Chapter 3 Stoichiometry

Mabuhay! Welcome to Class!
Directions:
1. CHAPTER 3: Stoichiometry
WARM-UP:
Identify the coefficient and
the subscript of the
Content Objectives:
following compound
• Describe the law of conservation of 2 CaCl2
mass
• Write and balance chemical equations
using the law of conservation of mass Coefficient:_______
• Identify the process of stoichiometry
Subscript: _______
EXAMPLE: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE + YEAST
Enzyme/Catalyst
Yeast
___H2O2  __H2O + __O2

EXAMPLE:
___CH4(g) +__O2(g)  __CO2 + ___ H2O

EXAMPLE:
___Fe3O4 +__H2  __Fe + ___ H2O
EXAMPLE:
___SiO2 +__HF  __SiF4 + ___ H2O
PRACTICE:
___Ca +__O2  ___ CaO
STOICHIOMETRY
“STOICHIO” – Greek for element
“metry” - measurement
• Stoichiometry is about measuring the amounts of elements

and compounds involved in a reaction.
Ex: 4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO

Consider the chemical equation:
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
There are several numbers involved.

What do they all mean?
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
4 X NH3 NH3 = 1 Nitrogen N H H
H N H
3 Hydrogen H H N H
H H
H N H H N H
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
5 X O2 O2 = 2 Oxygen O O O O O
O O
O O O O
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
6 X H2O H2O = 2 Hydrogen H O O
H H H H
1 Oxygen O
O O
H H H H
O O
H H H H
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
4 X NO NO = 1 Nitrogen N N O N O
1 Oxygen O
N O N O
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO

H H O O
N- HNH HNH
O
O
O
O
H H H H N
N
O
O
N-
H-
H H O O
H- HNH HNH O O
H H H H
N O
O- O
O
O
O
O
H H
O
H H
N O O-
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
With this Stoichiometry we find out that:
4 : 5 : 6 : 4  mole ratio
Do more than just multiply atoms:
4:5:6:4
Are what we can call mole ratio
Stoichiometry:
4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO
Can mean either:
4 molecules of NH3 react with 5 molecules of O2 to
produce 6 molecules of H2O and 4 molecules of NO
Or
4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2 to produce 6

moles of H2O and 4 moles of NO
More example:
Fe2O3 + 3 H2  2 Fe + 3 H2O
Can mean:
____ moles of Fe2O3 react with ____ moles of H2 to
produce ____moles of Fe and ____ moles of H2O
Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

More example:
2 NaOH + H2SO4  2 H2O + Na2SO4
Can mean:
____ moles of NaOH react with ____ moles of H2SO4
to produce ____moles of H2Oand ____ moles of Na2SO4
Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

More example:
2 C4H10 + 13O2  8CO2 + 10H2O
Can mean:
____ moles of C4H10 react with ____ moles of O2 to
produce ____moles of CO2 and ____ moles of H2O
Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

More example:
Balance the equation:
__CO2 + __KOH  __K2CO3 + __H2O
More example:
1 CO2 + 2 KOH 1 K2CO3 + 1 H2O
Can mean:
____ moles of CO2 react with ____ moles of KOH to
produce ____moles of K2CO3 and ____ moles of
H2O
Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___
More example:
Balance the equation:
__NaHCO3  __Na2CO3 + __H2O + __CO2
More example:
2 NaHCO3  1 Na2CO3 + 1 H2O + 1 CO2
Can mean:
____ moles of NaHCO3 decomposes to produce ____ moles of
Na2CO3 ____moles of H2O and ____ moles of CO2
Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

Check for understanding:
Using the chemical equation. Answer the following:
1. 2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2 H2O 3. ___ NH3 + ___ O2 → ___ H2O + ___ NO
Can mean:
____ moles of HCl react with ____ moles of Can mean:
Ca(OH)2 to produce ____moles of CaCl2 and
____ moles of H2O. ____ moles of NH3 react with ____ moles of O2
to produce ____moles of H2O and ____ moles
Mole ratio:___ : ___ : ___ : ___ of HNO3.
2. ___Zn + ___HCl → ___ZnCl2 + ___H2

Can mean: Mole ratio:___ : ___ : ___ : ___
____ moles of Zn react with ____ moles of HCl
to produce ____moles of ZnCl2 and ____ moles
of H2.
Mole ratio:___ : ___ : ___ : ___
STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATION
1.Is the equation balanced?
2.What is the mole ratio?
3.What do you know? (Given)
4.What are you looking for? (Unknown)
5.Mole conversion method

