Particle Nature of

Matter
With Teacher Maricel

Let's learn
with fun
together!
 Lesson 1: Phases of Matter

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. describe the three common phases of matter;

2. explain the different properties of solids and
fluids
3. explain phase changes and the energy involved
in the process.
 Rules
Prepare This Before Class No chatting

Raise your hand

Notebook & Pen
before you ask

Science Book Recite when called

to answer a
question.
Ice Breaker!
Before we start our lesson, let’s have a
simple ice breaker!
1.Interlock your fingers and stretch
your arms forward.
2. Interlock your fingers and stretch
your arms upward.
3. Stretch your arms sidewards as if
pushing a wall on both sides.
 Refresher Quiz

Answer this refresher to check your prior

knowledge about our lesson.
 Refresher Quiz #2

It is the ratio of mass per unit volume.

 Refresher Quiz #3

It is the force of attraction between identical

molecules.
 Refresher Quiz #4

It is the ability of a liquid to flow.

 Refresher Quiz #5

It is the state of matter with a hot ionized gas that

allows both the positive charged ion and a negative
charged electron to coexist.
 Refresher Quiz #1

It is a large particle formed by the

combination of two or more atoms.

MOLECULE
 Refresher Quiz #2

It is the ratio of mass per unit volume.

DENSITY
 Refresher Quiz #3

It is the force of attraction between identical

molecules.

INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
 Refresher Quiz #4

It is the ability of a liquid to flow.

FLUIDITY
 Refresher Quiz #5

It is the state of matter with a hot ionized gas that

allows both the positive charged ion and a negative
charged electron to coexist.
PLASMA
 Concept & Definition
Everything is made up of matters that
move in different ways, including the air
we breathe, the clothes we wear, the books
we read, or the food we eat. There are
three states of matter -solid, liquid, gas,
that can change due to internal and
external factors.
 MATTER
Anything that takes up space and has mass.

SPACE MASS VOLUME

Area occupied by Measure of the Three-dimensional
any possible amount of matter space that is occupied
in an object. by an object.
molecules.
 DENSITY
It is the ratio of mass per unit volume.
Examples &
Illustrations
These examples and
illustrations show you
the differences of the
states of matter.
✔ SOLID
✔ LIQUID
✔ GAS
✔ PLASMA
Solid matter is composed of
tightly packed particles.
Let's
Liquid matter has more Discuss
loosely packed particles. and
Gas matter is composed of
Analyze
particles packed so loose.
Plasma is a superheated matter to
the point that electrons are ripped
away from the atoms forming ionized
gas.
 MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENT
OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

❖ Ordered in fix ❖ disordered where ❖ disordered where
position
particles are free to move particles move freely
❖ Particles are somewhat in empty space
❖ Particles are
close ❖ Particles are far apart
very close
 APPEARANCE AND
FLUIDITY
SOLID LIQUID GAS
❖ Hard ❖ Flows easily ❖ Flows easily
❖ Rigid
❖ Does not flow
 VOLUME OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

❖ Fixed volume ❖ Definite volume ❖ No fixed volume
and shape ❖ Assumes the shape of ❖ Assumes the
its container volume and shape
of its container
 COMPRESSIBILITY
OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
❖ Not easily ❖ Not easily ❖ Easily compressible
compressible compressible
 ENTHALPY OF MATTER
Ability to diffuse

SOLID LIQUID GAS

❖ Extremely slow ❖ Slow rate of diffusion ❖ Fast rate of
rate of diffusion diffusion
 Concept
The above-mentioned
descriptions of matter has
something to do with the forces
acting on its atoms as stated in
the KINETIC MOLECULAR
THEORY.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

1. All matter is made up of tiny

particles called atom.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

2. Particles are in constant,

random motion.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

3. Particles in motion have

kinetic energy.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

4. There is a transfer of
energy between particles as
these particles collide.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

5. Collision between particles

are perfectly elastic.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

6. Molecular motion is greater

in gases, less in liquids and
least in solids.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF MATTER

