EXPLORING

BASIC
MATTER
CONCEPTS
 CHEMISTRY
Chemistry is the field of study concerned with
the characteristics, composition, and
transformations of matter.

THE STUDY OF MATTER

 WHAT IS MATTER?
Anything that has mass and
occupies space

Examples:
Water, air, glass, and you
 PHYSICAL STATES OF
SOLID
Characterized by a definite
MATTER? LIQUID
Characterized by an indefinite
GAS
Characterized by indefinite shape
shape and definite volume shape and indefinite volume. and indefinite volume. It always
It always takes the shape of its fills its container adapting its
container. shape and volume.
 PHYSICAL STATES OF
SOLID
Characterized by a definite
MATTER? LIQUID
Characterized by an indefinite
GAS
Characterized by indefinite shape
shape and definite volume shape and indefinite volume. and indefinite volume. It always
It always takes the shape of its fills its container adapting its
container. shape and volume.
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Distinguishing characteristics of a substance that is used in its
identification and description

PHYSICAL PROPERTY
Characteristic of a substance • Color
that can be observed without • Physical state
changing the basic identity of • Melting point
the substance. • Boiling point
• Hardness
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Distinguishing characteristics of a substance that is used in its
identification and description.

CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Characteristic of a substance Copper objects turn green
that describes the way the when exposed to moist air for
substance undergoes or resists long periods of time.
change to form a new
substance.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Distinguishing characteristics of a substance that is used in its
identification and description.

CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• Flammability
• Reactivity
• Toxicity
• Heat from combustions
• Radioactivity
• Types of chemical bonds form
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FF. PROPERTIES OF SELECTED
METALS AS A PHYSICAL PROPERTY OR CHEMICAL
PROPERTY.

A. Iron metal rusts in an atmosphere

B. Mercury metal is a liquid in room temperature.
C. Nickel metal dissolves acid to produce light green solution.
D. Potassium metal has melting point of 63%.
E. The water freezes at 0 Degrees Celsius.
 CHANGES IN
Ice melts.
Physical Change
MATTER
giphy.webp

A process in which a
substance changes its
physical appearance but not
its chemical composition.
 CHANGES IN giphy (1).webp giphy (2).webp

Chemical Change MATTER

A process in which a
substance undergoes change
in chemical composition.
 CHANGES IN giphy (2).webpgiphy (1).webp

MATTER

=
 CHANGES IN
MATTER
a. The fashioning of a piece of wood into a round table
b. The vigorous reaction of potassium metal with water to produce
hydrogen gas
c. Straightening a bent piece of iron with a hammer is an example
of a____________.
d. The ignition and burning of a match involve a ______________
change.
 PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES CHANGES
PROPERTIES CHANGES
Properties Changes observable Changes in
Properties that describe
without changing
observable composition.
how a substance which one or
changes (or resists
without changing • Change in change) to form new more new
composition physical state substance. substances are
• Color and shape (melting, boiling, • Flammability (or non-
flammability) formed
• Solid, Liquid, freezing, etc
• Change in state of
• Decomposition at • Decompositio
Gas high temperature (or
• Boiling point, subdivision with no lack of n
change in physical decomposition) • Reaction with
melting point state (pulverizing a • Reaction with chlorine
. solid). (or lack of reaction another
with chlorine) substance
 MATTER

Pure Substance Mixture

- Only one – Physical
substance combination of
present two or more
substance.

