EXERCISE NO.

1
The Body as a Whole and Orientation
 
Learning Goal:   To illustrate the anatomical position and construct the diagram of
regions of the body and identify the underlying organs.
 
Level of Structural Organization
1. Illustrate the increasingly larger, as organized by body into successively
complex structure

The levels of Structural Organization are:

 First the CHEMICAL LEVEL that composes the Atoms (the tiny building blocks of
matter), the Molecules (smallest units making up the body & combine to atoms) and the
Macromolecules (a combination of atoms & molecules to form a large & more complex
chemicals.)
 Second, is the CELLULAR LEVEL/ORGANELLE LEVEL each cell is
surrounded by a membrane and it is characterized by a single nucleus surrounded
by a cytoplasm that contains numerous organelles that requires for specialized
activity.
 Third is the TISSUE are group of cells with similar structure & functions.
 Fourth is the ORGANS which are composed of 2 or more tissues that perform one
or more common functions.
 Fifth is the ORGAN OR SYSTEM LEVEL which is a group of organs classified
as a unit because of common function.
 And lastly, the ORGANISM LEVEL which is the highest level of structural
organization

  CHEMICAL LEVEL
CELLULAR/ORGANELLE LEVEL

atom

Molecules

ORGANISM LEVEL Macro

nucleus
molecules

TISSUE

SYSTEM LEVEL ORGANS

Body Orientation, Direction, Planes, and Sections
 
2.  Correctly identify by choosing the appropriate anatomical terms to complete the
statements listed below.
           
         In the anatomical position, the umbilicus and knees are on the _Anterior_ __ body
surface; the calves and shoulder blades are on the _Posterior__ body surface; and
the soles of the feet are the most _inferior__ part of the body. The ears are superior_
and medial_to the shoulders and _lateral_ to the nose. The breastbone is
_Anterior__ to the vertebral column (spine) and __Medial__ to the shoulders. The
elbow is _proximal_to the shoulder but _distal_ to the fingers. The thoracic cavity is
_superior__ to the abdominopelvic cavity and posterior__ to the spinal cavity. In
humans, the ventral surface can also be called the Anterior_ surface; however, in
quadruped animals, the ventral surface is the _dorsal__ surface.
        
If an incision cuts the brain into superior and inferior parts, the section is a
_transverse/cross__ section; but if the brain is cut so that anterior and posterior
portion result, the section is a _frontal/coronal__ section. You are told to cut a
dissection animal along two planes so that the lungs are observable in both sections.
The two sections that meet this requirement are the __sagital section__  and
_median/midsagittal_ sections.
 
         1. Anterior
      6.lateral              11. Superior
2.  posterior            7.  Anterior          12. Posterior
         3. Inferior            8.    Medial         13. Anterior
         4.  Superior            9. Proximal             14.Dorsal.
         5.   Medial           10.  Distal            15. Transverse/cross
         16.     Frontal/coronal        17.Sagital section             18. Median/Midsagittal
 

Body Cavities
 
3.  Identify the body cavities where the following organs are located
 
  abdominal cavity_ 1. Stomach                       _Pelvic Cavity_ 7.
Bladder                                

  _Abdominal Cavity 2. Small Intestine           _Thoracic Cavity_ 8. Trachea

  _Abdominal Cavity. 3. Large Intestine            Thoracic Cavity_ 9. Lungs

  __thoracic Cavity_ 4. Spleen                         Cranial Cavity_10. Pituitary Gland

  __Thoracic Cavity_ 5. Liver                             Abdominal Cavity__11. Rectum

  ___Spinal Cavity_ 6. Spinal Cord                  ___Pelvic Cavity_12. Ovaries

    
 
 
4. Construct the diagram of the nine regions of the body and identify the underlying
organs
 
  The nine regions are;

RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

Parts: it contains the right lobe of Liver and Gallbladder

LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION

Parts: the parts contain are the Diaphragm, Spleen and little left portion of the
Stomach

EPIGASTRIC REGION
Parts: the parts seen in this region are the right and left lobe of the liver and large
portion of the stomach

RIGHT LUMBAR REGION

this region contains the Large and Small Intestines

LEFT LUMBAR REGION

Parts: additional loops of the small intestine & part of the colon

UMBILICAL REGION
Parts: portion of transverse colon & loops of the small intestine

RIGHT ILIAC (INGUINAL REGION)

Parts: contains the cecum & parts of the small intestine

LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL REGION)

Parts: shows portion of the colon & small intestine

HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC REGION)

Parts: only loops of the small intestine, urinary bladder & appendix
 RIGHT EPIGASTRIC REGION LEFT
HYPOCHONDRIAC the parts seen in this HYPOCHONDRIAC
  REGION region are the right and REGION
-it contains the right left lobe of the liver and the parts contain are the
  lobe of Liver and large portion of the Diaphragm, Spleen and little
  Gallbladder stomach left portion of the Stomach

RIGHT LUMBAR UMBILICAL LEFT LUMBAR

REGION REGION REGION
The parts seen are the The parts seen in this
this region contains region are the
the Large and portion of transverse
additional loops of the
colon & loops of the small
Small Intestines small intestine & part of
intestine the colon

RIGHT ILIAC HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL

(INGUINAL REGION)
This regions contains
the cecum & parts of the
small intestine
REGION) REGION)
This region contains the This region shows
only the loops of the small
portion of the colon &
intestine, urinary bladder &
small intestine
appendix
5. LABELING 
Correctly label the  surface anatomy.

 
 
 

1. frontal
2. Orbital 
3. nasal
4. buccal
5. oral
6. cervical
7. STERNAL
8. AXILLARY
9. PECTORAL
10. PELVIC
11. Pelvic
12. Inguinal (groin)
13. Pubic
14. Brachial (Arm)
15. Acromial
16. Deltoid
17. Antecubital
18. Antebrachial(forearm)
19. Carpal
20. Digital
21. Coxal
22. Femoral
23. Patellar
24. Crural
25. Fibular
26. Tarsal
27. Digital
28. Occipital
29. Cervical
30. Scapular
31. Vertebral
32. Lumbar
33. Sacral
34. Gluteal
35. Calcaneal