 Identify the Purpose of the Production

 Identify and Analyze your Target

Audience
 Research- Recce and Treatment
 Identifying Programme Format
 Scripting: Story Boarding and Script
Breakdown
 Maintaing Continuity, make-up, set
design& floor plan
 Budgeting
 The most important step is the first one.
 Is the purpose to instruct, inform, entertain,
or to generate feelings of pride, or social,
religious or political need?
 Possibly the real purpose of the production
is to create desire in the audience to take
some action.
 And, the primary goal of most broadcasting
is simply to hold the interest of an audience
so they will be influenced by the
commercials.
 Even so, most productions have more than
one goal.
◦ Based on such things as age,
sex, socioeconomic status,
educational level, etc.,
program content preferences
will differ.
◦ These preferences are also
different for different parts of
a Nation.
 To find out literature/background
material
 Check out similar productions done in
the past. Ask yourself some questions.
 How will your proposed production differ
from the successful and unsuccessful
efforts that have been done in the past?
 Why did they work; or, maybe more
importantly, why didn’t they work? Since
production styles change rapidly, you
need to take into consideration
differences in time, locations, and
audiences.
 News and Reports
 Interview
 Live Reporting
 Documentary
 Drama
 Soap Opera
 Sit Coms
 Quiz Shows and Game Shows
 Script is the building block of any production.
 Writing for electronic media is not same as writing
for print.
 One must clearly understand the Video Grammar
before he/she can create a production from a script
 Script for print enjoys advantages over TV
script.
 E.g. Reader can go back & reread a
sentence. If a sentence is not understood
in a TV production, the meaning is lost -
listener is distracted, trying to figure out
what was said.
 With written word things as chapter
divisions, paragraphs, subheadings, &
italics guide reader.
 Plus, the spelling of sound-alike words
can indicate their meaning.
 While reading, we see words in
groups/patterns. This helps to grasp meaning.
When we listen to something that is being said,
information is delivered one word at a time.
 To make sense out of a sentence we must
retain the first words in memory while adding
all subsequent words, until sentence is
complete.
 If the sentence is too complex or takes too
long to unfold, meaning is missed or confused.
 Short & easily understandable words &
sentences. Familiar words/phrases.
Conversational style.
 Since sentences are delivered in
conversational style, standard rules of
punctuation sometimes aren't followed.
 Often, complete sentences are not used...
just as they aren't used in normal
conversation.
 An extra helping of commas is often used
to provide clues to phrasing.
 As far as possible lists should be avoided as
it is difficult to remember a spoken list.
 Not a very huge number of announcements
and/or words can be incorporated. Not
possible to provide a very detailed coverage
of news compared to newspapers.
 The content written for ear should be as
crisp as possible. Dragging a topic results
in loss of interest on the part of Listener.
 Video scripts are written in broadcast
style.
 Video scripts use short, concise, direct
sentence.
 Active voice is preferred over inactive
voice.
 Nouns & verbs preferred over adjectives,
& Specific words are preferred over
general words.
 Facts must be taut, verbs strong and
active; a script should crackle.
 In broadcast style we want to know
from the very beginning who's doing
"the saying.“
 E.g. we can write a quote in print like
◦ “India will resume peace talk,
according to P.M.”
 but while writing for TV attribution
should come at the beginning of
sentences.
◦ "According to the P.M., India will
resume peace talk“
 It is important to co-relate audio with video as
viewers are used to hear about what is shown on TV
screen - generally in the form of dialogue or
narration.
 If viewers are seeing one thing & hearing about
another, things can get confusing.
 If it is clearly shown on screen that what action is
happening, this approach has to take a back seat.
After all you won’t want to say "see him run…“
when audience is already seeing him running.
 In TV production the goal is not just to
unload more information on viewers.
 Rather it is more important to engage
our audience & clearly communicate
selected information in a manner that
will both enlighten & entertain.
 If a script is packed with too many facts,
or if information is not clearly presented,
the viewer will become confused, lost
and frustrated
 Assume a conversational tone by using short,
informal sentences and approachable style.
 Engage your audience emotionally, make them care
about both the people and content of your
production.
 Provide adequate logical structure. Let viewers know
where you are going, which points are key concepts,
and when you are going to change the subject.
 After making an important point, explain it, illustrate
it.
 Don't try to pack too many facts into one program.
 Give your audience a chance to digest one concept
before moving on to another.
 Pace your presentation according to the ability of
your target audience to grasp the concepts.
S.No. Video
1 It is defined as a chronic,
severe, disabling brain
disease that occurs in young
adults. (Text on screen)
2 It is said to be a lifelong
condition with associated
social and & occupational
dysfunction. (Text on
screen)
3. Water colours mixing in
water. Title appears – A drop
of sunshine.
Audio
Whispering mysterious sounds,
words like mad, you are crazy; I
am your friend…..
Whispering mysterious sounds,
words like mad, you are crazy; I
am your friend…..
Western instrumental music
S.No. Shot Description Dialogue Music Time
1 Do I look good? I think Western 40 sec
Time: 10 am, Indoor, this is good? Wait. Why
are you smiling. Don‘t instrumental
Home
make fun of me.
Otherwise I will tell my
Mid shot of Rajni setting invisible friend..

