SUMMER INTERNSHIP AT

CONSTRUCTION OF TEJAS EYE HOSPITAL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

CHAUDHARI RAHULBHAI SUNDARBHAI

190140106006

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

Civil Engineering Department

Government Engineering College, Bharuch

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

July, 2022

Gujarat Technological University GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380

Government Engineering College, Bharuch

Opp. Govt. Guest House, Bholav Bharuch, Gujarat 392002

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the internship report submitted along with the project

entitled Construction of Tejas Eye Hospital has been carried out by

Chaudhari Rahulbhai Sundarbhai(190140106006) under my guidance in

partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil

Engineering, 7𝑡ℎ semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad

during the Academic year 2022-23.

Prof.(Dr.) Jaiprakash B. Sharma Prof.(Dr.) Pradeepkumar Lodha

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Gujarat Technological University GEC, Bharuch

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Gujarat Technological University GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380

Government Eninerring College, Bharuch

Opp. Govt. Guest House, Bholav Bharuch, Gujarat 392002

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the internship report submitted along with the internship

project entitled Construction of Tejas Eye Hospital submitted in partial

fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering to

Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original

project work carried out by me at Construction of Tejas Eye Hospital under

the supervision of Mr. Vasantbhai D. Kheradia (External Guide) and

Prof.(Dr.) Jaiprakash B. Sharma (Internal Guide) and that no part of this report

has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other

source, without providing due reference.

Name of the Student Sign. of Student

Chaudhari Rahul Sundarbhai

Gujarat Technological University GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to highly acknowledge and pay respect to all associates with project at different
stages in presenting the reports of internship.

I express sincere thanks to Principal Dr. Sanjaykumar R. Joshi sir, Principal, Government
Engineering colege, Bharuch for suggesting & arranging best possible for us.

My sincere thanks to the Head of Civil Engineering Department Prof.(Dr.) Pradeepkumar

Lodha for his kind help in project. I am also thankful to Prof.(Dr.) Jaiprakash B. Sharma
for their valuable tips during the course of this study.

The internship work is most practical and existing of my learning experience which could
be assets for me in my future career. It is my sincere duty to thanks all those people who
helped me directly and indirectly in this internship.

I am heartily thankful to my parents who have always inspired and encouraged me

throughout my life through all odds and blessed me to achieve all our goals.

Gujarat Technological University I GEC, Bharuch

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ABSTRACT

This internship report is about “ Construction of Tejas Eye Hospital”

Industrial training offered by Gujarat Technoloy university was fortunate opportunity for
me during my fourt year of under graduation. It helped me to apply my theoretical
knowledge gained during the university academic program into real world industrial based
execution and experience professional construction process.

It helped me to enhance my skill and to enrich my industrial knowledge by keeping me

update with the latest technologies. This opportunity is extremely helped me to expose into
real world of civil engineering, where I could think as a civil engineer.

The report consists of brief study and description of materials, equipment and procedures
used at site for construction of a Tejas Eye Hospital. I put my best efforts to elaborate the
actual site condition and problem faced at site and the tactics used to deal with them. The
main objective of this report is to present a systematic text on the execution of construction
of a Tejas Eye Hospital based on the Indian Standard codes.

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List Of Figures
Fig 1.1 Divyajyoti trust logo……………………………………………………………..01