MOLE CONVERSION METHOD
Given value of mole Mole of unknown
Mole – Mole X
Mole of given
Conversion compound
Given value Mole of Mass of

Mole – Mass of mole X unknown X unknown
Mole of given 1 Mole of
Conversion compound unknown
Given mass Mole of given Mole of Mass of

Mass – Mass X compound
X unknown X unknown
Conversion Mass of given

compound
Mole of given
compound
1 Mole of
unknown
2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2 H2O
2 mol HCl = __mol Ca(OH)2 1 mol CaCl2 = __ mol HCl

2 mol HCl = __ mol CaCl2 1 mol CaCl2 = __ mol Ca(OH)2
2 mol HCl = __ mol H2O 1 mol CaCl2 = __ mol H2O
1 mol Ca(OH)2 = __ mol HCl 2 mol H2O = __ mol Ca(OH)2

1 mol Ca(OH)2 = __ mol CaCl2 2 mol H2O = __ mol HCl
1 mol Ca(OH)2 = __ mol H2O 2 mol H2O = __ mol CaCl2
Mole – Mole X
Mole of given
Conversion compound


X unknown X unknown

compound
Mole of given
compound
1 Mole of
unknown
Mole – Mole X
Mole of given
Conversion compound
Mole – Mole X
Mole of given
Conversion compound
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

___ moles O2  ___mol C3H8 5 mol O2 = __mol C3H8
5 mol O2 = __ mol CO2
5 mol O2 = __ mol H2O
Mole – Mole X
Mole of given
Conversion compound
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

3 moles O2  mol C3H8 5 mol O2 = __mol C3H8
5 mol O2 = __ mol CO2
5 mol O2 = __ mol H2O
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
• 6.00 moles O2  mol H2O X
Mole of given
compound
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
• 4.00 moles C3H8  mol CO2 X
Mole of given
compound
2As + 6NaOH 2Na3AsO3 + 3H2
• 5.23 moles NaOH  mol H2 X
Mole of given
compound
3Hg(OH)2 + 2H3PO4  1Hg3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
• 15 moles Hg(OH)2 mol H3PO4 X
Mole of given
compound
2 KNO3 + 1 H2CO3  1 K2CO3 + 2 HNO3
1.) 3.5 moles KNO3  mol HNO3
Mole KNO3 Mole HNO3
Mole KNO3
2.) 8 moles H2CO3  mol K2CO3

Mole H2CO3 Mole K2CO3

Mole H2CO3
3.) 2 moles KNO3  mol K2CO3
Mole KNO3 Mole K2CO3

Mole KNO3

Mole – Mass Conversion
Given value of mole X Mole of unknown X Mass of unknown
= ANSWER
Mole of given 1 Mole of unknown
MOLE - MASS
Mole of unknown Mass of unknown
Given value of mole X
Mole of given
X 1 Mole of unknown
= ANSWER
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
How many grams of O2 are consumed by the reaction of 6.00 moles
of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
MOLE - MASS
Given value of mole X X = ANSWER
Sample problem
X X =
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1 SnO2 + 2H2  1 Sn + 2 H2O
How many grams of H2 will you need to produce with 5.00 moles H2O?
MOLE - MASS
Sample problem
X X =

X unknown X unknown

compound
Mole of given
compound
1 Mole of
unknown
SAMPLE PROBLEMS 2 Fe + 3 Cl2  FeCl3
How many moles of Cl2 do you need to produce 527.18 grams FeCl3?
MOLE - MASS
MASS - MOLE
1 Mole of given Mole of unknown
Given value of mass X X = ANSWER
Mass of given Mole of given
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2 Fe + 3 Cl2  FeCl3
How many moles of Cl2 do you need to produce 527.18 grams FeCl3?
MASS - MOLE
Sample problem
X X =
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PCl5 + 4H2O  1H3PO4 + 5 HCl
How many moles of HCl will you need to produce with 50.0 grams H2O?
MASS - MOLE
Sample problem
X X =
Moles KCl g KCl