her hair while looking into

the mirror and talking to

the interviewer.
Scene/Shot Video Shot Description
No.
1 Mid Shot (2 Sec)
Shift focus (Background to
Main subject
Zoom-in to close-up
 Adobe Photoshop
 Artemis Pro
 Astropad Standard
 Boords Storyboard Creator
 Camera-Storyboard
 Canva
 Clip Studio Paint
 FrameForge Storyboard Studio
 Film continuity is described as shots
taken from different angles and
composition at a single location must
have the same position of characters,
properties, objects, costumes and
even dialogs.
 The basic purpose of making films is
connecting audience with your story.
Makeup applied by a knowledgeable
person can simply enhance or
dramatically change the look of
subjects.
The use of makeup is divided into three
categories:
 Basic - designed to compensate for
undesirable changes in appearance
introduced by the television process.
 Corrective - designed to enhance
positive attributes and downplay flaws.
 Character - which introduces major
changes in appearance.
 Although people might think that
makeup is reserved for people "who
just want to look better" on TV or in
film, in actual fact, makeup may be
required to just retain a subject's
normal appearance.
 This is because the television and
film processes to some degree can
introduce (or make obvious)
undesirable attributes to skin tones
and features.
Lighting Considerations
 Makeup should always be checked, and if
possible even applied, under the lighting
that will be used in photographing the
subject.
 Even when video cameras are properly color
balanced, sunlight, incandescent, and
fluorescent lighting will all affect subject
matter in different ways. For this reason,
many makeup mirrors have adjustments for
each of these types of light.
 Production Expenses can be classified as
1. Above-the-line cost generally relate to
performing & producing elements: talent,
script, music, office services, etc.
2. Below-the-line elements refer to 2 broad
areas:
a. physical elements (sets, props, make-up,
wardrobe, graphics, transportation, production
equipment, studio facilities, editing etc.)
b. Technical personnel (the stage manager,
engineering personnel, video recording
operators, audio operators etc.)
1. Pre- Production Estimate Actual Remarks
a. R&D (in Rs.) (in Rs.)
b. Script and Outline
c. Secretarial Service
d. Printing
e. Graphics
f. Photos/ Films/ Slides
g. Tape (Audio/Video)
h. Sets
i. Props
j. Costumes
k. Music / SFX
l. Miscellaneous
SUBTOTAL
2. Production Estimate Actual
EQUIPMENT (in Rs.) (in Rs.)
• D.S.R. Camera (including)
– Tripod
– 2 Batteries With charger
– Headphone
• Mini-D.V. tapes
• Microphone(s) { ECM 675 GUN } +
Connecting Cable & Converter + Boom
Rod
• Monitor with connecting cable
• Dolly

