A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

“GEARLESS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM”

Submitted By

MORE ABHIJIT S. 2015600196

BANDRE SAGAR D. 2115600249
MURTADAK MAHESH R. 2115600258
WANKHEDE SHREYASH S. 2015600162

Under The Guidance Of

Prof. V. D. Patare

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ASHOK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

POLYTECHNIC, ASHOKNAGAR.

[2022-23]
 ASHOK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC, ASHOKNAGAR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, The Project Work Entitled

“GEARLESS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM”

Submitted by

MORE ABHIJIT S. 2015600196

BANDRE SAGAR D. 2115600249
MURTADAK MAHESH R. 2115600258
WANKHEDE SHREYASH S. 2015600162

As partial fulfillment of diploma course in “GEARLESS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM”

during academic year 2022 - 2023. Project work has been assessed by us
and we are satisfied that the same is up to the standard envisaged for the level of
course, and that the project work may be presented to external examiner.
Date:
Place:
Prof. V. D. Patare Prof. A. B. Murkute
(Project Guide) (H.O.D.)

External Examiner Principal

(AIETP,Ashoknagar)
 ASHOK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC, ASHOKNAGAR
[2022-2023]
“SUBMISSION”
We are the student of third year diploma in “MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING” humbly submit our project report has the partial fulfillment
of MSBTE Mumbai from July 2022 to May 2023
Under the guidance of Prof. V. D Patare we have done this project with our
own skill and that we have copied the report or its any report part from any
other literature in contravention to academic ethics.

Name Of Student Seat No. Signature

MORE ABHIJIT S. 490501
BANDRE SAGAR D 490507
MURTADAK MAHESH R. 490512
WANKHEDE SHREYASH S. 490491

DATE:

PLACE : ASHOKNAGAR
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Guidance is the key factor for achieving the goals. No project can be completed
without correct help from experts, in the field. At this point we wish to express our
gratitude towards those who have made our project successful.

We are extremely thankful to our project guide Prof. V.D.Patare Our endure without
his constant support and encouragement would not have been possible.

We are also thankful to Prof. A.B.Murkuter (HOD, Department of Mechanical

Engineering) for allowing us to do work on this project, which termed beneficial to
us. We are also thankful to the staff of the department and all those who have directly
or indirectly helped us in execution of our project.

MORE ABHIJIT S. 2015600196

BANDRE SAGAR D. 2115600249
MURTADAK MAHESH R. 2115600258
WANKHEDE SHREYASH S. 2015600162

4
 INDEX

Sr.no Sub. Name of topic Page

No No

1 Introduction 08

2 Working 11

3 Application 13

4 Comparson 15

4.1 Comparson of heard drive with 15

gearless drive

5 Selection of material 19

6 Cost estimation 26

7 Specification & manufacturing of parts 30

8 Possible & improvement advace 36

5
 8.1 Method of improving efficiency 36

8.2 Design 37

9 Advantages & Disadvantages gearless 38

transmission system

9.1 Advantages 38

9.2 Disadvantages 38

10 Conclusions 39

11 Work 40

12 Reference 43

6
 INDEX

Sr no. Name of table Page

no

1 Raw material & stand material 25

2 Material cost 29

3 Frame channel material 33

4 Pin material 34

5 Housing 35

7
 CHAPTER NO. 1
1. INTRODUCTION

Today’s world requires speed on each and every field. Hence rapidness and
quick working is the most important. Now a days for achieving rapidness, various
machines and equipment’s are manufactured by man. Engineer is constantly
conformed to the challenges of bringing ideas and design in to reality.

New machine and techniques are being developed continuously to

manufacture various products at cheaper rates and high quality. The project
“GEARLESS TRANSMISSION” being compact and portable equipment, which is
skillful and is having something practice in the transmitting power at right angle
without any gears being manufactured. This project gives us knowledge, experience,
skill and new ideas of the manufacturing. It is a working project and having
guarantee of the success.

