RESERVOIR II - Updated PDF

Reservoir Engineering II 2021/2022 Academic Year
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Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 1

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− 1 V
c=
V p
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1 
c=
 p
p V 1
− c dp =  dV
pref Vref V
− c p  pref = InV Vref

p V

− c p − p ref = InV − InVref 

c p ref − p = In  V
Vref

c pref − p  V
e =
Vref


c pref − p 
V = Vref e
ρ ρ − −
1 1  z 
cg = −  
p z  p  T

1
cg =
p
1 1 z 
cg = −  
p pr p pc z   ( p pr p pc )
T pr
1 1  z 
c g p pc = c pr = −  
p pr z  p pr 
T pr
1 1
cg = = = 500  10 −6
p 2000

γ − γ
γ − γ
p 2000
p pr = = = 2.99
p pc 668.4
T 600
T pr = = = 1.52
T pc 395.5
 z 
  = −0.022
 p pr  Tpr
1 1  z 
c pr = −  
p pr z  p pr 
T pr
c pr =
1
−
1
− 0.022 = 0.3627
2.99 0.78
0.327
cg = = 543  10 −6
668.4

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 p 
  =0
 t  i
 p 
  = f (i, t )
 t 
 p 
  =
 t  i

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q k dp
v= =−
A  dx
qr k  p 
v= =  
Ar   r  r

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kA( p1 − p 2 )
L p2
q k
A0 dx = −
  dp
p1
q=
L
0.001127kA( p1 − p 2 )
q=
L
′ ′
φ
a)
b)
c)
a)
0.001127kA( p1 − p 2 )
q=
L
q=
(0.001127)(100)(6000)(2000 − 1990) = 1.6905
(2)(2000)
b)
q (1.6905)(5.615)
v= = = 0.0016
A 6000
c)
q (1.6905)(5.615)
v= = = 0.0105
A (0.15)(6000)
  
 i = pi −  z i
 144 
Φ − γ∆
∆
ρ
γ
Φ
∆

  
 i = pi +  z i Φ γ∆
 144 
  
 i = pi −  z i Φ − γ∆
 144 
0.001127kA( 1 −  2 )
q=
L
Φ −Φ
−

    42 
 1 = p1 −  z1 = 2000 −  (87.15) = 1974.58
 144   144 
    42 
 2 = p2 +  z 2 = 1990 +  (87.15) = 2015.42
 144   144 
Φ Φ
∆Φ −
    42 
 1 = p1 −  z1 = 2000 −  (174.3) = 1949.16
 144   144 
    42 
 2 = p2 +  z 2 = 1990 +  (0) = 1990
 144   144 
∆Φ −
0.001127kA( 1 −  2 )
q=
L
0.001127(100)(6000)(40.84)
q= = 6.9
(2)(2000)
q (6.9)(5.615)
= = = 0.0065
A 6000
=
q
=
(6.9)(5.615) = 0.043
A (0.15)(6000)
=

q q ref 1 + c( p ref − p ) 
= −0.001127
k dp
A A  dx
q ref L
k 
p2
dp 
A  dx = −0.001127
0
 p11 + c( p ref − p )
 
 0.001127kA  1 + c( p ref − p 2 )
q ref =   In 1 + c( p − p ) 
 cL   ref 1 

 0.001127kA 
q1 = 
cL  In1 + c( p1 − p 2 )
 
 0.001127kA   1 
q2 =   In  
 cL  1 + c( p 2 − p1 )
× − −
 0.001127kA 
q1 = 
cL  In1 + c( p1 − p 2 )
 
 (0.001127)(100)(6000)
q1 = 
( )(  )
−5
( )
 ( )
 In 1 + 21  10 (2000 − 1990)
−5

 2 21 10 2000 
q1 = 1.689
 0.001127kA   1 
q2 =   In  
 cL  1 + c( p 2 − p1 )
 (0.001127)(100)(6000)  1 
q2 = 
( )  In 
( ) 
 (2) 21  10 (2000)  1 + 21  10 (1990 − 2000)
−5 −5
q2 = 1.692

pV
n=
zRT
nz sc RTsc
Vsc =
p sc
pV p scVsc
=
zT Tsc
5.615 pq p sc Qsc
=
zT Tsc
 p sc  zT  Qsc 
   =q
 Tsc  p  5.615 
q  p sc  zT  Qsc  1  k dp
=      = −0.001127
A  Tsc  p  5.615  A   dx

