Chemistry for Engineers 1

The Study of Change

MPS Department  FEU Institute of Technology
 OBJECTIVES

∎ Define Chemistry, matter, and energy.

∎ Determine the classification, transformation, properties, changes, and
phases of matter.
∎ Identify the different forms of energy.
∎ Illustrate the different classification, transformation, properties, changes,
and phases of matter.
 Chemistry for Engineers 1

Introduction to
Chemistry
MPS Department  FEU Institute of Technology
Chemistry – deals with the study of matter which
includes
˃ Properties of Matter
˃ Composition (Content) and
Structure (Arrangement)
˃ Changes it Undergoes https://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/

˃ Energy Involved in any Transformation of Matter

 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Organic Chemistry
˃ involves the scientific study of the structure,
properties, and reactions of organic compounds
and organic materials.
• “science of carbon”
Examples

https://www.d.umn.edu/~psiders/courses/chem1103/2016s/psets/pset5.html
 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Inorganic Chemistry
˃ Study of all other compounds but Carbon.
Examples

https://www.expii.com/t/organic-vs-inorganic-molecules-definition-overview-10340
 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Analytical Chemistry
˃ Branch of Chemistry that is concerned with
the detection or identification of substance
present in a sample.

https://www.123rf.com/photo_46367129_stock-vector-chemical-banner-background-
cover-analytical-chemistry-flat-design-vector-illustration.html
 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Physical Chemistry
˃ Applies the mathematical theories and methods of
physics to the properties of matter and to the study of
chemical processes and methods of physics.

https://www.amazon.com/Experiments-
Physical-Chemistry-Eighth-
BYGarland/dp/B004TY3X2U
 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Biochemistry
˃ Study of the Chemistry of processes in living
organisms.

http://hartwellsbiology.blogspot.com/2015/09/september-18th-carbohydrates-lipids-and.html
 BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
• Industrial Chemistry
– deals with the study of chemical processes applied in the
industrial manufacture of substances.

https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/company/corporate-structure/plant-technology
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-full-form-of-chemistry
 IMPORTANT USES OF CHEMISTRY
A. Industry depends on Chemistry.
1. Industrial Materials

paints Iron or steel gasoline plastics glass fabrics

2.Farmers use fertilizers and insecticides

3. Chemical Laboratories

medicines Food preservatives Instant food preparations

 IMPORTANT USES OF CHEMISTRY
B. Many professions and Occupations need some knowledge of
Chemistry.
1. Farmers – chemistry of fertilizers
2. Salesman – knowledge in composition and properties of the product
3. Mothers – content of food or detergent
4. Architect/Engineers – choose the best construction materials
5. Lawyer - effectively argue in court if he knows a paraffin test
6. Medical Experts – understanding of man’s ailment and drugs
to be used to cure such ailment
- vitamins/vaccines are being discovered
 IMPORTANT USES OF CHEMISTRY
C. The application of theories in Chemistry produces
new and better materials.
1. Housewives use paper bags/ plastic bags.
2. Use of lighter
3. juices packed in non breakable, handy
and light aluminum/plastic containers
4. effective medicines, biodegradable
pesticides and better ways of preserving
foods.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10918559/
 STATE OF
STATES OF MATTER
MOLECULAR MOLECULAR
DISTANCE ATTRACTIVE
MATTER ARRANGEMENT MOTION
PROPERTIES FORCES
SHAPE VOL

SOLID Definite Definite fixed closely very slow strong

position packed and vibratory

LIQUID Not Definite no fixed relatively molecules relatively

Definite
position close can move strong
about the
liquid
GAS Not Not fill up all far apart very fast and weak
Definite Definite
available from each in all
spaces other direction
Plasma – actually a gas at a very high temperature that
contains electrical current.
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1. Physical Properties – properties that can be
observed without changing the composition of
the substance.
Examples:
Physical Dimensions, Ductility, Malleability,
Elasticity, Density, Temperature
https://www.thoughtco.com/intensive-vs-extensive-properties-604133
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
2. Chemical Properties – can only be determined
during a change in
composition.
Examples:
Corrosion, Flammability, Decomposition
https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-properties-of-matter-608337
TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER

https://www.123rf.com/photo_63923655_stock-vector-types-of-phase-
transition-phase-or-state-of-matter-and-phase-transition.html
 TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER
1. Freezing (solidification) – liquid to solid
2. Melting (liquefaction) – solid to liquid
3. Sublimation – solid to gas without passing the liquid
state (ex: dry ice, naphthalene balls)
4. Deposition – gas to solid
5. Boiling (Vaporization)- liquid to gas at moderate
temperature
6. Evaporation – liquid to gas at a very high temperature
7. Condensation – gas to liquid at a very low
temperature
 CHANGES IN MATTER
1. Physical Change – change in phase but no
change in composition.
Examples
a. Vaporization e. Sublimation
b. Distillation f. Sedimentation
c. Gas Absorption g. Drying
d. Crystallization
http://selftution.com/difference-between-physical-and-chemical-change-with-example/
 CHANGES IN MATTER
2. Chemical Change – Change in Composition
thus there is a chemical reaction.
Examples
a. Burning
b. Fermentation
c. Digestion
http://steamism.com/what-are-chemical-reactions-and-signs-of-a-chemical-change/
 MATTER

https://www.tes.com/lessons/mDv6t5ZJD8X38A/sci9-understanding-matter
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
I. PURE SUBSTANCE– a particular kind of matter that
has a uniform and definite composition.
A. ELEMENTS – cannot be broken down by any
ordinary chemical means.
- represented by chemical symbols
B. COMPOUNDS – formed when 2 or more
different elements combine in definite proportions.
ex: water, sugar, chalk, table salt, muriatic acid
II. MIXTURE – combination of two or more substances.
KINDS OF MIXTURE
A. Homogeneous Mixture – single phase/one phase
ex: juice, sea water, alcohol and water
B. Heterogeneous Mixture – the particles or
substance can still be identified.
ex: salad, salt and sand, oil and water
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
There is no observable change in the quantity of
matter during a chemical reaction or during a
physical change.

https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/m
agnesium-ribbon-burning-in-a-bunsen-flame-
stock-video-footage/137187404
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction or in a physical change. It can
only be converted from one form to another.

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/880878083404464130
https://www.flickr.com/photos/robwallace/2847334531
https://www.online-sciences.com/tag/simple-electric-cell/
https://www.tes.com/lessons/J13ClcGg5XLXGg/work-energy-and-power-as
 TYPES OF ENERGY
• Potential Energy – based on position,
composition and structure.
𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

• Kinetic Energy – based on motion of body and

particles.
𝐾. 𝐸. = ½ 𝑚𝒗𝟐

• 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸
 HEAT/ENERGY TRANSFER
1. Endothermic Process - Energy is absorbed.

2. Exothermic Process – Energy is released.

 LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
• States that a pure compound will always
have the same elements combined in the
same proportion by mass.

https://www.sutori.com/story/develop
ment-of-the-atomic-theory-timeline--
fyzHEmPwd44kkAr9RP9VNJwU
 EXAMPLE

https://www.makethebrainhappy.com/2017/07/law-of-definite-
proportions-vs-law-of-multiple-proportions.html
 LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
• States that when two elements combine to
form more than one compound the element
whose mass varies combines with a fixed
mass of the second element weights in a
sample whole no. ratio.

https://www.makethebrainhappy.com/2017/07/law-of-definite-
proportions-vs-law-of-multiple-proportions.html
THANK YOU…
GOD BLESS…
 REFERENCES
Lawrence S. Brown and Thomas A. Holme (2018), Chemistry for
Engineering Students : Cengage Learning
Roxy Wilson (2018), Solutions to Red Exercises: Chemistry: The
Central Science : United Kingdom: Pearson
Theodore E. Brown, et. al.(2018), Chemistry: The Central Science
(14th Edition) : United Kingdom: Pearson

https://www.slideshare.net/pavelhasan0007/branches-of-
chemistry-55333800
https://www.slideshare.net/jwlpatterson/matter-and-energy-ppt
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book
%3A_The_Basics_of_GOB_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/01%3A_Chemistry%
2C_Matter%2C_and_Measurement