DE LA SALLE

UNIVERSITY-

Chemistry
DASMARIÑAS
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL

Term 2
Miss Rachelle S.
Roberto
Subject Teacher:
Miss Rachelle S. Roberto
9 years in teaching Science
Bachelor of Secondary
Education Major in Biology
Units in Special Education
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Science Teaching
 Lessons To Be Covered
Chapter 2:
Chapter 1: Properties of Matter
Atoms ad Compounds Chapter 3:
and its Various Forms
Stoichiometry and Chemical
Reactions

Chapter 4:
GASES Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 5:
Chapter 7&8: Organic
Quantum Numbers & Electronic
Chemistry
Configuration
 Play “Food for Thought”
This game is similar to “I’m going on a picnic and I’m
bringing…” Students will say their name and a food item
they enjoy that also starts with the same first letter as their
name. For example, Julie may say, “My name is Julie and I
like jam.” The next student will repeat all examples before
their turn and then add on their own food for thought. The
last person in the class will need to recall every person’s
name and their food item.
 DE LA SALLE
UNIVERSITY-

CHAPTER 1
DASMARIÑAS
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL

Matter
Lecture and
Activity
 Lessons To Be Covered
Understanding the Differentiating physical
particulate nature of and chemical properties Methods of separating
matter mixtures into their
component substances

Learning the states of matter

in its macroscopic and Ways of classifying
Extensive and Intensive
microscopic view matter and particle
properties
diagram
 Matter
Properties and
Classifications
 Anything that has mass and
volume
Matter MASS is the amount of matter present
in an object

VOLUME is the space that it occupies

 to further understand…

5
 MATTER AND ENERGY
Energy of matter is responsible for all the
transformation that it undergoes.

(Heat energy)
(Liquid
[Solid Water (Ice)]
Water)
 CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER
Source or State or Composition
origin phase
Classifications of Matter
Matter (Can be classified according to)

Source or
State or phase Composition
origin
Organic Solid
Matter Pure Substance Mixtures
(comes from living things) Liquid

Inorganic Gas Elements and Heterogeneous and

Matter Bose-Einstein
Compound Homogeneous
(comes from Condensate
non- living things)
Plasma
 THE THREE
MAIN STATE
OF MATTER
 Matter can be detected using our senses—
sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.
 The three main states or phases of matter
are solid, liquid, and gas.
In this discussion, we are going to compare solid,
liquid, and gas in terms of the following:
 Shape
 Volume
 Structure (arrangement of particles)
 Degree of expansion when heated
 density
 SHAPE AND
Solid
VOLUME
State of Matter SHAPE VOLUME

Definite Definite
Liquid

Indefinite Definite

Gas

Indefinite Indefinite
 Structure
State of Matter Structure (arrangement of particles)
Solid
• Particles are tightly packed together (very compressed)
• Due to high compression, particles vibrate in a fixed
position, but they cannot move around or slide past each
other

Liquid • Particles are in close contact to each other, but not as a

close as the particles in solid. The arrangement of
particles is not rigid and orderly.
• Particles can slide past each other allowing the liquid
to move freely inside the container
Gas
• Unlike liquids, particles in gases are well separated
with no regular arrangement. They move freely at
high speeds; therefore, a gas can expand to fill any
volume.
• Gases are easily compressed into a smaller volume
Degree of expansion when heated and Density
State of Matter Degree of Expansion when Density
heated
Solid
Slight Expansion High

Liquid
Slight Expansion Medium
Gas
High/ Great Low
Expansion
 EXAMPLES OF
SOLIDS

cup shirt book eraser

 EXAMPLES OF
LIQUIDS

maple syrup shampoo olive oil orange juice

 EXAMPLES OF
GASES

helium in a steam from argon in a nitrogen in

balloon a kettle tank a tank
 Now that you know the differences of the main states of matter, you have to
recognize that matter can exist in different phases

Can matter change its phase from one phase to

another?
One of the most common changes in matter is the change
in the state which is brought about by absorbing or
releasing an amount of energy.
The changes between the three major state of matter
(solid, liquid and gas) is also known as phase change.

