Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 8
Explain the Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
Based on Particulate Nature of Matter

Quarter 3 Week 1 and 2

Learning Competency:
Explain the Properties of Solids. Liquids and Gases Based on Particulate
Nature of Matter. (S8MT-IIIa-b-8)

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 Writers:
Anjie R. Romero
Irene C. Ocillos

HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully the instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL

 Expectations - This will provide what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.
 Pre-test - This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure the skills that you learned understand from
the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop your critical thinking and other
competencies that you need to master. This can be done solely or with your partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - This will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire SLeM.

EXPECTATIONS
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to

 Explain the Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases Based on Particulate Nature of
Matter (S8MT-llla-b-8)

PRETEST

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Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper
provided.
1. What best describe particles in a liquid?
A. More freely moving than a gas.
B. Less freely moving than solid.
C. More freely moving than a solid.
D. Completely unmoving.

2. What state of matter has definite shape and volume?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Matter

3. These properties best describe for Gas state of matter.

A. Definite shape and indefinite volume
B. Indefinite shape and volume
C. Definite shape and volume
D. Have a strong intermolecular interaction strength

4. Which of the following is not a physical state of matter?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Vacuum

5. Which of the following state of matter is sometimes invisible?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Matter

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The three states of matter are the three distinct physical forms that matter can
take in most environments: solid, liquid, and gas. In extreme environments,
other states may be present, such as plasma, Bose-Einstein condensates, and
neutron stars. Further states, such as quark-gluon plasmas, are also believed
to be possible. Much of the atomic matter of the universe is hot plasma in the
form of rarefied interstellar medium and dense stars.
Historically, the states of matter were distinguished based on qualitative
differences in their bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter
maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter adapts
to the shape of its container but varies only slightly in volume; and gas is the
state in which matter expands to occupy the volume and shape of its container.
Each of these three classical states of matter can transition directly into either
of the other two classical states.

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Particle Model of the Three States of Matter
Solids
A solid’s particles are packed closely together. The forces between the particles
are strong enough that the particles cannot move freely; they can only vibrate.
As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape and a definite volume. Solids
can only change shape under force, as when broken or cut.
In crystalline solids, particles are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating
pattern. There are many different crystal structures, and the same substance
can have more than one structure. For example, iron has a body-centered
cubic structure at temperatures below 912 °C and a face-centered cubic
structure between 912 and 1394 °C. Ice has fifteen known crystal structures,
each of which exists at a different temperature and pressure.
A solid can transform into a liquid through melting, and a liquid can transform
into a solid through freezing. A solid can also change directly into a gas
through a process called sublimation.

The Particle view of Solid

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+particle+view+of+solid

What are the properties of Solids?

1) A solid has a definite shape and volume.
2) Solids in general have higher density.
3) In solids, intermolecular forces are strong.
4) Diffusion of a solid into another solid is extremely slow.
5) Solids have high melting points.

Liquid

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A liquid is a fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but that retains a
nearly constant volume independent of pressure. The volume is definite (does
not change) if the temperature and pressure are constant. When a solid is
heated above its melting point, it becomes liquid because the pressure is higher
than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular (or interatomic or
interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules have enough energy to
move around, which makes the structure mobile. This means that a liquid is
not definite in shape but rather conforms to the shape of its container. Its
volume is usually greater than that of its corresponding solid (water is a well-
known exception to this rule). The highest temperature at which a particular
liquid can exist is called its critical temperature.

A liquid can be converted to a gas through heating at constant pressure to the

substance’s boiling point or through reduction of pressure at constant
temperature. This process of a liquid changing to a gas is called evaporation.

The Particle view of Liquid

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+particle+view+of+liquid

What are the properties of Liquid?

1. Liquid has a variable shape but a fixed volume
2. Usually flow readily
3. Do not compress or respond significantly
4. Have high density compared to gases
5. Liquid that are soluble mixed homogeneously

Gas
In gases the particle move at random directions very quickly and travel in
straight line paths. In the process they collide with one another and with the
walls of the container. They change direction only when they rebound from the
collisions. The distance between particles is large compared to the size of the
particles. The attraction between particle is negligible because of the large

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distance between them. This explains why a gas spread. Its particles fill all the
available space in the container.

The particle view of a gas

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+particle+view+of+a+gas

What are the properties of Gases?

1. Gases have an indefinite shape.
2. Gases can expand.
3. Gases can compress.
4. Gases have low density.
5. Gases diffuse uniformly throughout their containers to form homogeneous
mixtures.