El-bow mechanism is an ingenious link mechanism of slider and kinematic

chain principle. This is also called as “gearless transmission mechanism” this
mechanism is very useful for transmitting motion at right angles. However in certain
industrial application “gearless transmission at right angle” can also work at obtuse
or accurate angle plane can be compared to worm and worm gear or bevel and
pinion gear which are invariably used in the industry for numerous application.
The main feature for mechanism comparatively high efficiency between the input
and the output power shafts with regards to the gear efficiencies.

The El-bow Mechanism transmits the I/P power towards the O/P side such
away that the angular Forces produced in the slacks are simply transmitted with the
help of pins which takes up the I/P power and the right angle drive is transferred
towards the O/P slack and pin assembly. Hence very little friction plays while the
8
power is being transmitted; the Hunting and back lash are absent. Therefore, it is

9
appreciated that efficiency as high as 90-92% are possible in gear less transmission
mechanism.

The first application of this mechanism was made use of the “Big Ben Clock”
having four dials on the tower of London. This clock was installed sometime
between 1630-1635 AD and still it is functioning in good condition.

Figure 1: Concept Drawing of Machine

10
Figure 2: Working model of Gearless Transmission

11
 CHAPTER NO. 2
2.WORKING

The Gearless transmission or El-bow mechanism is a device for transmitting

motions at any fixed angle between the driving and driven shaft. The synthesis of
this mechanism would reveal that it comprises of a number ofpins would bebetween 3
to 8 the more the pins the smoother the operation. These pins slide inside hollow
cylinders thus formatting a sliding pair. Our mechanism has 3 such sliding pairs.
These cylinders are placed in a hollow pipe and are fastened at 120* to each other.
This whole assembly is mounted on brackets wooden table. Power is supplied by
an electric motor.

The working of the mechanism is understood by the diagram. An unused

form of transmission of power on shaft located at an angle. Motion is transmitted
from driving to the driven shaft through the rods which are bent to conform to the
angles between the shafts. These rods are located at the holes equally spaced
around a circle and they are free to slide in & out as the shaft revolves. This type of
drive is especially suitable where quite operation at high speed is essential but only
recommended for high duty. The operation of this transmission will be apparent by
the action of one rod during a revolution. If we assume that driving shaft “A” is
revolving as indicated by arrow the driven shaft B will rotate counter clockwise. As
shaft A turns through half revolution C shown in the inner and most effective driving
position slides out of both shafts A & B. The first half revolution and rod “C” then
will be at the top then during the remaining half this rod “C” slide in wards until it
again reaches to inner most position shown in Fig. in the meanwhile the other rods
have of course passed through the same cycle of movements all rods are
successively sliding inwards and outwards.
12
 Although this transmission is an old one many mechanics are skeptical about
its operation, however it is not only practicable but has proved satisfactory for
various applications when the drive is for shafts which are permanently located at
given angle. Although this illustration shows a right angle transmission this drive
can be applied also to shafts located at intermediate angle between 0* and 90*. In
making this transmission, it is essential to have the holes fora given rod located accurately
in the same holes must be equally spaced in radial and circumferential directions,
each rod should be bent to at angle at which the shaft are to be located. If the holes
drilled in the ends of the shafts have “blind” or closed ends, there ought to be a
small vent at the bottom of each rod hole for the escape of air compressed by the
pumping action of the rods. These holes are useful for oiling to avoid blind holes
shafts may have enlarged port or shoulder. This transmission may be provided
centrally and in line with the axis of each shaft and provided with a circular groove
at each rod or a cross-pin to permit rotation of the shaft about the rod simply active
as a retaining device for shipping and handling purposed.

13
 CHAPTER NO. 3
3.APPLICATION

The featured product has its widest application as an extension for a socket
wrench. Here the design makes it easy to reach fasteners in the automotive and other
mechanical industries, where direct access to bolts and screws is often limited.
However, the possible applications for this technology extend into numerous fields.
Just think of the possibilities for power transmission in push bikes, toys and hand-
cranked equipment, or for movement transmission in store and outdoor signage.