 Qsc p sc T L p2
p
  dx = −  dp
 0.006328kTsc A  0 p1
z g
Qsc =
(
0.003164Tsc Ak p12 − p 22 )
p sc TLz g
Qsc =
(
0.111924 Ak p12 − p 22 )
TLz g
p12 + p 22
p=
2

m
n=
M
m 
pV =   RT
M 
m pM
g = =
V RT
m pM
g = =
V zRT

(1)RTsc (1)(10.73)(520)
Vsc = =
Psc 14.7
V = 379.4
pM a
g =
RT
pM a
g =
zRT
V RT 1
v= = =
m pM a  g

g
g =
 air
Psc M a
RTsc
g =
Psc M air
RTsc
Ma Ma
g = =
M air 28.96
γ
ρ
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   g Y 
 g = 10 K exp X 
−4
 
  62.4  

(9.4 + 0.02M a )T 1.5

K=
209 + 19M a + T
986
X = 3.5 + + 0.01M a
T
Y = 2.4 − 0.2 X
Ma Ma
g = =
M air 28.96
pM a
g =
zRT
g =
(2000)(20.85) = 8.3
(0.78)(10.73)(600)
K=
9.4 + 0.02(20.85)(600)1.5 = 119.72
209 + 19(20.85) + 600
+ 0.01(20.85) = 5.35
986
X = 3.5 +
600
X = 2.4 − 0.2(5.35) = 1.33

   g Y 
 g = 10 K exp X 
−4
 
  62.4  
  8.3  
1.33
 g = 10 (119.72) exp5.35
−4
  = 0.0173cp
  62.4  
2100 2 + 1894.732
p= = 2000
2
T pc = 168 + 325 g − 12 .5 g2 p pc = 677 + 15 g − 37 .5 g2

T pc = 168 + 325 (0.72 ) − 12 .5(0.72 ) p pc = 677 + 15(0.72 ) − 37 .5(0.72 )
2 2
600 2000
T pr = = 1.52 p pr = = 2.99
395.5 668.4

Qsc =
(
0.111924 Ak p12 − p 22 )
TLz g
Qsc =
(
0.111924(4500)(60) 2100 2 − 1894.732 )
(600)(2500)(0.78)(0.0173)
Qsc = 1,224,244
q k dp
v= = 0.001127
Ar  dr

q q k dp
v= = = 0.001127
Ar 2rh  dr
Qo Bo k dp
= 0.001127
2rh  o dr

r2
 Qo  dr
p2
 k 
r1 2h  r
  = 0.001127 p1  o Bo dp

p2
Qo r 2 dr 0.001127k
2h r1 r  dp
=
 o Bo p1
0.00708kh( p 2 − p1 )
Qo =
 o Bo In r2 r 
 1
0.00708kh( pe − p wf )
Qo =
 o Bo In re r 
 w 
re2 = 43,560 A
43,560 A
re =


 Q B   r 
p = p wf +  o o o  In 
 0.00708kh   rw 
  BQ   r 
p = p wf +  o o o  In 
 0.00708kh   rw 
 (2.5)(1.25)(600)   r 
p = 1800 +   In 
 (0.00708)(120)(25)  0.25 
 r 
p = 1800 + 88.28In 
 0.25 

q
=
 
q ref 1 + c( p ref − p )
= 0.001127
k dp
Ar 2rh  dr

q ref  re dr pe
dp

2kh rw r
= 0.001127 
pwf
1 + c( p ref − p )
 
0.00708kh   1 + c( p e − p ref ) 
 