There are two kinds of forces,

or attractions, that operate in
a molecule— intramolecular
and intermolecular.
 Intramolecular Forces

the forces that

holds atoms
together within
a molecule.
 Intermolecular Forces

are forces that

exist between
molecules.
 Concept
Depending on the amount of heat and
pressure applied, matter undergoes
either physical or chemical changes. It
also undergoes phase change – a
physical change that changes only
the state of a substance but not its
identity.
 PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
❖ Observed physically about the ❖ Observed when the substance
substance at its natural state. chemically changes into an
❖ Can be intensive or extensive entirely new substance during
chemical change
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
❖ Do not depend on the amount of ❖ Depend on quantity of matter.
matter that the substance has. ❖ Mass, volume, length, shape,
❖ Color, taste, boiling point, energy, energy and enthalpy
freezing point, density,
hardness, luster
 CHANGES OF MATTER

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
❖ Process in which only the phase ❖ Process in which chemical reaction
of the substance changes not occurs.
the identity. ❖ Change in color, evolution of gas,
color detection, production of heat and
❖ Phase Changes
light, formation of precipitate
 Concept
Phase change is a physical
change that changes only
the state of a substance but
not its identity.
 Concept
Chemical reaction is a
process wherein the
reactants or initial
substance form into new
products or substance.
 Worksheet

How well did you

understand today's 1. Which one do you think
lesson? Can you around you that has
answer the following solid matter?
simple questions?
2. Can you find liquid
matters in your home?

3. Can you feel gas

matters around you?
 Lesson : Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. define and differentiate elements, compounds

and mixtures
2. give examples of of elements, compounds and
mixtures
 Refresher Quiz

Tell whether the following substance is

element, compound or mixture.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Element, Compound or Mixture?
Mixture
ELEMENT
MIXTURE
COMPOUND
MIXTURE
 PURE
Elements Atoms
SUBSTANCES
A sample of matter
that has definite
Notebook & Pen chemical and
Compounds physical
Molecules properties.
Science Book
 ELEMENTS
pure substance that
cannot be separated
into simpler
Notebook & Pen
substances by
physical or chemical
Science Book means. Made of only
1 type of particle
Ex: copper wire only
has copper atoms
 ELEMENTS
• Each has a unique
set of properties

Notebook & Pen • Classified by their

properties

Elements
Science Book ⮚ Metals
Metals Metalloids ⮚ Nonmetals
Nonmetals ⮚ Metalloids
 ELEMENTS

METAL NON METAL METALLOID

❖Shiny ❖ Dull (no shine) ❖ Characteristics of
❖Good conductors ❖ Poor conductors metals and
❖Malleable nonmetals
❖ At room temp, only a few
❖Ductile
❖Ex: gold, silver, are solids that are brittle ❖ Semiconductors
copper ❖ Most are gases ❖ Ex: silicon,
❖ Ex: hydrogen, oxygen, germanium
 COMPOUNDS
H2O • Pure substance
composed of two or
more different
elements joined by
NaCl
Notebook & Pen
chemical bonds in a
specific ratio that is
always the same

O
C 2
• Can only be separated
by chemical means,
not physically
 MIXTURES
• A combination of two
or more pure
substances that are
not chemically
combined.
• Substances held
together by physical
forces, not chemical
• No chemical change
takes place
 MIXTURES

• Each item
retains its
properties in
the mixture.
 MIXTURES
• They can be
separated
physically

⮚ Distillation
⮚ Magnet
⮚ Centrifuge
⮚ Filtration
⮚ Evaporation
 TYPES OF MIXTURES
HETEROGENOUS
❖ mixtures - substances that are not
distributed evenly throughout the mixture;
you can see the different parts. Can be a
colloid and suspension
❖ Examples: chicken noodle soup, oil and
water, orange juice with pulp and ice
cubes
HOMOGENOUS
❖ substances that are evenly distributed
throughout the mixture; you can NOT see
the different parts
❖ Examples: blood, coffee, pulp-free orange
juice, salt water
 •Ex: •Don’t scatter light/
Kool-aid, light passes right thru
salt •Smallest solute
water,
particles
brass

•Do not settle out

Can pour
•Pass thru filter
some
paper

•mixtures
•Settle out on standing
•Separate w/filter paper
•Largest particle size (seen) •Medium particle
•Scatter size
•Ex: blood, muddy water, light
Italian salad dressing •Don’t easily pour
•Ex: Jell-o, fog,
milk, mayo,
whipped cream
 Thanks, kiddos!
Join us for another class and
let's have fun again together!