Question-1 : Draw the block diagram (not schematic diagram) of design and implement a circuit to drive a

stepper motor using ICs and discrete components.

Question-2:How can you determine whether a stepper motor coil is center-tapped or not?

Answer: A center-tapped stepper motor has a center tap on one or more of its windings, which allows for two
independent circuits to be created. This center tap can be identified by an additional wire coming out of the motor.
The center tap wire is typically connected to ground or a power supply, depending on the circuit configuration.

In contrast, a non-center-tapped stepper motor does not have a center tap wire and only has two wires per
winding. This type of stepper motor typically requires a different driver circuit than a center-tapped stepper motor.

To summarize, if you see an additional wire coming out of a stepper motor, it is likely a center-tapped stepper
motor. Otherwise, if you only see two wires per winding, it is likely a non-center-tapped stepper motor.

Question-04. How can you calculate step angle of a stepper motor?

𝑁𝑠−𝑁𝑟
Step angle, β= 𝑁𝑠𝑁𝑟 ∗ 360

Ns= no of teeth on shaft

Nr = No of teeth on rotor
360
Another equation, β=
𝑚.𝑁𝑟
m= No of stator phase.

Question-03: Draw coil arrangement for unipolar and bipolar stepper motor.
Question-05. Which software is used for Arduino programming?

There are several software options available for programming Arduino boards, but the most commonly used
software is the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

Question-06: Write code for define e pin as output?

Answer:

Int Constant=’e’ ;
void setup()
{
pinMode(Constant, OUTPUT);
}
2𝑠+1
Question- 7. a. Write a MATLAB code for 𝐺(𝑆) =4𝑠^2+2𝑠+3

num=[2 1];
den=[4 2 3];
Sys = tf(num, den)

b) Write a MATLAB code for 𝐺(𝑆) = (2𝑠+1)(4𝑠+2) /(4𝑠 2+2𝑠+3)(𝑠+1)

s = tf('s')
Gs = ((2*s+1)*(4*s+2)/( 4*s^2+2*s+3)*(s+1))

Or
num=conv([2 1],[4 2]);
den=conv([4 2 3],[1 1]);
Gs = tf(num,den)

Question-8. Write MATLAB functions for the following terms

a. Step Response
step(T); Where T is a transfer function.
b. Different Parameters of Step Response
stepinfo(T) ; Where T is a transfer function and the command step info will generate, rise time, settling time,
setlling min, settling max, overshoot, undershoot, peak, peaktime.
c. Bode plot
[mag, phase, w]= bode(g,w);
Where,
1. w was also be defined as w = logspace(-1,2,200) which indicates a range of frequency.
2. Mag is the magnitude of the frequency response.
3. Phase is the phase of the frequency response.
4. g is the transfer function.
d. Nyquist Plot
nyquist(t)
where t is the transfer function.
e. Root locus
rlocus(T), Where T is the transfer function whose root locus diagram is to be obtained.