=  In  
 re   1 + c( p wf − p ref )
q ref

 cIn  
  rw  
 
 
Qo = 

0.00708kh 

In 1 + co ( p e − p wf )
 re  
  o Bo co In  
  rw  
× − −

 0.00708(120)(25) 
Qo = 
( )
 ( −6
)
  In 1 + 25  10 (2506 − 1800) 
 (2.5)(1.25) 25  10 In(745 0.25)
−6
0.00708(120)(25)(2506 − 1800)
Qo =
(2.5)(1.25)In(745 0.25)
0.001127(2rh)k dp
q gr =
g dr
5.615q gr p Q g Psc
=
zRT z sc RTsc
 Psc  zT 
  Qg = q gr
 5.615Tsc  p 

 Psc  zT  0.001127(2rh)k dp
  Qg =
 5.615Tsc  p  g dr
 TQ g  dr  2p 
  = 0.703 dp
 z
 kh  r  g 
r
 TQ g  dr p
 2p 
r  kh  = 0.703   dp
 z
w  r pwf  g 
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 TQ g   r  p
 2p 
  In  = 0.703   dp
 z
 kh   rw  p wf  g 
p
 2p 
  
p wf 
z
dp

g 
p
 2p  p
 2p  p wf
 2p 
p   g z dp = 0   g z dp − 0   g z dp
wf      

 TQ g   r  p 2p  pwf
 2p  
  In  = 0.703    dp −   dp 
 
 0  g      
 kh   wr z 0 
z
g  
p
 2p 
0   g z dp
 
ψ
p
 
m( p ) =  =  
2p 
dp
 z
0  g 
 TQ g   r 
  In  = 0.703( −  w )
 kh   rw 
Qg T  r 
 = w + In 
0.703kh  rw 
ψ
ψ
0.703kh( −  w )
Qg =
 r 
T  In 
 rw 

0.703kh( e −  w )
Qg =
 r 
T  In e 
 rw 
ψ
ψ
kh( e −  w )
Qg =
 r 
1422T  In e 
 rw 
kh( e −  w )
Qg =
 r  
1422T  In e  − 0.5
  rw  

 2p 
 
 z
 g 

ψ ψ
ψ
ψ × ψ ×

kh( e −  w )
Qg =
 r 
1422T  In e 
 rw 
Qg =
(65)(15)(1089 − 816)10 6
(1422)(600)In 1000 
 0.25 
 2 p 1 p 1 p
+ =
r 2 r r  t
η
0.000264k
=
ct
 2 p 1 p
+ =0
r 2 r r

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 70.6Qo  o Bo   − 948o ct r 
2
p(r , t ) = p i +   i
E 
 kh   kt 
(1-59)

948ct r 2
x=
kt
E i (x ) = a1 + a 2 In(x ) + a 3 In(x ) + a 4 In(x ) + a 5 x + a 6 x 2 + a 7 x 3 +

2 3 a8
x



Β × − −
a)
b)
 70.6Qo  o Bo   − 948o ct r 
2
p(r , t ) = pi +   Ei  
 kh   kt 
( )
 70.6(300)(1.5)(1.25)  − 948(0.15)(1.5) 12  10 −6 r 2 
p(r , t ) = 4000 + 
(60)(15)  Ei  (60)(t ) 
   
  r2 
p(r , t ) = 4000 + 44.125E i − 42.6  10 −6  
  t 
 r2 
x = −42.6  10 −6  
 1 
− − −
− −
− −
− −
− −
−

−
−
−
−
 r2 
x = −42.6  10  
−6
−
 12 
− − −
− − −
− − −
− −
− −
− −
− −
− − −
−
−