Gases take the shape of the container because the particles are ale to move freely to all parts of
the container. They move freely because they are far apart and there is negligible

Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas

Shape definite indefinite indefinite
Volume definite definite indefinite
Relative intermolecular strong moderate weak
interaction strength
Relative particle positions in contact in contact but not not in contact,
and fixed in fixed random positios
place
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introductory_Chemistry/12%3A_Liquids%2C_Solids%2C_and_Intermolecular_Forces/12.02%3A_Properties_of_Liquids_and_Solids

Activity 1.1

Introduction
Gases, liquids and solids differ in their bulk physical properties and these
differences are important when considering how we use and manipulate them.

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The atom viewer has been developed to help us to understand fully the physical
properties of the three states of matter.

Task 1: The properties of gases, liquids and solids

1. Observe the illustrations above.

2. The beakers contain a solid, a liquid and a gas. To see how the
molecules are arranged for each of these states, click on the atom
viewer that appears in the toolbar to the right of each of the beakers.

3. Now complete the table of properties below using the following list of
phrases: Almost impossible to compress, Same volume as
container, Fixed volume, Fixed shape, Small amount on heating, Rapid
diffusion, Very low density, Considerable amount on heating, Shape
same as all of container, Very high density, Very easily flows, Doesn't
flow, Readily compressed, No diffusion.

Property Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Shape same as part

of container

Density Quite high density

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 Volume Fixed volume

Ease of flow Flows easily

Expansion on Moderate amount on

heating heating

Ease of Slightly
compression compressible

Diffusion Slow

4. Look at the model again and and consider the spacing, movement and
arrangement of particles in the gas, liquid and solid.

5. Complete the table of properties below from the following list of

phrases: Far apart, Strong attraction, Restricted but free random
movement, Regular rows, Vibrate without moving around, Quite close
together, Almost no attraction, Completely randomised, Very close
together, Some clumps but most jumbled at random, Unrestricted random
rapid movement, Weak attraction.

Particle Solid Liquid Gas

Property

Spacing

Movement

Arrangement

Attractive force

Source:https://www.yenka.com/activities/Comparing_Gases,_Liquids_and_Solids_-
_Activity/

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 REMEMBER

 Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas.
 Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. A solid will retain its shape;
the particles are not free to move around.
 Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. It will take the shape of
its container. Particles can move about within a liquid, but they are packed
densely enough that volume is maintained.
 Gaseous matter is composed of particles packed so loosely that it has neither a
defined shape nor a defined volume. A gas can be compressed.
 Solid: Particles neatly and tightly packed in regular rows, particles can only
vibrate without moving around and particle-particle attraction forces are strong.
 Liquid: Particles are close together with a little free space, free to move around
locally, all jumbled up and weak to moderately strong particle-particle attractive
forces.
 Gas: Particles are randomised and far apart, moving rapidly at random in all
directions and almost no particle-particle forces of attraction.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1.All of the following are phases (states) of matter EXCEPT:
A solid B liquid C gas D putty

2. This matter has a fixed shape and volume with particles closely packed
together with little movement. It is a:
A liquid B solid C gas D plasma

3. A substance that is a liquid is ____________.

A. crystal B. ice C. steam D. water

4. Which of the following is NOT a property of Solid?

A. It has a definite shape and volume.
B Solids in general have higher density.
C. Intermolecular forces are strong.
D. Solid have an indefinite shape.

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5. Which of the following is NOT a property of Gas?
A. Gases have an indefinite shape.
B. Gases can expand.
C. Gases can compress
D. Gases has a definite shape and volume

POST-TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer (with more than one option)

1.Water exists in how many forms?

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Plasma

2. What are the things that have fixed shape.

A. Pen B. Pencil C. Eraser D. Coconut

3. Tick the substances that easily take the shape of the container they are
poured in.
A. Water B. Oil C. Milk D. Pen

4. Mark the gases.

A. Oxygen B. Water vapour C. Steam D. Milk

5. Mark the solid.

A. Chair B. Key C. Table D. Oygen

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Answer Key

Pre-Test CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. B 1.D
2. A 2.B
3. B 3.D
4. D
4.D
5. C
5.D

POST TEST
1.A,B,C
2.A,B,C
3.A,B,C
4.A,B,C
5.A,B,C

References:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/three-states-of-matter/#:~:text=A%20solid
%20will%20retain%20its,the%20shape%20of%20its%20container.&text=Gaseous%20matter%20is
%20composed%20of,shape%20nor%20a%20defined%20volume.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_Marin/CHEM_114%3A_Introductory_Chemistry/
12%3A_Liquids%2C_Solids%2C_and_Intermolecular_Forces/
12.02%3A_Properties_of_Liquids_and_Solids

https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-the-properties-of-solids

Comparing Gases, Liquids and Solids - Activity (yenka.com)

Properties of solid liquid and gas worksheets for class 3 (learnersplanet.com)

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 Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

Chief Education Supervisor: Aida M. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Rebecca M. Roxas
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C. Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/s/Validator: Merlie Gerlie V. Capiral

Writer/s: Anjie R. Romero, Irene C. Ocillos

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