WEIRS

CE123-1
HYDRAULICS
 Weirs are overflow structures
which are built across an open
channel for the purpose of
measuring or controlling the
flow of liquids. Weirs have
Weir
been commonly used to
measure the flow of water,
but it is now being adopted to
measure the flow of other
liquids.
 According to Shape

Rectangular

Classification Triangular
of Weir
Trapezoidal

Circular

Parabolic or of any other regular form.

 According to Form

sharp-crested
Classification
of Weir

broad crested
Definition of
Terms:

Section A-A
 Drop-down curve – the Nappe – the overflowing
downward curvature of stream in a weir.
the liquid surface before
the weir.

Definition of
Terms:

Head, H – the distance Crest of weir – the edge

between the liquid surface or top surface of a weir
and the crest of the weir, with which the flowing
measured before the liquid comes in contact.
drop-down curve.
 Contracted Weir – weirs
having sides sharp-edged,
so that the nappe is
contracted in width or
having end contractions,
either one end or two
ends.

Definition of
Terms:

Suppressed weir or full width weir

– weirs having its length L being
equal to the width of the channel so
that the nappe suffers no end
contractions.
 Q EgL it hut lotho

Theoreticaldischarge
Byorificetheory Ytheo FgH
Derivation of
Formula pL
velocity no Est Q Coy
HEn thu
RECTANGULAR WEIR R actualdischarge
day 4AUther
4QueLah Ight

xx y
Qt Fg
Lf hthx
 when issmall
huh O

hefty
Derivation of Q CQ
Formula Sergey
RECTANGULAR WEIR

Mcwlfatthikhoty
  FRANCIS FORMULA
 Weirs from 1.07m to 5.18m long and Heads from 180mm to 490mm.

𝐻 When:
𝐶𝑤 = 1.84 1 + 0.26
𝑑 𝐻 𝐶𝑤 = 1.84 (S.I. Units)
< 0.4
𝑃 𝐶𝑤 = 3.33 (English)
Standard Weir
Factor, Cw  REHBOCK & CHOW FORMULA
FORMULAS 𝐻
(S.I. Units)
𝐻
𝐶𝑤 = 1.80 + 0.22 𝐶𝑤 = 3.27 + 0.4 (English)
𝑃 𝑃

 BAZIN FORMULA
 Weirs of length from 0.5m to 2m under heads from 50mm to 600mm

0.02161 𝐻
𝐶𝑤 = 0.5518 3.248 + 1 + 0.55
𝐻 𝑑
  The effective length of a contracted weir is given by:

Contracted 𝐿 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡

Rectangular 𝑁 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1 𝑜𝑟 2)
𝐻 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Weirs
 AH H h ah

dQterghda
TaghElitch oh

Derivation of 49 14A
dQe Fg Hh n Jdh
Formula Y t
TRIANGULAR da Fgiaa Integrate
where approach
H
(V-NOTCH) WEIR dit xdh h'tdh
QE EgfIth
bysimilartriangles

I Fg it 3h 3h51
x Hh
 ForEqualInclinations

Lot tan
2Atant

Derivation of
o Q cryzittan E a

Formula QE Fg 171311 317 O Q

Fc Tagtan E H
TRIANGULAR
(V-NOTCH) WEIR Eg I ne
Qi Erg lit'd thermo
Actual Q CxQe
fÉ E
1
loE.ca nsa
É s
TRAPEZOIDAL
SHARP
CRESTED WEIR
(RECTANGULAR &
TRIANGULAR COMB.)

Where:
𝑏
𝑍= , 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 2
𝐻
 α

α = 75.96°
ϴ = 14.04°

CIPOLLETI
WEIR
(S.I. Units)

(English Units)