Impulse and Momentum

Linear Momentum
From equation of motion
d
F ma F mv (mv )
dt

Linear momentum G mv

F G
The resultant of all forces acting on a particle equals its time rate
of change of linear momentum.

Scalar components Fx Gx Fy Gy Fz Gz
 The Linear Impulse-Momentum Principle
Linear Impulse and Linear Momentum
From equation of motion
t2

F G F dt G2 G1
t1

t2

Linear Impulse F dt mv2 mv1

t1

se hangeof
:c momentum

The total linear impulse on m equals

the corresponding change in linear
momentum of m.
The Linear Impulse-Momentum Principle
t2
t2

F dt mv2 mv1 mv1 F dt mv2

t1 t1

Scalar equations
t2

(mv x )1 Fx dt (mv x ) 2
+ t1
t2

(mv y )1 Fy dt (mv y ) 2
t1

= t2

(mv z )1 Fz dt (mv z ) 2
t1
 Principle for a System of Particles
dvi
For particle i Ri Gi mi
dt
Ri is the resultant force acting on particle i
Ri Fi f i = External force + Internal force

For all particles in the system

dvi dvi
Ri Fi fi mi Fi mi
dt dt
Cancel out, =0
actions and reaction forces Sum of the external forces
occur in equal but opposite acting on the system of particles
collinear pairs t2

mi (vi )1 Fi dt mi (vi ) 2
t1
 Conservation of Linear Momentum
When the sum of the external impulses acting on a system of
particles is zero
t2
=0
mi (vi )1 Fi dt mi (vi ) 2
t1

mi (vi )1 mi (vi ) 2

The total linear momentum for a system of particles remains

constant during the time period
Linear momentum may be conserved in one direction, but not
necessarily in the other directions.
 Example 3/18
A 0.2-kg particle moves in the vertical y-z plane under the action of its
weight and a force F which varies with time. The linear momentum of
the particle in newton-seconds is given by the expression
3 2 2 3
G (t 3) ˆj (t 4)kˆ
2 3
where t is the time in seconds.
Determine the force F and its magnitude for the instant when t = 2 sec.
F- -

ฬื๋ EF dI

/|
=

dt
ชู้ 3tj-2.pk N

ญื๋หั๋ ศั๋ I.หื๋

: =

Eki ต้ N
÷ =

%
Flt ะ 10 N
: F = 3tj +10.2g -2Mt

ที่ t 2 E Gj -6.04 ห้
=
s ; =

% F = 3.51 N
 Example 3/20
The loaded 150-kg skip is rolling down the incline at 4 m/s when a
force P is applied to the cable as shown at time t = 0. The force P is
increased uniformly with the time until it reaches 600 N at t = 4 sec,
after which time it remains constant at this value. Calculate (a) the
time t1 at which the skip reverses its direction and (b) the velocity v of
the skip at t = 8 sec. Treat the skip as a particle.

.in
F- 2 P lmpulse ะ
| IF m ษี × mษี ×
'

dt
.

=
× -

า
.

ำ / 12 P -

mgsin30
°
) dt =
ml ษ 2- µ )

⇐% : :iii.;ษุ๋:; ÷÷iii.
"" "

ที่ pulley i Mะ 0
เออ ; tะ4
2 P -
F = 0 464.25 t =
| 50 µ +3000

F 2P l a.) หา เวลาที่
จะ
=
ะ 0

464.25L =
3000

% t = 6.4 62 S

( b.) หา ษ ที่ t -
-
ง s

464.25 (B) =
150 ษ2+3000
ษ 4.76
uptheramp
°

. . 2
=
mls
 Example 15.2
The 250-N ( 25-kg) crate shown in the figure is acted upon by force
having a variable magnitude P = 100t N, where t is in seconds.
Determine the crate’s velocity 2 s after P has been applied. The initial
velocity is v1 = 1 m/s down the plane, and the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the crate and the plane is k = 0.3.
[ EF y = 0 ]

N °

Mgcos 30 0
-
=

216.51 N
°
N =
250 COS 30 =

[ EF× ] [ Fx Fk D-
mgsin30
°
= -

=
0.3 ( 216.5 1) -100 t -2505in 30
°

EF× = -
\ 00 t -60.047

Impulse :
| EF ×
dt =
mษัimษี

.tl
°
-100t -
เอ 047) dt
.
= 251 ษ 2- ( 1) )
-

µ [ -5 ot 47A }
P = 25 ษะ +25
/
<
.

เอ อ .