Moles O2
Moles O2 1 Moles KCl
Moles KCl g KCl

Moles KClO3
Moles KClO3 1 Moles KCl
1 Mole O2 Moles H2O

g O2
g O2 Mole O2
1 Mole H2 Mole H2O

g H2
g H2 Mole H2
REVIEW:
Molar mass / formula mass (MR)
• The sum total of the masses of the atoms
(atomic mass or weight) of the elements present
in the compound expressed in grams
REVIEW:
Mass – Mass
Conversion
1 2 3 4
Calculate
X A MOLE B
Mass to Mass MASS MOLE A MASS B
X unknown X unknown

compound
Mole of given
compound
1 Mole of
unknown
MASS - MASS
1 Mole of given Mole of unknown Mass of unknown
Given value of mass X X X = ANSWER
Moleof
Mass of given 1 Mole of given
given 1 Mole of unknown
MASS - MASS
1 Mole given mole unknown g unknown
___________ g X X mole given
g of given 1 Mole of given
X 1 Mole unknown
= ANSWER
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
2 KNO3 + 1 H2CO3  1 K2CO3 + 2 HNO3
If you produce 301.2 grams of HNO3. How many grams of H2CO3 did
you consume?
MASS - MASS
1 Mole given mole unknown g unknown
___________ g X X
g of given 1 Molemole given X 1 Mole unknown
= ANSWER
of given
Sample problem
1 Mole HNO3 mole H2CO3 g H2CO3
_________ g HNO3 X g of HNO3 X X =
mole HNO3 1 Mole H2CO3
LIMITING AND EXCESS
REAGENT
VOCABULARY WORDS:
•Limiting reagent – the reactant that
determines the amount of product that can be
formed by a reaction – (COMPLETELY USED UP IN
THE REACTION)
•Excess reagent – the reactant that is NOT

completely used up in a reaction
(UNUSED/ LEFT-OVER OF THE REACTION)
Limiting Reactants
+ + 16 tires
excess
8 car bodies 48 tires 8 cars
CB + 4T CT4
Limiting Reactants
• Available Ingredients
• 4 slices of bread
• 1 jar of peanut butter
• 1/2 jar of jelly
• Limiting Reactant
– bread
• Excess Reactants
– peanut butter and jelly
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
+ =
20 15 ____
wheels + Seats = bicycle
SAMPLE PROBLEM #1
Potassium dioxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen.
4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l)  4KOH(s) + 3O2(g)
a. How many grams of O2 can be produced from 15 grams KO2 and 10 grams H2O?
b. Determine the limiting and excess reactant.
KO2
1 Mole KO2 ____ mole O2 g O2
_________ g KO2 X g of KO2 X X =
____ mole KO2 1 Mole O2
H2O
1 Mole H2O ____ mole O2 g O2
_________ g H2O X g of H2O X ____ mole H2O
X =
1 Mole O2
Limiting reactant: ______ Excess reactant: ______
SAMPLE PROBLEM #2
2 N2H4 (l) + 1 N2O4 (l)  3 N2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)
A fuel mixture used in the early days of rocketry was a mixture of N2H4 and N2O4,
as shown above. How many grams of N2 gas is produced when 100 g of N2H4 and
200 g of N2O4 are mixed? Determine the limiting and excess reactant.
N2H4
1 Mole N2H4 ____ mole N2 g N2
_________ g N2H4 X X X =
g of N2H4 ____ mole N2H4 1 Mole N2
N2O4
1 Mole N2O4 ____ mole N2 g N2
_________ g N2O4 X X ____ mole N O X =
g of N2O4 2 4
1 Mole N2
Sample Problem #3
3 FeCl2 + 2 Na3PO4  Fe3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl
If 54 grams of FeCl2 reacts with 61 grams of Na3PO4, what is
the limiting reagent? How much NaCl can be formed?
FeCl2
1 Mole FeCl2 ____ mole NaCl g NaCl
_________ g FeCl2X X
g of FeCl2 X ____ mole FeCl2
=
1 Mole NaCl
Na3PO4
1 Mole Na3PO4 ____ mole NaCl g NaCl
_______g Na3PO4 X X ____ mole Na POX =
g Na3PO4 3 4
1 Mole NaCl
Sample Problem #4
If 14.2 g of N2 react with 4.21g of H2 to produce NH3 in:
N2 + 3 H2  2 NH3
What is the limiting reactant?
(N2 = 28.014 g/mol H2 = 2.016 g/mol NH3 = 17.031 g/mol)
N2
1 Mole N2 ____ mole NH3 g NH3
_________ g N2 X g of N2 X X =
____ mole N2 1 Mole NH3
NH3
1 Mole H2 ____ mole NH3 g NH3
_______g H2 X g H2 X ____ mole H X =
2
1 Mole NH3
VOCABULARY: Percent Yield
• Is a measure of the efficiency
of a reaction carried out in the
laboratory. HOW WELL YOU DID!
Calculate the grade on a test where you got 15 out of 20