Homogenous Heterogeneous
Mixture Mixture
One visible Two or more
phase visible phases
PURE SUBSTANCES
AND MIXTURE
 PURE SUBSTANCES AND
Pure Substance Example:
•
MIXTURE
A single kind of matter that cannot • Pure water
be separated into other kinds of • Pure Sucrose
matter by any physical means.
• Has definite and constant
composition
 PURE SUBSTANCES AND
Mixtures
•
MIXTURE
A physical combination of two or
Examples:

more pure substances in which 1. Mixing salt and a sand

each retains its own chemical
identity.
• Physically mixed rather than done
chemically.
 PURE SUBSTANCES AND
MIXTURES
Heterogeneous
Mixture
MIXTURE Homogeneous
Mixture
A mixture that contains only
A mixture that contains visibly
one visibly distinct phase
different phases (parts), each of
(part), which has uniform
which has different properties .
properties throughout.
( colloid, suspension)
(solution)
PURE SUBSTANCES AND
MIXTURES
Homogeneous
Mixture
MIXTUREHeterogeneous
Mixture
PURE SUBSTANCES AND
MIXTURE
ELEMENT
S AND
COMPOU
NDS
• F
• Au
• Fe
• B
• H
• He
WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler pure substance by chemical
means such as chemical reaction, an electric
current, heat or a beam of light
• NaCl
• CO2
• H2O
WHAT IS A COMPOUND?
A pure substance that can be broken down
into simpler pure substance by chemical
means such as chemical reaction, an electric
current, heat or a beam of light.
 EXAMPLES:

• NaCl Na +
Cl
• CO2 C+O
• H2O O+H
EXAMPLES:
 CLASSES OF MATTER
MATTER

PURE MIXTURE
SUBSTANCE – Physical
- Only one combination of two
substance present or more substance.

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
HOMOGENOUS HETEROGENEOUS
• Cannot be broken • Can be broken down into
constituent elements by MIXTURE MIXTURE
down into simpler
chemical, but not • One visible • Two or more visible
substances by
physical means phase phases
chemical or physical • Chemical combinations • Same property • Different properties
means of two or more elements throughout in different phases.
• Building blocks for all • Have definite, constant,
other types of matter elemental composition.
• 118 elements known
 Does the sample of
matter have the same
NO properties throughout? YES

HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS

ARE TWO OR MORE ARE TWO OR MORE

DIFFERENT DIFFERENT
SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES
YES PRESENT NO NO PRESENT YES

PURE SUBSTANCE PURE SUBSTANCE

HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS
(IN TWO OR MORE (IN ONE PHYSICAL
MIXTURE MIXTURE
PHYSICAL STATE) STATE)

CAN THE PURE SUBSTANCE

BE BROKEN DOWN INTO
NO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES? YES

ELEMENT COMPOUND
DISCOVERY
AND
ABUNDANCE
OF
ELEMENTS
PERIODIC
TABLE OF
 PERIODIC TABLE OF
Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table
How his worked…. ELEMENTS
Some Problems….
• Put elements in rows by • He left blank spaces for
increasing atomic weight. what he said were
• Put elements in columns undiscovered elements.
by the way they reacted. (Turned out he was right)
• He broke the pattern of
increasing atomic weight
to keep similar reacting
elements together.
 PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
• There are 118 known elements, building blocks for all matter,
have taken place for all over a period of several countries. Most
of the discoveries have occurred since 1700, with the 1800s being
the most active.

• 88 occurred naturally, while 30 have been synthesized in

the laboratory.
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE OF
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
ELEMENTS
A one- or two- letter designation
for an element derived from the
element’s name
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
 PERIODIC TABLE OF
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
ELEMENTS
A notation made up of the chemical
symbols present in a compound and
numerical subscripts (located to the right
of each element present in a molecule of
a compound
PERIODIC TABLE OF
CHEMICAL FORMULAS

CHO
ELEMENTS
9 8 4
 ATOMS &
MOLECULES
 ATOMS
THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN
ELEMENT THAT CAN EXIST AND
STILL HAVE THE PROPERTIES OF
THE ELEMENT.
MOLECULES
 MOLECULES
MONOATOMIC DIATOMIC POLYATOMIC

One atom or an Molecule that Molecule in which

element contains two atoms two or more kinds
of atom are present
MOLECULES
DIATOMIC POLYATOMIC
THANK
YOU!