Fig 2.1 Site location……………………………………………………………………...03

Fig 2.2 Basic layout of construction site…………………………………………………04

Fig 3.1 Cement…………………………………………………………………………...05

Fig 3.2 Coarse & fine aggregate………………………………………………………….06

Fig 3.3 Sand………………………………………………………………………………07

Fig 3.4 Water……………………………………………………………………………..07

Fig 3.5 Concrete mixer……………………………………………………………………08

Fig 3.6 Concrete…………………………………………………………………………..09

Fig 4.1 Column function………………………………………………………………….10

Fig 4.2 Layout of column…………………………………………………………………11

Fig 4.3 Column reinforcement work……………………………………………………...12

Fig 4.4 Lateral ties………………………………………………………………………..12

Fig 4.5 Column starter……………………………………………………………………13

Fig 4.6 Formwork of column…………………………………………………………….15

Fig 4.7 Apply oil to ply…………………………………………………………………...15

Fig 4.8 Plumb……………………………………………………………………………..15

Fig 4.9 Pouring concrete in the column…………………………………………………..16

Fig 4.10 Curing………………………………………………………….………………..17

Fig 4.11 Hacking work……………………………………………………………………17

Fig 5.1 Staircase details…………………………………………………………………..19

Fig 5.2 Staircase reinforcement…………………………………………………………..19

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Fig 5.3 Pouring of concrete for staircase…………………………………………………19

Fig 5.4 Curing of staircase………………………………………………………………..20

Fig 5.5 Removal of staircase formwork………………………………………………..…20

Fig 5.6 Landing beam…………………………………………………………………….21

Fig 6.1 Layout of beam…………………………………………………………………...22

Fig 6.2 Formwork of beam……………………………………………………………….23

Fig 6.3 Reinforcement of beam…………………………………………………………..23

Fig 6.4 Concrete cover for beam…………………………………………………………23

Fig 6.5 Slab layout………………………………………………………………………..24

Fig 6.6 Formwork for slab……………………………………………………………..…24

Fig 6.7 Slab shuttering work……………………………………………………………...25

Fig 6.8 Provision of reinforcement for slab……………………………………………....26

Fig 6.9 Reinforcement chair……………………………………………………………...26

Fig 7.1 Rebar chemical injection……………………………………………………….…27

Fig 7.2 Bar bending machine……………………………………………………………..27

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List of Table

Table 2.1 Project details……………………………………………………………….…02

Table 3.1 Quantity of infredients for concrete……………………………………………08

Table 5.1 Staircase details………………………………………………………………...18

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………..…..I

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………II

List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………….III

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………...…V

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………VI

Chapter 1 Overview of the trust………………………………………………………..01

1.1 History……………………………………………………………………………01
1.2 Vision…………………………………………………………………………….01
1.3 Mision………………………………………….…………………………………01

Chapter 2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………02

2.1 Introduction……...……………………………………………………………….02

2.2 Project details…………………………………………………………………….02

2.3 Site location………………………………………………………………………03

2.4 Project status……………………………………………………………………..04

Chapter 3 concrete…………………………………………………………………...…05

3.1 Introduction…………..…………………………………………………………..05

3.2 Composition of concrete…………………………………………………………05

3.3 Procedure to make M25 grade concrete………..………………………………...08

Chapter 4 Column………………………………………………………………………10

4.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………...………10

4.2 Column layout work…………………………………………………………...…11

4.3 Column Reinforcement work…………………………………………………….11

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4.4 Column starter……………………………………………………………………13

4.5 Column formwork………………………………………………………………..13

4.6 pouring concrete in the column…………………………………………………..16

4.7 Curing…………………………………………………………………………….16

4.8 Hacking work…………………………………………………………………….17

Chapter 5 Staircase……………………………………………………………………..18

5.1 Introduction…………...………………………………………………………….18

5.2 Formwork for staircase…………………………………………………………...18

5.3 Reinforcement of staircase……………………………………………………….18

5.4 Pouring of Concrete for staircase………………………………………...………19

5.5 Curing of staircase………………………………………………………………..20

5.6 Removal of staircase formwork………………………………………………….20

5.7 Construction of landing beam……………………………………………………21

Chapter 6 Beam and floor slab…….……….………………………………………….22

6.1 Construction procedure of beam…………………………………………………22

6.2 Construction procedure of slab…………………………………………………..23

6.2.1 Assemble and erect formwork for slab………………………………………24

6.2.2 Prepare and place reinforcement for slab…………………………………….25

Chapter 7 miscellaneous topic…………………………………………………………27

7.1 Rebar chemicals injection………………………………………………………..27

7.2 Bar bending machine……………………………………………………………..27

Chapter 9 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...28

Reference…………………………………………………………………………………29

Gujarat Technological University VII GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380 Ch 1 Overview of the trust