>
✓ °
30
N 25 ษ 2 (-200-120.094)-25
Fk mg
=

y
-

tfx ษ
z
ะ
-1 3. ง mls
. .
°
ษ =
13 อ
.
mls down theinclin e.
 Example 15.3
Blocks A and B shown in the figure have a mass of 3 kg and 5 kg,
respectively. If the system is released from rest, determine the velocity
of block B in 6 s. Neglect the mass of the pulleys and cord.
พิจารณา ความ สัมพันธ์ 2 Sa +
SB = L

20A +
UB = 0

มี แรงต้นชอก T ; constant

IFyt ะ
my -

mfd
3kg i l 2T -3×9.3 1) 6 ะ

30A

5kg ; l T 5 × 9.ง 1) 6
50,3
- ะ

T =

รื่บุ 3
+ 49.05

ได้ 2
| HB +49.05 | -29.43 =
กึ่ 1- { %)

| 2T
ft หู๋ ↳ = -
เ 8.67

[ f ttfos
VB = -35.83 M 5

: ษ = 3 5. ง 3 mls down
× V
5g
 Example 15.4
The 15-Mg boxcar A is coasting at 1.5 m/s on the horizontal track
when it encounters a 12-Mg tank car B coasting at 0.75 m/s toward it
as shown in the figure. If the cars meet and couple together, determine
(a) the speed of both cars just after the coupling, and (b) the average
force between them if the coupling takes place in 0.8 s.
COnservationofmomentummn.UA
d.)
+
MBUB =
lma + M B) ษ

15 ( 1. 5) + 12 ( -0.7 5) =
(15+12) ษ

ษะ 0.5 mls right

crashing
b.) IMPUISC °
.
Favt =
ทา
ก
ษ -

mava
F F

tf-O-tavx0.gr
.

=
15×103×(0.5-1.5)
t f tml 4
Fav
fnf
"A =
13 7 50 N
9
-

N, Nz N3 N
4
Fav =
18.75 KN left
 Example 15.5
The 600-kg cannon shown in the figure fires an 4-kg projectile with a
muzzle velocity of 450 m/s relative to the ground. If firing takes place
in 0.03 s, determine (a) the recoil velocity of the cannon just after
firing, and (b) the average impulsive force acting on the projectile. The
cannon support is fixed to the ground, and the horizontal recoil of the
cannon is absorbed by two springs.
l a.) CO nservation ofmomentum

0 =
ฑุµ +
mzh

0 =
6001µ ) + 41450 )

µ =-3 Mls
ษ ะ 3 mls left

l b.) Favt myz mฐ

= -

F × 0.03 =
4×450 -
0

F- -
60000 N

F = 60 k N right
 Example 15.7
An 800-kg rigid pile P shown in the figure is
driven into the ground using a 300-kg hammer H.
the hammer falls from rest at a height y0 = 0.5 m
and strikes the top of the pile. Determine the
impulse which the hammer imparts on the pile if
the pile is surrounded entirely by loose sand so
that after striking, the hammer does not rebound
off the pile.
หา ความ เร็ว ชน conservation ot energy
I +
Vig + Ye +
Uin =
Tz +
Vzg Vze
+

mgyo ะ
{ mt
impulse
ป 2×9.81×0.5
nnr n
,
ษ =

I M µ ษ' -

Mµ ษ
ษ
=
ะ 3.1 32 mls
-
300 (0.854-3.132)
CO nservationof momentum
-

m ษ = lmti + mp ) ษ' I = 683 K g. Mls

µ

บ่ 30
0.ee
=
× 3.132
300+800

ษ' = 0.854 Mls

 Example 15.8
A boy having a mass of 40 kg stands on the back of a 15-kg
toboggan which is originally at rest. If he walks to the front B and
stops, determine the distance the toboggan moves. Neglect friction
between the bottom of the toboggan and the ground (ice).
conservation of momentum

0 = -

MAVA +
MBVB

0 =
-

MASA +
MBSB

ให้ toboggan เ สอน ขวา X m

40 ( 2- X ) = 15 ×

30 = 55 X

X = 1.45M
 Problem 15-10
A man kicks the 200-g ball such that it leaves the ground at an angle
of 30 with the horizontal and strikes the ground at the same
elevation a distance of 15 m away. Determine the impulse of his foot
F on the ball. Neglect the impulse caused by the ball’s weight while
its being kicked. ที่
การ เคลื่อน
พิจารณา 5× =
#
t = Ir
ฐCOS 30
°

และ
Sy =
Uoyt +
{ ayt
อ
osin 30
//
หื๋ { gf ฒื๋
°
= ษ
_

mg
- -
-

Uo SI n 3 ออ
2 Uo COS 300

ษอ้ =

159,2
SI ก30 ยง530
" "