162.6Qo  o Bo   kt  
p(r , t ) = pi − log  − 3.23

  o ct r
2
kh  
162.6Qo  o Bo   kt  
p wf = pi − log  − 3.23

  o ct rw
2
kh  

) (0.15)(1.5)(1260 10 )(0.25)
−6
(
2
t = 9.48  10 4  = 0.000267
162.6Qo  o Bo   kt  
p wf = pi − log  − 3.23

  o ct rw
2
kh  
162.6(300)(1.5)(1.25)   (60)(10)  
p wf = 4000 −  log  − 3.23
(60)(15) ( )
  (0.15)(1.5) 12  10 (0.25)
−6 2 
 
p wf = 3358

•
∆
•
∆

•
∆
∆ ∆ ∆
 Qo Bo  o   rskin   Qo Bo  o   rskin 
p skin =   In  −   In r 
 0.00708hk skin   w  
r 0.00708hk   w 
 Q B   k  r 
p skin =  o o o   − 1 In skin 
 0.00708kh   k skin   rw 
 Q B   Q B  
p skin =  o o o  s = 141.2 o o o  s
 0.00708kh   kh 
 k  r 
s= − 1 In skin 
 k skin   rw 

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∆ ∆
∆
∆
162.6Qo1  o Bo   kt  
(p − p wf ) = (p )well1 =  log  − 3.23 + 0.87 s 

  ct rw
i 2
kh  

 162.6Qo1  o Bo    kt  
(p − p wf ) =   log  − 3.23 + 0.87 s 

   ct rw
i

2

total @ well 1
kh 
 70.6Qo 2  o Bo   − 948ct r12   70.6Qo3  o Bo   − 948ct r22 

−   Ei   −    E i 
 kh   kt   kh   kt 
162.6Qo1  o Bo   kt  
=  log  − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
  o ct rw
2
kh  
162.6(100)(2.0)(1.20)   (40)(15)  
=  log  − 3.23 + 0.87(− 0.5)
(40)(20) (
  (0.15)(2.0) 20  10 (0.25)
−6 2
) 
 

 70.6Qo 2  o Bo   − 948ct r12 

= −   Ei  
 kh   kt 
 70.6(160)(2.0)(1.20) 
= −
( )
 − 948(0.15)(2.0) 20  10 −6 (400)2 
  Ei  
 (40)(20)   (40)(15) 
= 33.888  − Ei (− 1.5168)
= (33.888)(0.0977)
= 3.31
 70.6Qo 3  o Bo   − 948ct r22 

= −   Ei  
 kh   kt 
 70.6(200)(2.0)(1.20) 
= −
( )
 − 948(0.15)(2.0) 20  10 −6 (700)2 
  E i  
 (40)(20)   (40)(15) 
= 42.36  − Ei (− 4.645)
(
= (42.36) 1.75  10 −3 )
= 0.074

∆ ∆ − ∆ − ∆ −
∆ −
162.6(Q1 − 0)B    kt 4  
∆ =   log  − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
2 
 kh    ct rw  

162.6(Q2 − Q1 )B    k (t 4 − t1 )  
∆ =    log   − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
 2 
 kh    ct rw  
162.6(Q3 − Q2 )B    k (t 4 − t 2 )  
∆ =    log   − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
 2 
 kh    ct rw  
162.6(Q4 − Q3 )B    k (t 4 − t 3 )  
∆ =    log   − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
 2 
 kh    ct rw  
′
φ ′
× − −
162.6(Q1 − 0)B    kt  
∆ =   log c r 2  − 3.23 + 0.87 s 

 kh    t w  
162.6(100 − 0)(2.5)(1.1)   (40)(15)  

∆ =  log  − 3.23 + 0
 (40)(20) 
(
   (0.15)(2.5) 20  10 (0.3)
−6 2
) 
 

162.6(Q2 − Q1 )B    k (t 4 − t1 )  
∆ =   log 2 
 − 3.23 + 0.87s 
 kh    ct rw  
162.6(70 − 100)(2.5)(1.1)   (40)(15 − 2)  
∆ =  log  − 3.23
 (40)(20) 
(
   (0.15)(2.5) 20  10 (0.3)
−6 2
) 
 
162.6(Q3 − Q2 )B    k (t 4 − t 2 )  
∆ =    log   − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
 2 
 kh    ct rw  
162.6(150 − 70)(2.5)(1.1)   (40)(15 − 5)  
∆ =  log  − 3.23
 (40)(20) 
(
   (0.15)(2.5) 20  10 (0.3)
−6 2
) 
 