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE TRUST

1.1 HISTORY

• Divyajyoti Trust is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working in Gujarat,

India.
• The registration number of the organization is E/6921/surat.(19-01-2010)
• Established in the year 2010, Divyajyoti Trust work in the area of Health
infrastructure & Nutrition,etc.
• The NGO works towards the promotion of sustainable development.

1.2 VISION

• To provide good health infrastructure.

• To be pioneering center of excellence in eye care services through continuous
upgradation of technology,
• Bringing countries best eye care professionals under one roof and spreading
knowledge through education and training.

1.3 MISSION

• Divya jyoti trust works to empower that the visually impaired so that they lead a
life of dignity and independence.
• Blindness must not be seen as a sign of weakness rather it is a latent from of strength
and energy that can be awakened.
• Through its service, the trust will give basic necessity for survival, wing to the
dreams and improving of every blind person.

Fig. 1.1 Divyajyoti Trust Logo

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 2 Introduction

CHAPTER 2 : INTRODUCTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF SITE

• Site Address: Tejas Eye Hospital is located in Amalsadi village near canal, mandvi,
surat 394160.
• Tejas Eye hospital is a institutional building. Whole structure are frame structure.
It’s contain pre operation room, operation theatre, recovery room , paid ward for
male & female, ICU, administrator office, record room, registration desk/room,
spare room etc.
• The hospital offers a number of facilities to the patient & staff like lift, medicale
store, optical store, camp store, drinking water, changing room for male & female,
laboratory, food for staff and guest etc.

2.2 PROJECT DETAILS

TABLE 2.1 PROJECT DETAILS

Tejas Eye Hospital Amalsadi Village, Taluka mandvi,

Address
District Surat 394160.
Owner Divyajyoti Trust.
Contact 9727567277
District Surat
State Gujarat
Project type Institutional Building
Supervisor Vasantbhai Kheradia and Manubhai
Contractor Nileshbhai
Site Engineer Sumit Rathod , Ashwin Gamit
Architect Essteam, Surat

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Structural Consultant Ashirvad Engineering Consultants, Vadodara, 91-265-

2761977

2.3 SITE LOCATION

Tejas Eye Hospital Amalsadi Village, Taluka mandvi, District Surat 394160.

Tejas Eye Hospital

FIG 2.1 Site location

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2.4 PROJECT STATUS

• There are four building at site. Currently in the building ‘C’ shuttering work for the
third slab is going on, in building ‘A’ brick masonry work & plaster work is going
on. In building ‘A’ bar bending and binding work for second slab is going on. There
is no work in building ‘D’.

Fig 2.2 Basic Layout of construction site

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Team Id : 253380 Ch 3 Concrete

CHAPTER 3 : CONCRETE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

• Concrete is composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded

together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Concrete is the second most
used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building
material.
• M25 grade concrete was used at the construction site. Meaning of M25 grade
concrete is type of grade of concrete that would achieve a compressive strength of
25 N/𝑚𝑚2 after 28 days of curing period of initial cinstruction.

3.2 COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE :

• Concrete is composed of,

Concrete = cement + sand + aggregate + water + admixture + air
▪ Cement :
The mixture of cement and water is called paste. The function of paste is to bind
sand aggregate particles by the chemical process of hydration. It is also fills void
between sand and aggregate particles. The strenght of concrete depends upon the
properties of cement, sand and aggregate. At my site portland pozzolana cement
(Fly ash based Fle ash 32%) is used.

▪ Aggregate:

The aggregate occupy about 75% of the volume of concrete and hence their
influence on various properties of concrete is considerable. Properties of aggregate

greatly affect the properties of concrete such as workability, strength, durability,

and economy.