questions right in percent!
* 100 = 75%
VOCABULARY: Theoretical Yield
• Is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given
amounts of reactants. OBTAINED THROUGH CALCULATIONS
VOCABULARY: Actual Yield
• Is the amount of product that actually forms when the reaction is
carried out in the laboratory. OBTAINED IN AN EXPERIMENT
Calculate the grade on a test where you got 15 out of 20 questions right in percent!
* 100 = 75%
PERCENT YIELD
PERCENT
= ACTUAL YIELD X 100 =
YIELD
THEORETICAL YIELD
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PERCENT ACTUAL YIELD
YIELD = X 100 =
THEORETICAL YIELD
1. Calculate the percent yield when you calculated 8.13 g MgO
and recovered 5.50 g MgO after the experiment.
PERCENT
YIELD = X 100 =
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
YIELD = X 100 =
THEORETICAL YIELD
2. Calculate the percent yield when you calculated 9.23 g
HCl and recovered 7.89 g HCl after the experiment.
PERCENT
YIELD = X 100 =
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
X 100 =
3. Calculate =
YIELD
the THEORETICAL YIELD
mass of O (Mr = 32.0 g/mol) that reacted
2 with
40.0g CH4 (Mr = 16.0 g/mol). What is the percent yield of
CO2 (Mr = 44.0 g/mol) gas if the recovered gas is 149.9
g?
CH4 + 5 O
FINDING THE THEORETICAL 2  4 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy
YIELD
1 Mole CH4 mole CO2 g CO2
_________ g CH4 X X X =
g of CH4 mole CH4 1 Mole CO2
PERCENT
YIELD = g CO2
X 100 =
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PERCENT ACTUAL YIELD X 100 =
YIELD = THEORETICAL YIELD
4. Upon reaction of 1.274 g of copper sulfate with excess zinc metal, 0.392
g copper metal was obtained according to the equation:
CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s)→ Cu(s)+ ZnSO4(aq)
What is the percent yield?
Sample problem
1 Mole CuSO4 mole Cu g Cu
_________ g CuSO4 X X mole CuSO4 X
=
g of CuSO4 1 Mole Cu
PERCENT
YIELD = g Cu
X 100 =
Checking for understanding
DAILY WORK:

Chapter 3 Stoichiometry

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Chapter 3 Stoichiometry

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Mabuhay! Welcome to Class!

___H2O2  __H2O + __O2

___CH4(g) +__O2(g)  __CO2 + ___ H2O

• Stoichiometry is about measuring the amounts of elements

Ex: 4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO

4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO

There are several numbers involved.

4NH3 + 5O2  6H2O+ 4NO

4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2 to produce 6

Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

Mole ratio: ___ : ___ : ___ : ___

2. ___Zn + ___HCl → ___ZnCl2 + ___H2

2.What is the mole ratio?

3.What do you know? (Given)

4.What are you looking for? (Unknown)

5.Mole conversion method

Given value Mole of Mass of

Given mass Mole of given Mole of Mass of

Conversion Mass of given

2 mol HCl = __mol Ca(OH)2 1 mol CaCl2 = __ mol HCl

1 mol Ca(OH)2 = __ mol HCl 2 mol H2O = __ mol Ca(OH)2

Given value Mole of Mass of

Given mass Mole of given Mole of Mass of

Conversion Mass of given

C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

3.) 2 moles KNO3  mol K2CO3

Mole KNO3 Mole K2CO3

Given value Mole of Mass of

Given mass Mole of given Mole of Mass of

Conversion Mass of given

Moles KCl g KCl

Moles KCl g KCl

1 Mole O2 Moles H2O

1 Mole H2 Mole H2O

Conversion Mass of given

•Excess reagent – the reactant that is NOT

8 car bodies 48 tires 8 cars

Calculate the grade on a test where you got 15 out of 20

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_H2O2  H2O + __O2

_CH4(g) +O2(g)  CO2 + _ H2O

Mole ratio: _ : _ : _ : _

Mole ratio: _ : _ : _ : _

Mole ratio: _ : _ : _ : _

Mole ratio: _ : _ : _ : _

2. _Zn + _HCl → _ZnCl2 + _H2

2 mol HCl = mol Ca(OH)2 1 mol CaCl2 = mol HCl

1 mol Ca(OH)2 = mol HCl 2 mol H2O = mol Ca(OH)2