-

resources/challenges-related-to-

biomass/#:~:text=Problems%20of%20biomass%20large%20scale,transported%2C%20300%20kg%20are%20water

Louis du Plessis. 2015. Japan’s Biomass Market Overview. JETRO : London, from

https://www.jetro.go.jp/ext_images/_Events/ldn/Japan_biomass_market_overview.pdf

Ghayal, M. S., & Pandya, M. T. (2013). Microalgae biomass: a renewable source of energy. Energy Procedia, 32, 242-250.IEA (2020), Coal 2020, IEA, Paris

https://www.iea.org/reports/coal-2020, License: CC BY 4.0Yousuf, A. (2020). Fundamentals of microalgae cultivation. In Microalgae

cultivation for biofuels production (pp. 1-9). Academic Press.

 THANK
YOU

"First thing in the morning you look after yourself, you brush
your teeth and wash your face, don’t you? Well, the second
thing you must do is to look after the planet."

—Antoine De Saint-Exupery