162.6(Q4 − Q3 )B    k (t 4 − t 3 )  
∆ =    log   − 3.23 + 0.87 s 
 2 
 kh    ct rw  
162.6(85 − 150)(2.5)(1.1)   (40)(15 − 10)  
∆ =  log  − 3.23
 (40)(20) 
(
   (0.15)(2.5) 20  10 (0.3)
−6 2
) 
 
∆ − −


•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
e w = Qo B o + Q g B g + Q w B w

dWe dN p dN p dW p
ew = = Bo + (GOR − Rs ) Bg + Bw
dt dt dt dt
dWe dN p dN p dW p
dt dt dt dt
ew = (1.4)(32,000) + (900 − 700)(32,000)(0.00082) + (0)(1.0)
e w = 50,048

a)
b)


•
•
•
•
•
•

∆ ∆
( )
  r 2 − re2 h 
Wi =  a 
 5.615 


f =
360
Ѳ
Aquifer
Reservoir
re
ɵ
ra

( )
  ra2 − re2 h 
Wi =  
 5.615 
( )
  10,000 2 − 2,600 2 (25)(0.12)
Wi =   = 156.5
 5.615 
( ) ( )(
We = 4  10 −6 + 3  10 −6 156.5  10 6  )
 80 
(200) = 48,689
 360 
 
 
dWe
= ew =  0.00708kh 
( pi − p )
dt   ra  
  w In  
  re  
dWe
= ew = C ( pi − p )
dt

dWe dN p dN p dW p
dt dt dt dt
ew = (1.4)(32,000) + (900 − 700)(32,000)(0.00082) + (0)(1.0)
ew = C ( pi − p )

50,048
C= = 100
(3500 − 3000)
We t
 dWe =  C ( pi − p )dt
0 0
t
We = C  ( pi − p )dt
0
 (p
0
i − p )dt

t
 p − p1  ( p − p1 ) + ( pi − p2 )
 (p
0
i − p )dt = areaI + areaII + areaIII + etc. =  i
 2 
(t1 − 0) + i
2
(t 2 − t1 )
( pi − p 2 ) + ( pi − p3 )
+ (t 3 − t 2 ) + etc.
2
t
We = C  (p )t
0

t
We = C  (p )t
0
 50 
We = 130 (100 − 0)
 2
We = 130(2,500) = 325,000
t
We = C  (p )t
0
 50   50 + 90  
We = 130 (100 − 0) +  (200 − 100)
 2   2  
We = 130(2,500 + 7,000) = 1,235,000
t
We = C  (p )t
0
 50   50 + 90   120 + 90  
We = 130 (100 − 0) +  (200 − 100) +  (300 − 200)
 2   2   2  
We = 130(2,500 + 7,000 + 10,500) = 2,600,000
t
We = C  (p )t
0

  160 + 120  
We = 1302,500 + 7,000 + 10,500 +  (400 − 300)
  2  
We = 4,420,000
dWe 0.00708kh( p i − p )
ew = =
dt  w In(at )
dWe C ( p i − p )
ew = =
dt In(at )
 p − p
t
We = C   i
In(at ) 
dt
0 
t
 p 
We = C   t
0  In(at ) 
 pi − p  1
  = In(at )
 w  C
e

pi − p  1  1
=   In(a ) +   In(t )
ew C  C 
(pi − p)/ ew
(1/C) In(a)
In (t)

C ( pi − p ) C ( pi − p )
ew =  In(at ) =
In(at ) ew

t
 p −p 
We = 50  i
In(0.064t )
dt
0 
1186.25
 pi − p 
We = 2388  10 3 + 50 
1095
 In(0.064t )dt
 
 3793 − 3379 3793 − 3416 

 In(0.064  1186.25) + In(0.064  1095) 
We = 2388  10 3 + 50   (1186.25 − 1095)
 2 
 
We = 2388  10 3 + 420 .508  10 3 = 2809

ew =
dWe
dt
(
J p a − pr )
pa
(
We = ctWi pi − p a f )
pa
 We   W 
p a = pi 1 −  = pi 1 − e 
 ctWi pi   Wei 
pa
dWe W d pa
= − ei
dt pi dt

