MATTER

What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space. It requires at least one subatomic
particle, although most matter consists of
atoms.
 The Particulate Nature of Matter

Anaximenes Thales of Miletus Heraclitus Empedocles

Flourished c. 545 BCE, Flourished 6th century Flourished c. 540-48 Proposed that all
primal element was air BCE, primal element BCE, primal element matter is made up
was water was water of four
fundamental
elements
 Principles of Leucippus and Democritus

Leucippus

Democritus
 Aristotle and
Plato. Aristotle added
the fifth fundamental
element, aether and
recognized the
continuous theory that
states that matter can
Epicarus of Samos be divided indefinitely
without changing the
Atomism, the fundamental
philosophy that characteristics of the
matter is made material.
up of atoms.
 STATES OF MATTER

Particles are not Expand only to fill Made up of

Produced by cloud of Tightly packed the volume of the negatively and
together, thus, arranged rigid or
bosons is cooled to space. Particles are positively charged
almost orderly manner.
temperatures very usually farter apart particles. Do not
incompressible. Have medium
close to zero. This form each other. have definite
Have high density density. Almost Easily compressed volume nor shape.
includes cold liquid incompressible and
helium and and may expand into a smaller Often observed in
tend to expand volume and greatly ionized gases,
superconductors. only slightly when
when heated. expand when aurora borealis,
heated.
heated. lightning.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE PROPERTIES

EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES- a property that depends on the amount of matter

in a sample. These include mass, length, size and volume. This means that the
more matter there is, the greater the mass, volume or any extensive properties.
Example: a gallon of milk has a larger mass and volume than a cup of milk, a truck has a
larger mass than a bicycle.

INTENSIVE PROPERTIES- a physical quantity whose value does not depend

on the amount of substance which was measured. These include density, color,
physical state, melting, boiling and freezing points and thermal conductivity.
Example: if we measure temperature or pressure at one end of a pipe (300 K). It
is possible that the other end data may be different (325 K)
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical properties are any of the

properties of matter that can be
observed and measured only by
performing a chemical change or
chemical reaction. Chemical
properties cannot be determined by
touching or viewing a sample; the
structure of the sample must be
altered for the chemical properties
to become apparent.
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCES-
substances that are made
up of only one kind of
particle and have a fixed or
constant structure.

MIXTURES- substance
consisting of two or more pure
substances that retain their
individual identities and can be
separated by physical method.
Consumer Products are any
item often brought for
consumption. Examples are
household products and
personal care products.