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HE Lecture 7
HE Lecture 7
Ratnakar Swain
(M. Tech. & Ph.D., IIT KGP)
Asst. Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT Rourkela
Continues
Orificemeter: The Device which is used to measure rate of discharge in a pipe flow. It is used
only in liquid flow not in gas unlike in venturimeter which can be used for both liquid and gas.
A0 = area of orifice
A1, A2 = area of pipe at section 1 and 2
v1, v2 = Velocity of pipe at section 1 and 2
p1 , p2 = pressure of pipe at section 1 and 2
2
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Apply Bernoulli's equation between section-1 and 2
𝑽𝑽𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑽𝑽𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏
⇒ 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 (𝒉𝒉) = −
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐
Coefficient of contraction, 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 =
𝑨𝑨𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 =
𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨
𝟏𝟏 − 𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒄
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
3
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑸𝑸 = 𝑨𝑨𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 = 𝑨𝑨𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 = 𝑨𝑨𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨
𝟏𝟏 − 𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒄
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨
𝟏𝟏 − 𝟎𝟎 𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒄
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
Putting value of Cc 𝑪𝑪𝒄𝒄 = 𝑪𝑪𝒅𝒅
𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑨
𝟏𝟏 − 𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝑨𝟏𝟏
𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
⇒ 𝒉𝒉𝟎𝟎 +
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝒉𝒉𝒔𝒔
⇒ 𝒗𝒗 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐(𝒉𝒉𝒔𝒔 − 𝒉𝒉𝟎𝟎
⇒ 𝒗𝒗 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∆𝒉𝒉
Free jets: Flow of fluid from a nozzle with high velocity and Kinetic energy.
The force exerted by free jet on a stationary or moving plate is estimated using conservation
of momentum principle
6
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Impact of jet on a Stationary inclined plate
Since displacement is
zero, the work done=0
………….(1)
………….(2)
7
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Applying impulse momentum equation tangential to the plate:
……….…….(3)
𝑭𝑭𝒙𝒙 = 𝝆𝝆𝒂𝒂𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐
𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 = 𝟎𝟎
Since displacement is
Q1=Q2 zero, the work done=0
8
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Impact of jet on a moving inclined plate
Plate velocity=u