THE ANSWER IS YES

 Let’s look at this diagram!

change from one state to another caused by

Phase Change release or absorption of energy

Exothermic Change Endothermic Change

(Energy is released) (Energy is absorbed)

Freezing (liquid-solid) Melting (solid- liquid)

 
Condensation Evaporation
(gas- liquid) (liquid- gas)
 
Deposition (gas- solid) Sublimation (solid-gas)
 to further understand…
SOLID

DE
NG

PO
SU
ZI

NG
EE

SI
BL N

TI
FR

IM
TI

ON
EL

AT
M

IO
LIQUI
EVAPORATION
D GAS
CONDENSATIO
N
 But did you know that there
Everyone of you are other states of matter
might be aware that exist in very distinct
of these three conditions? Anyone who can
common states guess?
of matter which
we see in our
everyday life.
THE Fourth and Fifth
STATE
OF MATTER
PLASMA
The fourth state of matter Extremely high
temperature

• In short, plasma are ionized gases

• Plasma are like gases. The only difference
KINETIC ENERGY
is that the particles of plasma are
IS HIGHER
electrically
Gas particles will be charged
Collision of gas particles
GAS
ionized

PLASM
A
You might already know that protons, electrons, and neutrons are
the sub-atomic particles.

Bosons are the focus of the fifth state of

But inside an atom, there are particles smaller than the
matter.
sub-atomic particles, and we call them fundamental
elementary particles
Our scientists have identified 10 fundamental
elementary particles, and one of those is the
Boson
Bose- Einstein Condensate
The fifth state of matter
It is a state of matter in which a cloud of bosons (a
type of elementary particle of matter) is cooled to
temperatures very close to absolute zero (T=0 K).

Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons

condense or fall into the lowest quantum state.

At absolute zero temperature, the particles stop moving, therefore

nothing can be colder than this temperature
Classification of
Matter
According to
Composition
 Let’s look at this diagram
Matter can be classified into

Pure
Mixture
Substance
a combination of two or more
has only one component, and substances that are physically
unchanging or specific composition. combined
Element Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous

is the simplest form of is composed of two or more have non-uniform have uniform composition
matter that is composed elements combined composition and properties
properties and the particles are
of only one kind of atom chemically in definite Na +
+ Cl -
 NaClwell mixed or thoroughly
proportions. mingled.
CHEMICAL BOND
Try this!
Let's classify the following matter according to source, state, and
composition. Get a piece of paper, you have 5 minutes to answer.
Classification according to
MATTER ORIGIN/ SOURCE STATE/ PHASE COMPOSITION

Water (H20) Pure Substance

Inorganic Liquid (Compound)

Pure Substance
Glucose (C6H12O6) from
plants
Organic Solid (Compound)

Rock Pebbles Mixture

Inorganic Solid (Heterogeneous)
 After knowing the classifications of matter based on state, and
composition, you have to recognize that matter can undergo
changes.

Physical Changes Chemical Changes

►a change that occurs • a change that occurs that
without ___________
causes the identity
__ of a
changing the substance to change;
of identity
the substance. something new is formed.
►____ new substances are • New substances with new
formed.
No properties are formed
Examples of Physical Changes

 Change in size, shape, or color

 Pencil shavings
 Torn Paper
 Crushed ice
 Sugar dissolved in water
 Painting a wall
 Evidence of Chemical Change

color
•New ________appears •_____
Heat is produced
fizzing
•Bubbles or ________ •______
Light is produced
•Precipitate forms (____
solid material) Sound is given off
•______

reverse
•Difficult or impossible to __________
Examples of Chemical
Changes
 Wood burning
 Metal rusting
 Food digesting
 Gasoline burning
 Cake baking
Properties of
Matter
Physical and
Chemical
Property If struck by lighting,
the tree could catch
FIRE (BURN)
• Is a description of
an object
• The properties of
matter include any
traits that can be
observed or
measured
The tree is
TALL
The tree is
GREEN
Physical Properties
► Are determined by the use of the five senses .
► A trait of matter that can be observed or measured
without
___________ changing the chemical composition of
the matter.
Examples of Physical Properties
Color

Smell

Taste

Hardness
State of Matter

Boiling, Freezing, or Melting Point

Examples of Physical Properties
Density

Mass

Volume

Malleability (the ability to be molded)

Solubility (the ability to be dissolved)

 Chemical Properties
• Are determined
by a
substance’sreact
ability to ____ _
with other
substances.
Chemical Properties are characteristics of matter
that can be observed with an accompanying change in the
chemical composition of a substance.
 Combustibility- Does the material burn? Does it support combustion?
 Stability-Does the substance decompose easily or with difficulty?
 Relative Activity- Is the material more or less active than other members of its
chemical family?
 Response to test reactions- Does it react with test substances like litmus paper?
 Ionization- To what degree does it break into charged particles called ions when
in solution with water.
 Let’s compare!
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
When and
Water expose directlyare
alcohol to flame, alcohol will
both colorless
burn and water wont.
Water is odorless but alcohol has
When blue or red litmussmell.
strong paper is put in the water, no
change will happen, indicating that the water can
Water and alcohol in that beaker
either act as an acid or a base both
measure less than 100 mL
When red litmus paper is put in the alcohol, it will
slightly turn to blue indicating that alcohol is slightly
Color, odor, and volume are all physical properties because these
basic.by just observing or measuring
three properties can be described
Water Alcohol
Flammability, and acidity/basicity are both chemical properties
because these two properties can be observed only when the
matter reacts with other substance
 All measurable properties of matter fall into
one of two additional categories:

