REVISIONS ON BIO SC 1- Body as a Whole: Introduction to Human Body and Cells

1) State the function of body cavities.

Protect internal organs

2) Identify 2 main types of cavities.

Dorsal and ventral cavity

3) State the cavities found in Dorsal cavity & the structures in them.
Cranial cavity – skull & brain
Spinal cavity – backbone & spinal cord

4) State the cavities found in Ventral cavity & the structures in them.

Thoracic cavity – heart & lungs 5)

Abdominal cavity – stomach, liber and intestines D
Pelvic cavity – urinary bladder and reproductive organs

efine the following terms and give example for each anatomical position:

Anatomical position Definition Examples

Superior Towards the head, above or higher the heart is superior to the liver

Inferior Towards the feet, below or lower the intestines is inferior to the stomach

Anterior Towards the front the chest is on the anterior side of the
body
Posterior Towards the back the backbone is on the posterior side of
the body
Medial towards the midline the heart is medial to the lungs

Lateral Away from midline the arms are lateral to the body

Proximal Closer to the point of origin the knee is proximal to the foot

Distal Further from the point of origin the palm is distal to the elbow

6) List the following planes & the sections it represents:

Planes Sections
Frontal Plane Anterior and posterior

Sagittal Plane Left and right

Transverse Plane Superior and inferior

7) Label the 4 quadrants of the Abdominal-Pelvic area in the following diagram with the helping words
provided in the box:

Helping words:

Right Upper Quadrant

Left Upper Quadrant

Right Lower Quadrant

Left Lower Quadrant

8) Label the 9 regions of the Abdominal-Pelvic area in the following diagram with the helping words
provided in the box:
 Helping words:

Right hypochondriac region

Left hypochondriac region

Right iliac region

Left iliac region

Right lumbar region

Left lumbar region

Epigastric region

Hypogastric region

Umbilical region

9) Label the following parts of the cell in the picture below with the helping words provided in the box:
 Helping words:
Cell membrane Centrioles Cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus Lysosome Mitochondria

Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Vacuoles

10) State the definition & functions of the main organelles found in the cell.
Name of organelle Definition
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Network of membranous tubules
Ribosomes Very small structures made of
protein and ribosomal RNA, and
float freely within the cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus Closely packed layers of
membrane sacs
Mitochondria Oval or spherical in shape bound
by a double membrane
Functions
Forms a passageway for the transportation of the
material necessary for cell functions within cell
Sites for protein synthesis
Involves in secretory activities of a cell &
synthesize and export proteins for secretions from
the cell
Site for ATP production & supply cell with energy

Lysosomes Single membrane structures & Digest worn out cell structures and foreign
contains digestive enzymes substances such as bacteria
Centrioles Located near the nucleus of a cell, Shaped like a rod

Vacuoles Small cavities or empty space Storage of secretions or waste product

within a cell

11) State the definition & functions of the structures that made up a cell:
Name of organelle Definition Functions
Cytoplasm A watery solution found between
the cell membrane and the nucleus

Cell membrane The covering of the cell, encloses Allows certain molecules and ions to enter/leave
contents of the cell; a semi- the cell
permeable membrane

Nucleus Found within the cytoplasm & Controls every organalle within the cytoplasm
covered by the nuclear membrane,
contains chromosomes of the cell

12) Define the following terms:

Term Definition
Meiosis Go through 2 cell division & occurs in sperm or egg cells, where a parent cell produces
4 daughter cells
Mitosis Division of all cells except reproductive cells

13) List 3 processes involved in the transport of substances across the cell membrane & its definition:
Name of process Definition
1 diffusion the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient

2 osmosis Movement of water molecules from a solution with a high

concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water
molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane

3 Active transport the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a
region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring
energy