Aggregate are genrally cheaper than cement and impact greater and durability to
concrete. The aggregate is used primarily for the purpose of providing bulk to the
concrete. To increse the density of concrete the aggregate is frequently used in two

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or more size. The most important function of the fine aggregate is to assist in
producing workability and uniformity in mixture. the fine aggregate also assists the
cement paste to hold the coarse aggregate particles in suspension.

The aggregate having size smaller then 4.75 mm are called fine aggregate.

The aggregate having size of greater then 4.75 mm are called coarse aggregate.

Fig 3.2 Coarse & Fine Aggregate

▪ Sand :
Sand is a vital ingredient of concrete as a fine aggregate. Although the sand is an
inert material in the concrete mix, its role cannot be neglected.
Sand can offers requisite surface area for the film of building material to adhere and
spraed.
Sand can increase the volume of mortar & consequently ,akes mortar more
economical.
Well-graded sand adds to the density of mortar and concrete. Prevents excessive
shrinkage of mortar.
Most of the particles present in the sand may be of 4.75 mm or 5 mm. The main
criterion for division into coarse and fine can be 0.6 mm in size. It becomes coarse

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sand if the major part is above 0.6 mm in size and fine sand if the major part is
below 0.6 mm.

Fig 3.3 Sand

▪ Water
Water is an important ingredient of concrete. Concrete is produced by mixing
binding materials and inert materials with water. Thus, water and its quality and
quantity plays an important role in determining the quality of concrete.

Fig 3.4 Water

▪ Admixtures:
Admixture is defined as a material other than the basic ingredients of concrete
cement, aggregate and water added to the concrete mix immediately or during

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mixing to modify some properties of concrete in the fresh or hardened state. The
use of admixture like accelerators, retarders, air-entraining agents, pozzolanic
materials, water proofing admixtures etc. sometimes on our internship site Dr. Fixit
admixture was using.

3.3 PROCEDURE TO MAKE M25 GRADE CONCRETE

• This procedure is only for 1 bag (50 kg) of cement.

TABLE 3.1 QUANTITY OF INGREDIENTS

Cement 50 kg
Coarse Aggregate 102 kg
Grit 65 kg
Sand 98 kg
Water 25 liter
Admixture 250 ml

Fig 3.5 Concrete mixer

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• Step 1 : As shown in figure 3.3.1, 50 kg of cement, 102 kg of coarse aggregate, 65

kg of grit, 98 kg of sand are placed in the tray.
• Step 2 : After all the material is placed in the tray, the material is fed into the rotating
drum with the help of a machine.
• Step 3 : After placing the material in a rotating drum, pour 25 liters of water into it.
• Step 4 : After adding water, the drum should be allowed to rotate for 2 minutes.
• Step 5 : After this process M25 grade concrete is ready for concreting work.

Fig 3.6 Concrete

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 4 Column

CHAPTER 4 : COLUMN

4.1 INTRODUCTION

• Column is a vertical structural member that carry loads mainly in compression. It

might transfer loads from a ceiling, floor slab, roof slab, or from a beam, to a floor
or foundations. Commonly columns also carry bending moments about one or both
of the cross-section axes.

Fig 4.1 Column Function

• A whole building stands on columns. Most of the building failure happens due to
column failre. And most of the column failure happens not for design fault but for
the poor construction practice. So, it is very important to know the construction
process of the RCC column properly.
• Rcc column are mainly constructed in four different stages, which are
1. Column layout work.
2. Column reinforcement work.
3. Column formwork.
4. Pouring concrete.

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4..2 COLUMN LAYOUT WORK

• This is the first step of column construction. In this step, the location of column is
decided practically in the field. It is done by laying rope as per the grids are shown in
the drawing and afterward, the location of column are marked.