14
1. Driving for all kinds four faced tower clocks. The elbow mechanism was first used
in the year 1685 for the famous London tower clock named big ben.

2. The mechanism is invariable used for multiple spindle drilling operation

called the gang drilling.

3. Used for angular drilling between 0 to 90 degree position.

4. Lubrication pump for C.N.C. lathe machines.

5. The mechanism is very useful for a reaching a drive at a clumsy location.

6. Air blower for electronic and computer machine’s.

7. The elbow mechanism is used for movement of periscope in submarines.

15
 CHAPTER NO. 4
4.COMPARISON

4.1 COMPARISON OF GEARED DRIVE WITH GEARLESS DRIVE

The gearless drive is capable of transmitting motion at any fixed angle
between 0* to 90*. This desired effect is also possible with help of bevel gear.
Gearless differ to a great extent not only in their manufacturing method or working
principle but also in other aspects etc. the aspects have been discussed below

16
MANUFACTURING METHODS:-
Bevel gears, which are straight teeth or spiral teeth are manufactured on
special purposes machines. These require large amount of calculation and every pair
or set of gear are made together and there is no interchangeability.

The gearless drive has this advantage that it can be machined and manufactured on
conventional machines and it provide complete freedom of interchangeability.

I) WORKING PRINCIPLE:-
A gear comprises ofa frustum of a cone with teeth out on its periphery .The driving
gear mounted on the input shaft meshes with the driven gear and thus provides motion at
right angle to the input shaft.

The working of the gearless drive has been explained in the earlier chapter and
it obviously very different from the above.

II) CAUSE OF FAILURE:-

Starting with the principle that failure id the result of the stress i.e. condition
more severe than the material can with stand. The various type of failures such as pitting,
corrosion, erosion, fatigue etc. Cause the wearing of the gear tooth resulting in the
tooth leads to the replacement of the entire gear set, which is very expensive.

The effect of pitting, erosion, corrosion etc. will be present in the gearless
drive also but the effect of these will be not be as severe as in the case of geared
drive, failure will take place in the piston e.g...Either bending or crack of the pins,
but the main advantage is that only particular pin will have to be replaced instead of
case of failure.

17
VI) MATERIAL:-
The material chosen for any component must

1. be easily available
2. be capable of being processed in the desired emanations and
3. Have the necessary physical properties. The gears generally fail
due to bending, fatigue and impact and the gears are also
responsible for the failure of the components in the gears have to
very carefully determined since it may lead to pitting.

V) LUBRICATION AND COOLING:-

A few open gears drives are lubricated by grease but gear units are usually totally
enclosed and oil lubricated. The arrangement for lubrication is simple and easy,
since it requires only a leak proof housing in which the gears are placed and oil is filed.
This lubricating also acts as cooling medium. The heat generated and it then spreads to
other areas.

In the gearless drive lubrication and cooling plays a very major role. The
efficiency of the mechanism is affected by lubrication. Although the system of
lubrication and cooling is complex and discussed in the next chapter but gives good
result due to sliding contact between pins and cylinders, heat generated is more and
thus effective cooling is a must.

VI) TORQUE TRANSMITTUNG CAPACITY:-

The gear drive is capable of transmitting very high torque as compared to the
gearless drive which is meant only for low torque applications.

18
VII) LIFE AND EFFICIENCY:-
Designed life represents the total period of operation, regardless of any
variations of torque or speed, which may occur during that the time. The geared
drive is capable of giving an efficiency of about 40% and certain errors like
backlash, hunting etc... cannot be eliminated.

In the gearless drive, although the life has not been calculated but it is assumed that
its life wil be in comparison to that of geared drive but its efficiency could be as high as
85% to 92% with proper lubrication and cooling.

