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• Wave : a disturbance that transfers energy. Carry energy from one place to
another.
• But Electromagnetic waves are disturbances that transfers energy through a field.
• Energy that moves in the form of EM waves is called radiation.
• Electromagnetic (EM) waves propagate through space and can propagate through
any medium.
• They are a natural phenomenon
• Virtually all energy exchange between the Earth and the rest of the Universe is by
EM radiation.
• EM waves is a set of two transverse waves that move perpendicular to each other.
(Electric and magnetic field). Transverse waves do NOT require a medium to travel.
• They are composed of changing electric and magnetic fields.
• Electromagnetic waves interact with matter. Some substance absorb EM waves,
some reflect and others transmit.
• EM waves has no mass , but carry energy and momentum.
• Predicted : James Maxwell in 1870.
• Proved : Hertz in 1888.
• Sun is the main source of EM waves and provides most of the energy for Earth.
• Stars also give out EM waves but mostly they don’t reach earth because of the
distance between the stars and earth.
• EM waves do not lose energy as they move so they can move for ever.
• They travel at constant speed, 300,000 km/sec in space.
• Sun rays take 8 min to reach Earth
• Light is a form of EM radiation (Maxwell)
• Created by vibrating electric charges.
• When electric charg vibrates, the electric field around it changes creating magnetic
field. The magnetic and electric field create each other again.
Imagine that the vector field F pictured below gives the velocity of some fluid flow.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSEJ4YLXtt8&t=222s
If the electric charge distribution is known, then
the electric field produced can be calculated.