% =
13.04 Mls
พิจารณา impulse I =
mvo -0

I = 0.2×13.04 =
2.608 Kgmls

: I =
2. เอง 1C0530% + sin30
°

งิ )
I =
2.2 เโ + 1.3 04 งิ Kg -

mls
 Problem 15-11
The particle P is acted upon by its weight of 30 N ( 3 kg) and forces
F1 and F2, where t is in seconds. If the particle originally has a
velocity of v1 3iˆ 1 ˆj 6kˆ m/s, determine its speed after 2 s.
tz
impulse ะ
mษุ้ +

ti
| IF dt =
mg

313T งิ +61ำ
+ ) +

I[ 15 Hi +2 [งิ
+ + tk ] dt =
3 ษู้
^

④ [ 5t + { P] :) i +
( 3 +
[ty :| งั้ + แง + [ อ 11⇐ 3 อา

ษั 6
งิ ti
3
z
=
§i +7 +20

3
Oz =
30.3

% ษ
2
ะ
10.1 Mls
 Problem 3/191
The hydraulic braking system for the truck and trailer is set to
produce equal braking forces for the two units. If the brakes are
applied uniformly for 5 s to bring the rig to a stop from a speed of
30 km/h down the 10-percent grade, determine the force P in the
coupling between the trailer and the truck. The mass of the truck is
10 Mg and that of the trailer is 7.5 Mg.
impulse : constant F ะ all

Mษ
×ุ
+21 t = MO
xz

(10+7.5)×103 × 30 ×

ง +
III. 5 =
0

2 9 16 6. 7 N
lmtmzlgsin 0 -2 F
= -

2F = (10+7.5)×103×9.31 t ×
+29166.7
ปเI
F 23124.5

พุ่มไสว Enetfnd
=
N

!
impulse ะ
truck
ไ
< ด้ P Mz ษ 2 × + IF xt =
mz ษว่ ×

§ =µ g
ๆgµ µ +
= o
F
×

-12500N

teไ
ำ9 mgsin 0 P F =
+
-

N ,
2
ก้อน รวม -7.5×103

Hm
t p = × 9. งา ×

Fa +23124.5 -
12 5 00

P =
3303 N

N ,
+
mng น P =
3303 N ดึง trailer truck ,
 Problem 15-27
Block A weight 100 N ( 10 kg) and block B weight 30 N ( 3 kg).
If B is moving downward with a velocity (vB)1 = 1 m/s at t = 0,
determine the velocity of A when t = 1 s. Assume that the horizontal
plane is smooth. Neglect the mass of the pulleys and cords.
จาก SA + 2 SB ะ
L
ได้
0A +2 ษ
B
ะ 0

ที่ t 0
ะ
OB = t →
ษa = -2 Mls

Impulse :
MA ษก อ .
+
d- Tdt =
MAUA

T f 2T 10 1-2) + [ -

Tt
# 10 ษA

°9- 4ไTm>

µ ^ T =
-20-10 ษa
-

pg
NA
X
<
IMPUIS e ะ
MBVB o +
f) lm
Bg -2T ) dt = MB ำ3

tty 3 (เ) +
[ 3 ot -2T t ] อ =3 1- งู่ษa)
3 + ( 30-21-20-10ษ A) ) ) = -

} 0A
73 =
( -

} -20 |
ษA

Va = -
3.4 mls
• :O a =
3.4 mls ไปทาง ขวา
 Problem 15-30
The motor pulls on the cable at A with a force F = 5(30+10t2) N,
where t is in seconds. If the 8-kg crate is originally at rest at t = 0,
determine its speed in t = 4 s. Neglect the mass of the cable and
pulleys. Hint: First find the time needed to begin lifting the crate.
เริ่ม ดินสอ F = 5 1 30 +10t2) =
mg =
8×9.31

i.
t =
0
F
IF 5 1 15 +5 t ) -8×9.81
mg
=
y z
=
-

=
25E- 3.48

Mษ
o
+
ป๋ EFydt =
mษ

4
0 +
d 125 t -3.4 8) dt = 8 ษ
×

อยู่
ษะ
{ [ Ht 3- 3.4 Bt ]

( 4) ง
=

.
64 -3.48 ×

• งฺ ษ =
64.93 mls
 Problem 15-51
The free-rolling ramp has a weight of 600 N ( 60 kg). If the 400 N
( 40 kg) crate is released from rest at A, determine the distance the
ramp moves when the crate slides 5 m down the ramp and reaches
the bottom B. ot momentuminkaxiso
conservation

0
MAUA MBUB
=
+
-

MAVA { ษี A EAIB
=
MBUB nmnp VA ะ
ษ B
B-
จาก B
×
=

MA SA =
MBVB -

ษA -
OB =
UAIB ×

40/5 COS 0 §
X ) 60 X i COS 0 ะ

{ VB ษB
-

= '

VAIB ×
-
=

160-40 X = เ 0×
-
2.5 UB ะ
0A l
B
ำ X 1.6 M .
2.5
=

SB
-

ะ
SAIB

SB =
-5 /§)
้

-
2.5

SB = 1.6 M
 Problem 15-53
The free-rolling ramp has a mass of 40 kg. A 10-kg crate is released
from rest at A and slides down 3.5 m to point B. If the surface of the
ramp is smooth, determine the ramp’s speed when the crate reaches
B. Also, what is the velocity of the crate?

ออก servation of energy

mgh =

{ mห้ Imz ษบ้

+

ได้ 171.675 = 5 ษำ + 20 ผู้