 
We =
Wei
( pi − pr )exp − Jpi t 
pi  Wei 
(We )n =
Wei
( )
 pa n −1
( )  1 − exp − JpWt
− pr n
i n 

pi   ei 
(p )
a n −1
 (W ) 
(p )
a n −1 = pi 1 − e n −1 
 Wei 
(p )
r n
( pr )n + ( pr )n−1
(p )
r n =
2

(2-26)
(2-27)
(2-28)

Wi =
5.615
(ra
2
)
− re2 h
Wei = ctWi pi f
∆
∆
(We )1 = Wei  pi − ( p r )n  1 − exp − Jpi t1 

  
pi   Wei 

+ ( p r )1
(p ) = p
r 1
i
(We )2 = Wei  ( p a )1 − ( p r )2  1 − exp − Jpi t 2 

  
pi   Wei 
(p )
a 1
(p ) = p 1 − (WW ) 

a 1 i
e 1
 ei 
n
We =  (We )i
t =1
′ × −

 140 
re = 
(2,374)(43,560) = 9,200

 360  
 140  (1,000,000)(43,560)
ra =   = 46,000
 360  
ra 46,000
rD = = =5
re 9,200

Wi =
5.615
(r a
2
)
− re2 h

Wi =
5.615
(46,000 2
)
− 9,200 2 (100)(0.25)
Wi = 28.41MMM
Wei = ctWi pi f
( ) 140 
Wei = 7  10 −6 28.41  10 9 (2740)  = 211.9MM
 360 

0.00708khf
J=
 In(rD )
 140 
0.00708(200)(100) 
J=  360 
= 116.5
0.55In(5)
Jpi 116.5  2740

= = 1.506  10 −3
Wei 211.9  10 6
∆
Jpi t
−
= 1 − e −(1.50610 )(365) = 0.4229
−3
1− e Wei
(We )n =
Wei
 pa( ) n −1
( )  1 − exp − JpWt
− pr n
i n 

pi   ei 
(We )n =
211.9  10 6
2740
 pa ( ) n −1
( )  (0.4229)
− pr n
(We )n = 32705  ( p a )n−1 − ( p r )n 
(We )n (We )
(p ) r n (p ) a n −1 (p ) a n −1 − pr ( )
n

•
•

•
•
•
•
•
Time
Time

•
•
•
•

iw
Pinj 
hk

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•





•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
φ
(3-3)
So

S oi − S o
ED =
S oi
− −
S o = 1− S w
S w − S wi − S gi
ED =
1 − S wi − S gi
Sw
S w − S wi
ED =
1 − S wi

S w − S wi
ED =
1 − S wi

V p (S oi − S or ) S oi − S or
ED = =
V p S oi S oi
S oi − S o
ED =
S oi
So
S oi − S or
ED =
S oi

S oi − S o
ED =
S oi
(x ) W xf
EA = =
f
L W L

(x ) W LW
EA = = =1
f
L W LW


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Reservoir Engineering II 2021/2022 Academic Year

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 1

− c p  pref = InV Vref

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 2

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Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 24

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 25

(9.4 + 0.02M a )T 1.5

X = 2.4 − 0.2(5.35) = 1.33

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 26

T pc = 168 + 325 g − 12 .5 g2 p pc = 677 + 15 g − 37 .5 g2

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 27

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Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 41

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 42

E i (x ) = a1 + a 2 In(x ) + a 3 In(x ) + a 4 In(x ) + a 5 x + a 6 x 2 + a 7 x 3 +

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 43

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Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 53

 70.6Qo 2  o Bo   − 948ct r12   70.6Qo3  o Bo   − 948ct r22 

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 54

 70.6Qo 2  o Bo   − 948ct r12 

 70.6Qo 3  o Bo   − 948ct r22 

Compiled by Dr Harrison Osei Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa Page 55