Extensive Intensive
properties properties
properties that depend on how much properties that do not depend on
matter (amount of matter) is being how much matter is being
considered. considered.

these properties will change if the these properties will not change even if
amount of matter changes the amount of matter changes

Examples are mass, volume, length, Examples are boiling point and freezing point
 Let’s examine the volume and boiling point of
water inside this graduated cylinder

REMEMBER!
30 mL

Therefore, volume is an extensive property

15 mL
because the volume of the water changed
when more water is added to the graduated
Only extensive properties are affected when you increase
cylinder.
the amount of matter being considered.
However, boiling point is an intensive
Intensive properties will not change/ property
will remain
because itthe same
did not change when
more water is added to the graduated
no matter how much matter is being added.
cylinder.

In this example, the volume of In this example, the volume of

water in the graduated the water changed and become
cylinder is 15 mL, and the 30 mL, but the boiling point is
boiling point is 100 oC. still 100 oC.
 Properties of Matter
Let’s summarize!
No Are these properties determined Yes
without changing the identity of the
substance?

Chemical Properties Physical Properties

How does the substance No Yes

Does the property depend
reaction to the presence of on amount of substance?
 
Air
Acid
Base Intensive Physical Property Extensive Physical Property
 
Water  
Color
Other chemicals Melting point Mass
Boiling point Volume
Melting point Length
Density Shape
 Learning checklist
✔
• What is Chemistry?
• What is matter? ✔
• What are the classifications of matter based on
✔
origin, state, and composition
• Properties of matter
✔
 Let’s go back to pure substances and
mixtures

It was discussed in the previous sections

that unlike pure substances, mixture can
be separated through physical means.
Separating
Mixtures
 Magnetic Separation
Magnets may be used
to separate solids
with magnetic
property such as iron
filling from the non-
magnetic of mixture
like sulfur.
 Filtration

A separating technique
that takes advantage of
the physical property of
the state of matter. A
screen lets the liquid
particles through but
traps the solid particles.
 Decantation
A process of separating a
solid from a liquid. It is
done by pouring off the
liquid, leaving the solid
behind. Separation of a
mixture of oil from water
is an example of
decantation.
 Distillation
A separating of a mixture of
liquids based on the physical
property of boiling point.
Distillation is a process of
boiling a liquid and condensing
and collecting the vapor. The
liquid collected is the distillate.
Evaporation
A technique which
involves the application
of heat to the solution to
allow the solvent to
evaporate leaving
behind the solid
component as a residue.
Centrifugation
A process of separating
mixtures by applying
centripetal force to a mixture
using a centrifuge machine.
Circular motion helps denser
components sink to the
bottom faster.
 Crystallization

• A method to separate a soluble solid from its

solution based on the different solubility of
solid in water at 25 degree Celsius.
• Generally, the solubility of most of solids
increases as the temperature increases.
• Therefore, when a so-called saturated
solution is cooled, the solubility of the solid
substances will decrease, and the excess
solid will crystallize.
Chromatography
A process utilizing the strategy
that lets the mixture flow over a
material that retains some
component more so different
components flow over the
material at different speeds. It
has two components; the mobile
phase and the stationary phase.
 BOARD Game
DIRECTIONS:
1.Let us divide the class into 5 groups.
2.Each group should have a whiteboard, marker
and eraser.
3.We will have a review game about Chapter 1.
4.Each question have a 45 seconds time limit.
5.Once the timer is off, boards up.
Physical or Chemical Change?

Water evaporates
from the ocean.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•The yolk of an egg,

which contains sulfur,
causes tarnish to form
on silver.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•The ice on a lake melts

to become water in the
lake.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•Charcoal in a fire
turns to ash after
several hours.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•A pencil is sharpened in a
pencil sharpener, leaving
behind shavings.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•A battery makes
electricity to turn on a
flashlight.
Physical or Chemical Change?
•A bicycle rusts when left in the rain.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•A shirt is accidentally
torn in the washing
machine.
Physical or Chemical Change?

•A log is split in
two by an axe.
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?

Jelly Beans
 Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar

O 6

C6H 2
1
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
 Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt

Cl
Na
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Water

H2O