COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT REPORT

On

“USES OF CHEMICALS ON FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

of

JNT UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR, ANANTAPURAMU

By
M.KODANDA RAMU - 208P1A0307
A. REDDI HARSHA VARDHAN - 208P1A0304
P.JUNETH - 208P1A0306
R.SARDAR ALI KHAN - 208P1A0311
N.NAGESH - 198P1A0308
Under the esteemed guidance of
B.SUBRAMANYAM
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MADANAPALLE-517325
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, ANANTAPUR,

ANDRA PRADESH

2022-2023
 ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu)
MADANAPALLE-517325, Annamayya Dist. A.P

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Certificate

This is to certify that the Community Service Project report entitled “USE OF

CHEMICALS ON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES” is a Bonafied work carried out

by M.KODANDA RAMU(208P1A0307), A.REDDI HARSHA

VARDHAN(208P1A0305),P.JUNETH(208P1A0306), R.SARDAR ALI

KHAN(208P1A0311), N.NAGESH(198P1A0308)bearing in partial

fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING from JNTUA, Ananthapuram during the academic year 2022-

2023.

B.SUBRAMANYAM Dr.V.V.N.BHASKAR
Supervisor Head of the Department
 DECLARATION

We, hereby declare that this Community Service Project report titled “USES OF

CHEMICALS ON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES”. The work carried out is

original and has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the

award of any credits

Name of the Candidate Roll Number: Signature:

M.KODANDA RAMU - 208P1A0307

A.REDDIHARSHA VARDHAN -208P1A0304

P.JUNETH - 208P1A0306

R.SARDAR ALI KHAN -208P1A0311

N.NAGESH -198P1A0307

Place: MADANAPALLI

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of us, the success of any project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity
to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the
successful completion of this project.

Primarily, we would thank God for being able to complete this project with
success.

Then we will thank Dr.S.Ramalinga Reddy, Director & Dr.K.Sathish

Babu, Principal for allowing me to undergo with Community Service
Project. We will thank

Dr. V.V. N Bhaskar, Head of the Department, Department of ME for his

tremendous support. We would like to show our greatest appreciation to
B.SUBRAMANYAM, We can’t say thank you enough for her tremendous
support and help. We feel motivated and encouraged every time we attend
meeting. Without there encouragement and guidance his project would
nothavematerialized.
Finally, we would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped us
with their valuable suggestions and guidance and have been very helpful in
various stages of project completion.

M. KODANDA RAMU - 208P1A0307

A.REDDI HARSHA VARDHAN - 208P1A0304

P. JUNETH - 208P1A0306

R.SARDAR ALI KHAN -208P1A0311

N.NAGESH -198P1A0308
 CONTENTS

S. No. Name Page. No.

1. ABSTRACT 1
2. INTRODUCTION 1
3. DESCRIPTION 2
4. ADVANTAGES 2
5. DISADVANTAGES 3-4

6. DATA OBTAINED 5-11

7. CONCLUSION 11-13
8. REFERENCE 13-14
ABSTRACT
The fertilizers are mostly used to prevent insects on the plants as they are
harmful to the plants they will eat the plants and they will destroy the core
of the crop so the farmers use these fertilizers to kill the insects. Some of
the insects are helpful for the crops in improving the fertility of the crops
and improving yield rate.

Fertilizer, natural or artificial substances containing the chemical

elements that improve the growth and productiveness of plants.
Fertilizers enhance the soil’s natural fertility or replace chemical elements
taken from the soil by previous crops.

INTRODUCTION

Pesticides are a numerous and diverse group of chemicals they are unable to
quantity and quality of crops and food to be controlled and help to limit the many
human diseases transmitted by insect or rodent vectors. However, despite their
many merits pesticides are some of the most toxic.

The intensive development of agriculture means that more and more toxic organic
and inorganic compounds are entering the environment they are particularly
dangerous in fruits and vegetables

Page 1
DESCRIPTION:

Definition:
Fertilizers are organic or inorganic substances containing chemical elements that
improve the growth of plants and the fertility of the soil. The percentage content
of nutrients in organic fertilizers (manure) is relatively low.
In inorganic or mineral fertilizers, the nutrients are inorganic salts, obtained by
extraction and/or physical and chemical processes. The three primary plant
nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

ADVANTAGE
• It makes the soil porous and facilitates the exchange of gases.
• The texture of the soil improves.

• The number of microbes increases in the soil.

The process of adding manures is known as manure. Manure should be

done at regular intervals, otherwise, the plants become weak. However, the
use of manure has many drawbacks too. They can be rather difficult to
transport and are not nutrient specific.

• They are quick in providing plant nutrients and restoring soil fertility.
• They are portable and easy to transport.

• Plants easily absorb fertilizers.

• Fertilizers improve and increase the productivity of many crops such

as wheat, maize, and rice.
However, these are chemicals, and they have the potential to decrease the
fertility of soil if used constantly. Furthermore, it also pollutes water bodies.
Manures and fertilizers, both are added to increase soil fertility and
enhance the growth of plants but are distinct in some way or the other. The
major difference between manures and fertilizers are summarized below:

Page 2
DISADVANTAGES:

• Direct impact on humans

• Impact on the environment
• Contamination of air, and soil.
• Impact through food commodities
• Groundwater contamination
After countless studies, pesticides have been linked to cancer, Alzheimer's
Disease, ADHD, and even birth defects. Pesticides also have the potential to harm
the nervous system, the reproductive system, and the endocrine system

There are numerous health hazards linked to the use of pesticides. Pesticides can have
grave effects on the health of anybody consuming fruits or vegetables highly
contaminated with pesticides.