19
 CHAPTER NO. 5
5.SELECTION OF MATERIAL

The proper selection of material for the different part of a machine is the main
objective in the fabrication of machine. For a design engineer it is must that he be familiar
with the effect, which the manufacturing process and heat treatment have on the
properties of materials. The Choice of material for engineering purposes depends
upon the following factors:
1. Availability of the materials.
2. Suitability of materials for the working condition in service.
3. The cost of materials.
4. Physical and chemical properties of material.
5. Mechanical properties of materia

20
The mechanical properties of the metals are those, which are associated with the
ability of the material to resist mechanical forces and load. We shall now discuss
these properties as follows:

1. Strength: It is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces

2. Stress: Without breaking or yielding. The internal resistance offered by apart

to an externally applied force is called stress.

3. Stiffness: It is the ability of material to resist deformation under stresses. The

modules of elasticity of the measure of stiffness.

4. Elasticity: It is the property of a material to regain its original shape

after deformation when the external forces are removed. This property is
desirable for material used in tools and machines. It may be noted that steel is
more elastic than rubber.

5. Plasticity: It is the property of a material, which retain the deformation

produced under load permanently. This property of material is necessary for
forging, in stamping images on coins and in ornamental work.

6. Ductility: It is the property of a material enabling it to be drawn into wire

with the application of a tensile force. A ductile material must be both strong
and plastic. The ductility is usually measured by the terms, percentage
elongation and percent reduction in area. The ductile materials commonly
used in engineering practice are mild steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, tin and
lead.

21
7. Brittleness: It is the property of material opposite to ductile. It is the
property of breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. Brittle
materials when subjected to tensile loads snap off without giving any
sensible elongation. Cast iron is a brittle material.

8. Malleability: It is a special case of ductility, which permits material to be

rolled or hammered into thin sheets, a malleable material should be plastic but
it is not essential to be so strong. The malleable materials commonly used in
engineering practice are lead, soft steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminum.

9. Toughness: It is the property of a material to resist the fracture due to high

impact loads like hammer blows. The toughness of the material decreases
when it is heated. It is measured by the amount of absorbed after being stressed up
to the point of fracture. This property is desirable in parts subjected to shock an
impact loads.

10.Resilience: It is the property of a material to absorb energy and to resist rock

and impact loads. It is measured by amount of energy absorbed per unit
volume with in elastic limit. This property is essential for spring material.

11.Creep: When a part is subjected to a constant stress at high temperature for

long period of time, it will undergo a slow and permanent deformation called
creep. This property is considered in designing internal combustion engines,
boilers and turbines.

12.Hardness: It is a very important property of the metals and has a wide verity of
meanings. It embraces many different properties such as resistance to wear

22
 scratching, deformation and machinability etc. It also means the ability of the
metal to cut another metal. The hardness is usually expressed in numbers,
which are dependent on the method of making the test. The hardness of a metal
may bedetermined bythe folowing test

a) Brinell hardness test

b) Rockwell hardness test
c) Vickers hardness (also called diamond pyramid) test and
d) Shear scaleroscope.

The science of the metal is a specialized and although it over flows in to real
mess of knowledge it tends to shut away from the general reader. The knowledge
of materials and their properties is of great significance for a design engineer. The
machine elements should be made of such a material which has properties suitable
for the conditions of operations. In addition to this a design engineer must be
familiar with the manufacturing processes and the heat treatment shave on the
properties of the materials. In designing the various part of the machine it is
necessary to know how the material will function in service. For this certain
characteristics or mechanical properties mostly used in mechanical engineering
practice are commonly determined from standard tensile tests. In engineering
practice, the machine parts are subjected to various forces, which may be due to either
one or more of the folowing.

1. Energy transmitted
2. Weight of machine
3. Frictional resistance
4. Inertia of reciprocating parts
5. Change of temperature
23
 6. Lack of balance of moving parts

The selection of the materials depends upon the various types of stresses that are
set up during operation. The material selected should with stand it. Another criteria
for selection of metal depend upon the type of load because a machine part resist
load more easily than a live load and live load more easily than a shockload. Selection
of the material depends upon factor of safety, which in turn depends uponthe
folowing factors.