Fig 4.2 Layout of column

4.3 COLUMN REINFORCEMENT WORK

• When marking of column location is done, the reinforcement of columns are placed
according to the structural drawing.
In drawing C1-12#16mmØ and stirrup 10 mm Ø@100mm c/c
This means, the column c1 will have 12 number of 16mm diameter bars as the
vertical bar and 10mm diameter steel should be placed 100mm center to center
spacing as the stirrup.
Symbol # indicate ribbed bar. And symbol Ø indicate diameter of bar.
.

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Fig 4.3 Column reinforcement work

• PROVISION OF LATERAL TIES

• provision of lateral ties to resist buckling of column. And to bind longitudinal
reinforcement and proper distribution of concrete. Providing laterral ties at the
proper spacing confines concrete thereby preventing pieces of failed concrete from
falling away.

Fig 4.4 Lateral ties

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4.4 COLUMN STARTER

• starter is generally a casting of concrete material with equivalent width and length
of column section and comparatively smaller height of around 10 cm. It is cast in
such a manner that equal cover is left encircling the reinforcement bars of column
and then shuttering of column is provided. The main purpose of starter is to fine-
tune the form work of a column vertically to maintain sufficient gap among column
reinforcement and shuttering.
• Benefits of starter
a. It is easier to set up & check the center line of the starter as compared to that
of the column.
b. With the existence of the starter is exact place, fixing the column becomes
stronger. Sometimes, the column form work turns out to be skew. With
starter, this issue is reduced completely.

Fig 4.5 Column starter

4.5 COLUMN FORMWORK SHUTTERING

• Check the size of shuttering for column and it should be as per drawing.

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• Check center lines of columns with respect to adjacent columns or as specified in

drawing.
• The column shuttering should be strong enough to take the pressure of fresh
concrete and remain in position during concreting, particularly when vibrator is
applied.
• To hold the concrete shuttering firmly in place with proper alignment, concrete
starter called “kicker” should be cast before fixing the shuttering and of same
concrete mix.
• The starter should be hard enough to fix shuttering around it.
• Column box or shuttering for column should be made of plywood sheets or steel
sheets fabricated with adequate battens and stiffeners.
• Apply water-based shuttering oil on the shutter. It helps to get the good finished
surface of the concrete. The shuttering oil enables the easy removal of column
formwork after the concrete hardens. It also increases the numbers of shutter
repetition.
• Shuttering should be properly aligned to its verticality and diagonal. It should be
checked to ensure the accuracy of dimensions. The column should be acceptably
accurate in shape and position with good alignment to other adjacent columns,
walls etc. It should be as per predetermined grid specified in drawing.
• Plumb the formwork both ways and support it by using adjustable steel props or
wooden prop. Ensure the steel props are safely secured to the column formwork
and the floor, and that adjustment for pushing and pulling is operational. It is
necessary to check the plumb again after providing the supports. Hence check the
plumb of column shuttering by using plumb bob.
• It should be thoroughly supported to props or ties before pouring the concrete so
that it does not move horizontally or vertically during concreting.
• Sufficient quantity of clamps (shikanjas) should be fixed to prevent bulging of the
column during concreting. It should be fixed at a 0.60m interval.
• The gap between the joint of shutters should be sealed to prevent any leakage of
cement slurry.
• Appropriate space to be provided between the inner face of the shutter and
reinforcement by fixing cover block as provided in drawing.
• Minimum 40 mm cover should be provided in column.

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• Permissible concreting level should be marked by considering beam depth.

Wooden patti

Props Shikanja

Wooden ply Chavi

Tie rod

Boiler

Fig 4.6 Formwork of column

Plumb

Fig 4.7 Apply oil to ply Fig 4.8 Plumb

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4.6 POURING CONCRETE IN THE COLUMN

• M25 grade concrete is used for casting of column.