Several reports suggest that high levels of pesticides in food can lead to the
development of diseases such as cancer, and kidney and lung ailments. Children have
developing organs, prone to catching infections and diseases. Any exposure to
these high chemical residues can lead to childhood cancers and mental health
problems such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Page 3)
If a pregnant woman eats a fruit containing pesticide residue, the fete might
get affected and she may face birth complications. Some other health risks
associated with these harmful chemicals include nausea, abdominal cramp,
dizziness, and anxiety.

Our populous, fast-paced world demands quality food that is affordable- and
lots of it. When it comes to agriculture and the need to meet our world’s
growing needs, pesticide use is often a topic of controversy. In the short term,
pesticide is often a topic of controversy. In the short term, pesticides greatly
assist pest control. In the long term, however, pesticides appear to harm the
health of humans and the health of humans and the environment. Whether
you’re a decision maker in the agricultural industry or a consumer, it is
important to weigh the pros and cons of pesticide use

(Page 4)
DATA OBTAINED:

We visited a village named BASINIKONDA. Here the majority of farmers are

interested in cultivating TOMATO.

We visited one of FARMER whosecropswere about to be harvested. We enquired

him about the various chemicals used for the growth of the crop

• They are using only two types of chemicals for this crop.
• Majority of the crops are grown with organic manure

The chemicals used are ‘’indofilz78 in order to protect the crop from harmful
Insects

We visited the village RAMACHARLA PALLI, where some of the farmers are
growing the BRINJAL. There we observed that one of the farmers had been growing
in Half a Hector, of brinjal.

(Page 5)
 ➢ The pesticides\chemicals used for the crop are only few
➢ Some of the pesticides are NANO BILTZ and Chaitanya

➢ The Pesticide NANO BILTZ is to kill the larva that is present on the
plant, which will cause huge damage to the crop.

➢ This pesticide will prevent the plant-eating insects to fly away from
the plants so that the crop will cost less damage and the farmer gets
fewer losses, as the farmers are mostly feared of the spreading of
insects in the crop and there may be a high chance of getting a high
loss so the

➢ Farmers are spraying the pesticide every 3 weeks until the crop is
about to be yielded.

The other pesticide is used for Better crop yield as a result of defoliation and
disease protection.

We visited the village KOLABAILU where we had some of the farmers planta few
of the CUSTERDAPPLE, which are side plants that are helpful to get reduce soil
erosion.

(Page 6)
 ➢ The farmers are using the custard apple which High in antioxidants. Custard
apples are full of antioxidants.
➢ It helps in fighting cancer. There are various antioxidants present in a
custard apple.
➢ The custard apple is a fruit that is popularly known as Sharifah. All the parts
of this plant are useful in managing a variety of diseases. It is rich in fiber,
minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants that help boost immunity.

There is a pesticide called BRAMHASTRA which is helpful to reduce the fungus,

and it will be the reduction of caterpillars

➢ Oil extracted from it can be used as a pesticide against several common

pests like the white mealybug, aphid, termite, etc. The oil extracted from
custard apple seeds contain acerogenin a group of powerful respiratory-
in habiting toxic components, which is responsible to act as a bio-pesticide.

(Page 7)
Today we visited the village named Machireddigaripalle, here the maximum of
farmers depend upon cultivation. We visited the fields of the farmer named B.
Venkat Ratnam who is cultivating cauliflower. We asked him what the various
fertilizers and pesticides used in different stages he narrated as follows

In order to grow cauliflower it requires nitrogen-rich fields and a pH lies between

6.0and 7.0
• Mainly cauliflower attacked by the DIAMOND BLACK MOTH
• DIAMOND BLACK MOTH is caused by an insect’s attack on plants. (Page 8)
Disease prevention:
• By sprinkling can control the disease caused.

• Today we visited KOLLABYLU RURAL, here they less pesticides for this
crop
• They said they use some pre-harvest sprays of chemicals to avoid post-
harvest losses of the crop.

(Page 9)
 • Also increases crop yields and gives more benefits
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE enhances fruit appearance and improves the quality of
SAPOTAs compared to other chemicals.

(Page 10)
This week we visited the village KOLLABYLU here the majority of farmers are
interested in cultivating POMOGRANATE.
There we interacted with farmers and enquired them about why they are
interested in growingPOMOGRANATE, and what are weather conditions required
for effective yield they explained as follows.
• POMOGRANATE is rich inantioxidants and flavonoids, which both
prevent free radicals from damaging cells.

Major pests and diseases of Pomegranate The most problematic pests for
Pomegranate trees are aphids, citrus flat mite, leaf-footed bug, and omnivorous
leaf roller.
(Page 11)
CONCLUSION
Ripening of fruits is a chemical change. During ripening the pigment present in the
skin of the fruit changes and this cannot be reversed back.

Page 12
REFERENCE :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221910239_Pesticide_Residues_in_Fruits_and_Vegetable
s

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_76

page 13
Page 14