1. Reliabilities of properties
2. Reliability of applied load
3. The certainty as to exact mode of failure
4. The extent of simplifying assumptions
5. The extent of localized
6. The extent of initial stresses set up during manufacturing
7. The extent loss of life if failure occurs
8. The extent of loss of property if failure occurs

Materials selected in m/c: - Base plate, motor support, sleeve and shaft

Material used: - Mild steel

REASONS:
1. Mild steel is readily available in market
2. It is economical to use
3. It is available in standard sizes
4. It has good mechanical properties i.e. it is easily machinable.

24
 5. It has moderate factor of safety, because factor of safety results in
unnecessary wastage of material and heavy selection. Low factor of safety
results in unnecessary risk of failure
6. It has high tensile strength
7. Low co-efficient of thermal expansion

PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL:

M.S. has a carbon content from 0.15 % to 0.30%. They are easily wieldable
thus can be hardened only. They are similar to wrought iron in properties. Both
ultimate tensile and compressive strength of these steel increases with increasing
carbon content. They can be easily gas welded or electric or arc welded. With
increase in the carbon percentage weld ability decreases. Mild steel serve the
purpose and was hence was selected because of the above purpose.

BRIGHT MATERIAL:
It is a machine dawned. The main basic difference between mild steel and
bright metal is that mild steel plates and bars are forged in the forging machine by means is
not forged. But the materials are drawn from the dies in the plastic state. Therefore the
material has good surface finish than mild steel and has no carbon deposits on its
surface for extrusion and formation of engineering materials thus giving them a
good surface finish and though retaining their metallic properties.

25
 RAW MATERIAL AND STANDARD MATERIAL

SR NO PART NAME MAT QTY DECREPTION

1 FRAME MS 1 C section 75x 40x 4 mm

2 BERING MS 4 Dia 16.mm

3 HOUSING MS 2 Dia 95 mm x 62 mm

4 BENT LINK MS 3 Dia 10 mm x 240 mm

5 HANDAL CI 1 12 in.

6 PEDESTAL CI 4 P204
BEARING

7 ANGLE ROD MS 1 16 by 16

8 NUT BOLT WASHER MS 10 M10

9 WELDING ROD - 20

10 COLOUR - 1 Black

26
 CHAPTER NO. 6
6.COST ESTIMATION

Cost estimation may be defined as the process of forecasting the expenses

that must be incurred to manufacture a product. These expenses take into a
consideration all expenditure involved in a design and manufacturing with all
related services facilities such as pattern making, toolmaking as well as a portion of
the general administrative and selling costs.

PURPOSE OFCOST ESTIMATING:

1. To determine the selling price of a product for a quotation or contract so as
to ensure a reasonable profit to the company.
2. Check the quotation supplied by vendors.
3. Determine the most economical process or material to manufacture the
product.
4. To determine standards of production performance that may be used to
control the cost.

THE BUDGET ESTIMATION IS OF TWO TYPES:

1. Material cost
2. Machining cost

MATERIALCOST ESTIMATION:
Material cost estimation gives the total amount required to colect the raw material
which has to be processed or fabricated to desired size and functioning of the
components.

27
These materials are divided into two categories.

1. MATERIAL FOR FABRICATION:

In this the material in obtained in raw condition and is manufactured or
processed to finished size for proper functioning of the component.

2. STANDARD PURCHASED PARTS:

This includes the parts which was readily available in the market like Allen
screws etc. A list is forecast by the estimation stating the quality, size and standard
parts, the weight of raw material and cost per kg. For the fabricated parts.

MACHINING COST ESTIMATION:

This cost estimation is an attempt to forecast the total expenses that may include to
manufacture apart from material cost. Cost estimation of manufactured parts can be
considered as judgment on and after careful consideration which includes labour,
material and factory services required to produce the required part.