• Before the casting work start the reinforcement details and shuttering work should
be checked.
• Newly placed concrete must be vibrated as soon as possible. The concrete vibrator
head will go in between rebar columns and should require the head to be submerged
for 5 to 15 seconds. The vibrator head should not be forced down, it should only
submerge itself by its own weight.

Fig 4.9 Pouring concrete in the column

• After 24 hours, the formwork is removed carefully.

4.7 CURING

• The surface should be flooded with water for 24 hours after the concrete has been
laid.
• Curing should continue for a minimum of fifteen days after the concreting is done.
Water used for curing should be of the same quality as that used for mixing the
concrete.

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• the columns should be covered with gunny sacks.

Fig 4.10 Curing

4.8 HACKING WORK

• The main purpose of Hacking work (Tacha) is when we apply a plaster coat over
the concrete surface, it needs proper bonding without falling or dis-engaging from
the surface.

Fig 4.11 Hacking work

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 5 Staircase

CHAPTER 5 : STAIRCASE

5.1 INTRODUCTION

• Stairs are used to create a pedestrian path between different vertical levels by
dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps.
• Here the concrete staircase is constructed. Construction of Staircase consists of
construction of waist slab , construction of landing beam and construction of
landing slab.

Table 5.1 Staircase Details

Component Dimensuion
300 mm
Thread
167 mm
Riser
1550 mm
Width
35 Degree
Flight Angle

5.2 FORM WORK FOR STAIRCASE

• The most important step when building concrete stairs is to use a proper formwork.
The angle of flight, dimensions of thread and riser are to be properly checked.
• the wooden boards are used to create the steps and are fastened with several screws
to the lateral structure of the formwork.

5.3 REINFORCEMENT OF STAIRCASE

• The concrete steps are to be reinforced with steel bars so as it carries the loads
coming upon the stairs and transfer them to the ground. The number of steel bars
and size of the bars is to be calculated by a structural engineer depending upon the
loads coming on the stairs.

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Fig 5.1 Staircase details Fig 5.2 Staircase reinforcement

5.4 POURING OF CONCRETE FOR STAIRCASE

• Pouring of concrete into the formworks is started from the below part to above.
• Needle concrete vibrator is used while pouring the concrete to completely fill the
gaps of the stairs and to avoid the honeycomb formation.

Needle Concrete Vibrator

Fig 5.3 Pouring of concrete for staircase

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5.5 CURING OF STAIRCASE

• Here curing of staircase is done by covering it by wet burlap.

Fig 5.4 Curing of staircase

5.6 REMOVAL OF STAIRCASE FORMWORK

• After serval days , the formwork is carefully removed. Once the formwork is
removed, the stairs can be finished in many ways as per the requirement of the use.

Fig 5.5 Removal of staircase formwork

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5.7 CONSTRUCTION OF LANDING BEAM

• Here, as the landing beam would be supported on columns. Concretes in such

columns are poured up to a certain level, in order to provide landing beam.
• Construction of landing beam includes.
1. Formwork of landing beam at certain level.
2. Placement of Reinforcement of landing beam as per design.
3. Pouring concrete in landing beam.
4. Curing.

Bottom Steel Support

Landing Beam

Fig 5.6 Landing beam

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 6 Beam and floor slab

CHAPTER 6 : BEAM AND FLOOR SLAB

• A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by

resisting against bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam
as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these
loads is called a bending moment.
• A slab is a structural element, made of concrete, that is used to create flat horizontal
surfaces such as floors, roof decks, and ceilings.

Fig 6.1 Layout of slab & beam

6.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF BEAM

• First of all level of bottom for all the beams is marked on corresponding columns
and level is checked by the level pipe.
• After that bottoms are fixed at certain level on column.
• Formwork and shuttering work of beam is then carried out. Wooden ply should be
cleaned and oiled.

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 6 Beam and floor slab

Fig 6.2 Formwork of beam

• After the installment of formwork of beam, reinforcement as per drawing is

provided.

