INTRODUCTION

CHEMISTRY
MR. A. SILUNGWE (BPHARM)
 Course Content
• Atomic Structure • Gas Laws
• Periodic Table • Solutions
• Bonding • Acid/Base
• Nomenclature • Thermochemistry
• Chemical Reactions • Nuclear Chemistry
• Stoichiometry • Organic Chemistry
Chemistry

 What is chemistry?
 The study of matter.
 Questions that chemistry is trying to answer:
▪ What is matter made of?
▪ How does matter behave?
▪ How is matter combined or taken apart?
Chemistry

 What is matter?
 Any substance that has mass and volume (takes
up space)

 Matter is the “stuff” that makes up the universe.

 Matter always has certain properties

(characteristics or features).
▪ There are two types of properties…
Chemistry

 Physical properties:
 Any feature that can be directly observed without
changing the chemical structure:
▪ Colour
▪ Texture
▪ Smell
▪ Density
▪ Conductivity
▪ Solubility
Chemistry

 Chemical properties:
 Properties that describe how it will react when
combined with another substance to form a new
substance with new properties.
Classifying Matter

Matter

Pure Substances
 Always have identical
properties in every sample
every time
 Homogeneous: have the
same properties throughout
the sample
 Made of only 1 kind of
particle
Mixtures
 2 or more substances put
together but not chemically
combined
 Often heterogeneous:
different kinds of particles
with different properties in
the same sample
Pure Substances

 Elements:
 Pure substance made of only 1 kind of atom
 Has its own unique atom
 Cannot be broken down into simpler substances
 Always has a name in English or Latin
 Always has a symbol
▪ i.e. K – Potassium, Na – Sodium, Hg - Mercury
Pure Substances

 Compounds:
 Pure substance made of 2 or more elements
bonded together in a fixed proportion!
 Smallest part is a molecule
 Can be broken down with energy
 Always has a formula
▪ i.e. CuCl2, H2O2, H2CO3
Mixtures

 Solutions:
 Mixture in which one part has dissolved and
spread out evenly in another part
 Always homogenous
 i.e. salt water, coffee, CuCl2 (aqueous)
Mixtures

 Mechanical Mixtures:
 Mixture in which one part is mixed with another
part, but each part retains its own identity
 Easily separable
 i.e. iron filings an sulfur, raisin bran
Mixtures

 Suspensions and Colloids:

 A suspension is a mixture in which one part rises
to the top while the other sinks to the bottom
(heterogeneous). i.e. orange juice, salad dressing.

 A colloid is a mixture in which the parts never

settle out (a stable suspension). i.e. homogenized
milk, mayonnaise,
Pure Substance or Mixture?

1. 2.
Pure Substance or Mixture?

3. 4.
Pure Substance or Mixture?

5.

6.
Pure Substance or Mixture?

7. 8.