-Continued-
2. Production Estimate Actual
 Lights (in Rs.) (in Rs.)
- Baby Light { 4 Nos. }
- Multi – 10 { 2 Nos. }
- Light Stand { 6 Nos. }
- Cutters with Stand{4 Nos.}
- Butter Papers { 4 Sheet }

TRAVEL EXPENSE

REFRESHMENTS

LOCATION BOOKING

MISCELLANEOUS
SUBTOTAL
3. Post-Production Estimate Actual
TAPE REVIEW (in Rs.) (in Rs.)

EDITING

VIDEO DUBBING

COLOUR CORRECTION

DUPLICATION

PACKAGING / PROMOS

MISCELLANEOUS

SUBTOTAL
4. PERSONNEL Estimate Actual
PRODUCER/DIRECTOR (in Rs.) (in Rs.)
SCRIPT WRITER
PRODUCTION CREW
1. CAMERA OPERATOR
2. TECHNICIAN (Light, Sound &
Camera)
3. BOOM ROD OPERATOR
4. PRODUCTION ASSISTANT
TALENT
EDITOR
MISCELLANEOUS
SUBTOTAL
Total Pre – Production Expenditure = Rs.
____
Total Expenditure During Production = Rs.
____
Total Post – Production Expenditure = Rs.
____
Total Expenses on Personnel = Rs.
____

NET EXPENSE INVOLVED = Rs. _______

Even though you may have a clear idea in your head of
what you want to get across in a production, unless you
can clearly communicate that idea to people who can help
you launch your production, that's just where your idea will
stay — in your head.

The first step in this direction is to write down a clear and

concise summary of your ideas, in the form of proposal and
treatment…

What is the difference between the two?

A proposal presents the film or video in a series of
categories whereas technically a treatment is a narrative
version of what is or will be on the screen. Although both
terms tend be used interchangeably, they have different
functions. The proposal is written first – and that
information informs the treatment. Both are written to
convince the reader that you can produce a video or film
with impact and significance.

A simple program proposal may be just a couple of pages,

or, in the case of a feature-length dramatic production, a
treatment can run 60 or more pages.
Working title:
Director:
Camera:
Sound:
Editor:
Others:

1) WORKING HYPOTHESIS and INTERPRETATION

Write a hypothesis statement incorporating this wording:
In life I believe that…
My video will show this in action by exploring…
The main conflict is between --- and --- …
Ultimately I want the audience to feel - and understand that ---
2) TOPIC
Write a concise paragraph about:
a) The subject of your video
b) The necessary background information
the audience will need to understand and
be interested in the ‘world’ you will present.
Address how this information will emerge.
3) MAIN CHARACTERS
Write a brief paragraph about each of your main
characters (subjects). For each include:
a) who (name, relationship to others in video,
etc)
b) where (where does this person belong in the
scheme of things)
c) what (what is the character’s role, what makes
the character interesting, significant? what is the
character trying to do or get at?
4) AUDIENCE/AUDIENCE BIASES
Who is your audience? But go deeper – what are
the stereotypes or expectations carried by your
audience that your video must deliberately set up
to alter?
a) list and describe audience
b) list biases (positive or negative)
c) what alternative views, facts, or ideas does
audience need to understand?
d) what evidence will you show to get the
audience to see those different truths?
5) TREATMENT
Using the information from the
proposal, restructure your presentation
into a written narrative, descriptive form
written in the present tense.
•Video Treatment
•Audio Treatment
6) BUDGET
Typically includes: all personnel, materials
(tapes, gels etc…), equipment, location (travel,
per diems etc), post-production costs, graphics
etc…
Title
Programme Format
Duration
Language
Target audience
Objective(s)

Budget

Shooting location