WRITTEN REPORT

Azeotropic systems yield the most difficult VLE curves. An azeotrope is a liquid combination that yields
the same composition when vaporized as the liquid. There are two forms of azeotropes: minimal boiling
and maximum boiling (which is less frequent). Minimum-boiling azeotropes include ethanol-water (at 1
atm, 89.4 mole%, 78.2 oC; carbon-disulfide-acetone (61.0 mole% CS2, 39.25 oC, 1 atm) and benzene-
water (29.6 mole% H2O, 69.25 oC, 1 atm). Maximum-boiling azeotropes include hydrochloric acid -
water (11.1 mole% HCl, 110 oC, 1 atm) and acetone - chloroform (65.5 mole% chloroform, 64.5 oC, 1
atm). Figure 5.5 depicts two distinct azeotropic systems, one with a low boiling point and one with a high
boiling point and boiling point at its highest.

The electro-Fenton technique was employed in the current study toCaustic wastewater should be
treated. There were five independent factors. This approach takes into account several factors at the
same time. Box-Behnken style RSM was used for run number minimization and optimization. The ideal
circumstances for maximal removal(which was 81.20% empirically and statistically) The experimental
COD elimination rate was 82.93% and Sulfide elimination was 99.9998% and statistically was at 100%.
reaction achieved at pH 2.96 (for COD) and 2.87 (for sulfide), 70.67 minutes for COD and 65.52 minutes
for sulfide, current COD density of 58.85 mA/cm2 and 55.47 mA/cm2

Oil is a hydrocarbon mixture composed of carbon and hydrogen molecules. It isless dense than water,
has a characteristic odor and its color varies from black to brown (Cerqueira and Da Costa Marques,
2012). It may include a range of compounds, depending on its origin, including organic salts, aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons, oils and grease, metals, and radioactive material (Henderson, 1999; Oliveira
et al., 2005). To satisfy the expanding need for oil, extraction has increased considerably in recent
decades, resulting in massive volumes of hazardous effluents globally - 33.6 million barrels per day. In
the current study, the electro-Fenton technique was utilized to treat wasted caustic wastewater. There
were five independent factors. This approach takes into account several factors at the same time.