Fig 6.3 Reinforcement of Fig 6.4 Concrete cover for beam

beam

6.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF SLAB

1. Assemble and Erect Formwork.

2. Prepare and Place Reinforcement.

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 6 Beam and floor slab

3. Pour, Compact and Finish Concrete.

4. Curing Concrete and Remove Formwork.

Fig 6.5 slab layout

6.2.1 ASSEMBLE AND ERECT FORMWORK FOR SLAB

• The formwork shall be designed to withstand construction loads such as fresh

concrete pressure and weight of workers and operators and their machines.
• Formwork of slab should be positioned correctly, lined and levelled, joints sealed
adequately, and prevent protruding of nails into the concrete.

Fig 6.6 Form work For Slab

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 6 Beam and floor slab

Fig 6.7 Slab Shuttering Work

6.2.2 PREPARE AND PLACE REINFORCEMENT FOR SLAB

• Prior to the placement of reinforcement for concrete floor slab construction, inspect
and check forms to confirm that the dimensions and the location of the concrete
members conform to the structural plans.
• Added to that, the forms shall be properly cleaned and oiled but not in such amount
as to run on to bars or concrete construction joints.
• Design drawings provides necessary reinforcement details, so it only needs
understanding to use designated bar size, cutting required length, and make
necessary hooks and bents.
• After preparation is completed, steel bars are placed into their positions with the
provision of specified spacings and concrete cover.
• The concrete cover and spacing for floor slabs can be maintained by introducing
spacers and bars supporters.
• Finally, after all requirements of reinforcement placements (positions, concrete
cover, spacing, and correct bars size; length; hooks; and bending) are finalized, then
slab is ready for concreting.

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Team Id: 253380 Ch 6 Beam and floor slab

Fig 6.8 Provision of Reinforcement For Slab

• Chair bar provided in slab reduce the chance of collapsing and touching of upper
cage reinforcement and lower cage reinforcement and reduce the failure of
compression and tension zone in concrete structure.

Chair

Cover Block

Fig 6.9 Reinforcement Chair

(At my site work was done upto slab shuttering)

Gujarat Technological University 26 GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380 Ch 7 Miscellaneous topic

CHAPTER 7 : MISCELLANEOUS TOPIC

7.1 REBAR CHEMICALS INJECTION

• Rebaring is the method of insertion of the Steel bars when, there is change in design
or there is some extension of the present structure. When Steel rod as per drawing
has not been installed.

Fig 8.1 Rebar Chemicals Injection

7.2 BAR BENDING MACHINE

• Steal bending machine are usually used for accuracy of bending angles. The
machine is suitable for bending wide varieties of steel bars, TMT, and
reinforcement bars etc used in constructions. It is capable of bending the toughest
rebars and its application is very extensive

Fig 8.2 Bar Bending Machine

Gujarat Technological University 27 GEC, Bharuch

Team Id: 253380 Ch 8 Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION

The internship is a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical or the reality
work at the field of construction or civil engineering work. The responsibilities of the
hosting company are to teach student and shape them as a real site workers. This program
played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works can be only
implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building
construction. We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that
arise in a building construction.

Since I took my internship session at construction of Tejas Eye Hospital project. I get an
opportunity to work in the different part of the construction work which helps me to gain
more knowledge by seeing what they work in their own office and what is their main
responsibilities to the client and also each other.

The main objective of the internship is to provide an opportunity to undergraduate to

identify, observe and practice how civil engineering is applicable and the real site it is not
only to get experience on technical practices but also to observe management practices and
to interact with the field workers.

In internship come up with the challenges and teach us how we must grown to be in the
field after the graduation. Overall the internship program laid sound foundation for us to
start our career.

Gujarat Technological University 28 GEC, Bharuch

Team id: 253380

REFERENCES

• IS: 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

• IS: 800: 2007 General Construction in Steel.
• Column Construction Process
• https://youtu.be/kObUpx_2EwY

Gujarat Technological University 29 GEC, Bharuch