LABOUR COST:
It is the cost of remuneration (wages, salaries, commission, bonus etc.) of the
employees of a concern or enterprise. Labour cost is classifies as:
1. Direct labour cost
2. Indirect labour cost

DIRECT LABOUR COST:

The direct labour cost is the cost of labour that can be identified directly with
the manufacture of the product and allocated to cost centers or cost units. The
direct
28
labour is one who counters the direct material into sale able product; the wages etc.
of such employees constitute direct labour cost. Direct labour cost may be
apportioned to the unit cost of job or either on the basis of time spend bya worker on
the job or as a price for some physical measurement of product.

INDIRECT LABOUR COST:

It is that labour cost which cannot be allocated but which can be apportioned
to or absorbed by cost centers or cost units. This is the cost of labour that does not
alters the construction, confirmation, composition or condition of direct material but
is necessary for the progressive movement and handling of product to the point of
dispatch e.g. maintenance, men, helpers, machine setters, supervisors and foremen
etc. The total labour cost is calculated on the basis of wages paid to the labour for 8
hours per day.

Cost estimation is done as under

Costofproject = (A) material cost+ (B) Machining cost+ (C) labour cost

RAW MATERIAL COST:

It includes the material in the form of the Material supplied by the Steel
authority of India limited´ and µIndian aluminum co., as the round bars, angles,
square rods, plates along with the strip material form. We have to search for the
suitable available material as per the requirement of designed safe values.

29
SL. NO NAME OF THE QUANTITY PRICE
PART/OPERATION
01 M.S. Shaft - Rs. 2,800

02 Shaft Rod - Rs. 1,400

03 Bearing 4Pcs. Rs. 2,000

04 Lathe/Welding/Drilling - Rs. 3,500

05 Fabrication - Rs. 2,500

06 Colar 1 Litare Rs. 200

Total Rs. 12,400

30
 CHAPTER NO. 7

7. SPECIFICATION & MANUFACTURING OF PARTS

MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
The following are the various manufacturing process used in mechanical engineering.

1. PRIMARY SHAPING PROCESS:

The process used for the preliminary shaping of the machine component is
known as primary shaping process.

31
2. MACHINE PROCESS :
The process used for giving final shape to the machine component, according to
planned dimensions is known as machining process. The common operation
drilling, boring etc.

3. SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS:

The process used to provide a good shape surface finish for the machine
components are known as surface finishing processes. The common operation used
for the process are polishing, buffing, lapping etc.

4. JOINING PROCESS:
The process used for joining machine components are known as joining process.
The common operation used for this process are soldering, brazing, welding etc.

PROCESS AFFECTING CHANGE IN PROPERTIES:

These are intended to import specific properties to material e.g. heat
treatment, hot working, cold rolling etc.

A) WELDED JOINTS:
A welded joint is a permanent joint, which is obtained by the fusion of the
edges of the two parts, to be joined together, with or without the application of
pressure and a filler material. Welding is intensively used in fabrication as an
alternative method for casting or forging and as a replacement for bolted and
reverted joints. It is also used as a repair medium.

32
ADNANTAGES:
1. The welded structures are usually lighter than riveted structures.
2. The welded joints provide maximum efficiency which to impossible
innervated joints
3. Alteration and addition can be easily made.
4. As the welded structure is smooth in appearance, it is good looking.
5. In welded structures, tension members are not weakened.
6. In a welded joint has high strength often more than parent metal.

DISADVANTAGES:
1. Since there is uneven heating and cooling during fabrication therefore the
members may get distorted as additional stresses may develop.
2. It requires a highly skilled labour and supervision.
3. No provision for expansion and contraction in the frame, therefore there is
possibility of cracks.
4. The inspection of welding work is difficult than riveting work.

