CHEMISTRY

Describe Explain
• Describe how a compound differs from its • Explain that the electric forces between
component elements. electrons and protons, which are oppositely
charged, are essential to forming
compounds.

Compare and contrast Examine

OVERVIEW OF THE • Compare and contrast strength and
concentration.
• Examine some formulas and uses of
common acids and bases. To explains what a

OBJECTIVES chemical formula represents.

Define Identify
• Define the concept of solubility and Identify • Identify the factors that affect the rates at
how to express the concentration of which solids and gases dissolve in liquids.
solutions.
IMPORTANCE
Solutions such as medicine and
lemonade work and taste a
particular way because of the
specific solution concentrations.
 - CENTRAL SCIENCE -

change in color spoilage of foods left

of leaves standing at room
electrical energy
that powers a phone
temperature.
4
 C H E M I S T RY
study of the nature,
properties, and composition
of matter, and how these
undergo changes
Branches of chemistry
 Organic
chemistry

the study of the structure,

properties, composition, mechanisms,
and reactions of organic compounds.
An organic compound is defined as
any compound based on a carbon
skeleton.
Inorganic chemistry

the study of the properties and reactions

of inorganic compounds. The distinction
between organic and inorganic disciplines
is not absolute and there is much overlap,
most importantly in the sub-discipline of
organometallic chemistry
 Physical
chemistry

the study of the physical and fundamental

basis of chemical systems and processes. In
particular, the energetics and dynamics of
such systems and processes are of interest
to physical chemists. Important areas of
study include chemical thermodynamics,
chemical kinetics, electrochemistry,
statistical mechanics, spectroscopy, and
more recently, astrochemistry.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

the analysis of material samples to gain an

understanding of their chemical composition
and structure. Analytical chemistry
incorporates standardized experimental
methods in chemistry. These methods may
be used in all sub-disciplines of chemistry,
excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
 BIOCHEMISTRY

the study of the chemicals, chemical

reactions and chemical interactions
that take place in living organisms.
Biochemistry and organic chemistry are
closely related, as in medicinal
chemistry or neurochemistry.
Biochemistry is also associated with
molecular biology and genetics
History of
chemistry
MATTER
✓ Anything that occupies space
and has mass
✓ The physical material of the
universe
 SPACE
boundless three-dimensional extent in which
objects and events have relative position and
direction
MASS VS WEIGHT
amount of measure of how the
matter in a force of gravity acts
material upon that mass

15
Is light considered an
example of matter?

17
MATTER
✓ particulatein nature
✓ between separate bits of matter
there are spaces that contain no
matter.
 atoms the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter.

elements composed of only one type of atom

molecule a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

compounds is a substance which is formed by two or more different types of

elements which are united chemically in a fixed proportion
 classifications
of matter

Based on physical state Based on composition

 Based on
physical state

Solid Liquid Gas Others

• retains a fixed • assumes the shape • assumes the shape • Plasma

volume and shape of the part of the and volume of its • Bose-Einstein
• not easily container which it container condensates
compressible occupies • compressible • Neutron-degenerate
• does not flow • not easily • flows easily • Photonic matter
easily compressible • Quark-gluon plasmas
• flows easily
 Draw your own version of solid,
liquid, and gas for 5 minutes. Take
a picture of your drawing and
comment it in my post.

25
 Based on
physical state

Solid Liquid Gas

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 Based on
composition

Pure substance Mixture

Compound Element Heterogeneous Homogeneous

 Pure Substance

Element Compound

• A pure substance that cannot be • made of two or more different

broken down into simpler kinds of elements.
substances by CHEMICAL CHANGES.
• Displayed on the periodic table
• Each element is made of the same
kind of atom.
 Mixture

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

uniform structure or composition process involving substances in

throughout a culturally homogeneous different phases (solid, liquid, or
neighborhood gaseous)
PROPERTY
any characteristic
that allows us to
recognize a
particular type of
matter and to
distinguish it from
other types.
Water Alcohol
 PROPERTIES
OF MATTER

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Characteristic or trait of matter that can be observed or
perceived with our senses easily without changing its
chemical composition.

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 PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
does not
depend on
depend on
the amount
the amount
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Blackboard Chalk Isn't Chalk (todayifoundout.com)
 PROPERTIES
OF MATTER

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Characteristic or trait that can be observed when a matter
reacts to another substance. It is also called a chemical
reaction because the substance is transformed into a
chemically different substance.
RUSTING OF
IRON
BURNING OF
PAPER
paper → ash
METHODS OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES INTO THEIR COMPONENT
SUBSTANCES
 TECHNIQUES TO SEPARATE MIXTURES

Iron ores

Steel bars
 FILTRATION
is a process used to separate solids
from liquids or gases using a filter
medium that allows the fluid to pass
through but not the solid
 FILTRATION
is a process used to separate solids
from liquids or gases using a filter
medium that allows the fluid to pass
through but not the solid
 FILTRATION
is a process used to separate solids
from liquids or gases using a filter
medium that allows the fluid to pass
through but not the solid
 DECANTATION
the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids,
by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below.
 DECANTATION
the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids,
by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below.
MECHANICAL SEPARATION
This process uses forceps, sieves,
magnet and other similar tools to
separate the components of
mixtures manually
 CENTRIFUGATION
a method of separating molecules having different densities by spinning them
in solution around an axis (in a centrifuge rotor) at high speed.
 CENTRIFUGATION
a method of separating molecules having different densities by spinning them
in solution around an axis (in a centrifuge rotor) at high speed.
 DISTILLATION
is process takes the advantage of the
difference in boiling points of molecules and is
best for mixtures involving two or more
liquids.
 DISTILLATION
is process takes the advantage of the
difference in boiling points of molecules and is
best for mixtures involving two or more
liquids.
CHR O MATOGRAPHY
This process uses the difference in
the degrees to which substances
are absorbed on the surface of an
inert substance, which affect the
different rates of movement of
each molecule.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Electrolysis
This is a chemical decomposition or
breakdown produced by passing an electric
current through a liquid or solution
containing ions.
SUMMARY:
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
SUMMARY:

Both water and alcohol are clear liquid. But we

know we can drink water and we cannot drink
alcohol.