33
 Component: frame channel

Material: - m.s. channel

Material specification: - i.s.l.c.40x.75x5

SR DISCRIPTION MACHINE CUTTING MEASUREMENT TIME

NO OF USED
OPERATION
1 Cutting the Gas cutting Gas cutter Steel rule 15 min.
channel in to machine
length of 1000
mm long
2 Cutting the Gas cutting Gas cutter Steel rule 15 min.
channel in to machine
length of 480
mm long
3 Filling Bench vice File Try square 15 min.
operation can
be performed
on cutting side
and bring it in
perpendicular
c.s.
4 Weld the Electric arc ................. Try square 20 min
channels to the welding
required size as machine
per the
drawing
5 Drilling the Radial drill Twist drill Vernier calliper 10 min
frame at machine
required points
as per the
drawing

34
 Name of part: pin
Material: bright steel
Quantity: 3

Sr. Detail m/c used Tool used accessory Measuring

no. operation instrument

1 Marking on - - - Scale
shaft

2 Cutting as per Power Hock saw Jig & Scale

dwg hack saw blade fixtures

3 Facing both Lathe Single chuck Vernier

side of shaft machine point calliper
cutting
tool

4 Turning as per - - - -
dwg size

5 Bending Gas Right Vice -

cutting angle

6 Filling on both flat file Vice -

end

35
 Name of part: housing
Material: bright steel
Quantity: 2

Sr. Detail m/c used Tool used accessory Measuring

no. operation instrument

1 Marking on - - - Scale
shaft

2 Cutting as per Power Hock saw Jig & Scale

dwg hack saw blade fixtures

3 Facing both Lathe Single chuck Vernier

side of shaft machine point calliper
cutting
tool

4 Turning as per - - - -
dwg size

5 Drilling 3 hole Drilling Drill Vernier

machine calliper

6 Filling on both Flat file Vice -

end

36
 CHAPTER NO. 8

8.POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS AND ADVANCES

8.1 METHOD OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY

The main motion is transmitted with the help ofa sliding pair which formed between
pin & the cylinder. These pins have to be lapped and cleaned and it should be
capable of providing complete interchangeability similarly with the cylinder, they too
have to be hone or lapped so as to provide smooth surface finish. This wil result in less
frictional loss and less heat generation.

1) LUBRICATION AND COOLING METHODS:-

Lubrication and cooling are a must in sliding members. One of the simple
techniques applied for lubrication can be to drill oil holes in the cylinder body for fill
than up with oil. But this technique wil not be very effective since the weight and use of
cylinders will increase.

2) MODIFICATION: -
One of the methods by which efficiency or performance can be enhanced is
by increasing the number of pins. Fromthe working of the mechanism we know that the
pin at the inner most position is the drawing pin the pins the mechanism. Thus if the no.
required for the next pin to attain the inner most position is considerable reduced and
thus the performance of the mechanism &its life increase

37
8.2 DESIGN

38
 CHAPTER NO. 9
9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF GEARLESS TRANSMISSION

9.1 ADVANTAGES
1. Complete freedom of Interchangeability.
2. More efficient than gear.
3. Power could be transferred to any desired angle.
4. Ease of manufacturing.
5. Misalignment of shafts can be tolerated to some extent.
6. Simpler cooling system
7. Low cost of manufacturing.
8. Portability of parts.

9.2 DISADVANTAGES
1. Does not work at very low starting torque.

2. Improper hole drilling could pose much problem.

3. Sudden load would cause mechanism breakdown.

4. Links are to be replaced after certain cycle time.

5. Speed ratio is always constant 1:1.

39
 CHAPTER NO. 10
10. CONCLUSION

1. This projects which looks very simple & easy to construct was actually very
difficult to conceive & imagine without seeing an actual one in practice.
2. We find that while acceptable analysis for existing mechanism can often be
made quite easily we cannot without insight & imagination make effective
synthesis of new mechanism hence we are mould to present this our project
gearless transmission at 90*(El-bow mechanism) which we have managed to
successfully device after long & hard input in conceiving its working principle.

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 CHAPTER NO. 11
11. WORK

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 12. REFERENCES

1. International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM) Volume

1, Issue 6, September 2014

2. www.sersc.org/journals/IJAST/vol79/6

3. www.faqs.org/patents/app/20120031216

H4. www gearle

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THANK YOU

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