Reviewer in English 7

Distinguishing Text Types

Text Types
- are written for a variety of purposes using different forms and different composition

Factual Text types

1. Description
-to give a vivid description of the characteristics or factors or something
- brochures, character descriptions, biography

2. Discussion/Argument
- to argue one se of an argument or discuss both sides of an issue.
- debate, letter to the editor, formal letter of complaint, arguing for or against an idea, discussing issues

3. Persuasion
- to persuade or sway someone to do or believe in something
- an advertisement, a slogan or warning, a for sale notice, a shop sign

4. Procedural
- to instruct someone on how to do something or how something was done
- instructions, how to manuals, recipes, user guides

5. Recount
- to retell or recount an event or experience or series of events
- diary entry, witness statements, moment in time

Literary Genres (YT)

Genre
- refers to any works that share certain characteristics.

4 main Genres
1. Poetry
- written in lines and stanzas instead of sentences and paragraphs
- some poems follow strict rules
- many poems are much more free flowing
- figurative language

2. Epic Poetry
- long narrative poetry chronicling heroic deeds and serious subject matters

3. Fiction
- any work written in prose that is not real
- can also use figurative language
- more structured that poetry
- sentence and paragraphs
- usually broken into chapters
- proper punctuation and grammar

4. Non-fiction
- comes from real life
- journals, essays, biographies diaries and autobiographies

Using Appropriate oral language in Giving Instructions

- when you give instructions,, use imperatives

Imperative
- is a base verb that is used to give a command or order, requests, and even warnings and instructions.

Command/Order Request
Sit down. Please sit down.
Close the door Close the door, please.

* Imperatives can be used to warn someone from danger. an exclamation point can be used to end the
statement

Watch out – Watch out!

Run fast – Run fast!
Get out – Get out!

*Instructions can be given in affirmative or negative statements

Affirmative Negative
Go out Don’t go out
Climb the stairs Don’t climb the stairs
Cross the street Do nor cross the street

* Let’s (let us) – including yourself in the imperative

Let’s not (let us not) – excluding yourself

Homonyms and Polysemy

Homonyms
- are two unrelated words that sound alike or a re spelled alike but are sounded or pronounced
differently

Homophones
- two unrelated words that sound alike
- scent: a pleasant smell; cent: unit of money

Homographs
- are spelled alike but are sounded or pronounced differently
- bow [bau]: to bend the head or body; bow [bo]: weapon used to propel and arrow
Polysemy
- refers to words or phrases that give different but related meanings, and of which meanings may be
obvious or not
- water (noun): clear liquid that has no color and taste; water (verb): to pour water.

using Prepositions for Instructions

Preposition
- links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence.
- placed before the noun to show its relation to other words in a sentence
- is a word formed from the prefix
*pre - before
*posit – place

Examples
- to - from - with - by - for - on
- in - at - over - inside - near - off
- toward - within - without - among - around

Preposition of places
- on - before - above - down - near - outside
- underneath - beneath - after - on top - inside - in front
- between - over - behind - across - beside - below

Personal Essay
- is an essay based on personal experiences, opinions, feelings or emotions
- its tone can be serious, humorous, or sad

Elements
1. it is based on personal experiences
2. It is written in the first person POV (“I”)
3. it is autobiographical
4. It is subjective
5. It does not prove a point
6. It is an expression of ones personal feelings, thoughts and opinions.

Capsule biography
- includes important elements of a person life
- written by someone else
- short

Elements
1. Person’s name
2. Birth date
3. Birthplace
4. Names of Parents
5. Major achievements
6. Date of Death (if dead)
Biographical Sketch or Bio sketch
- short summary of a person’s life, achievement, character, publications and other important
information.
- highlights key achievements and events in a person’s life

Tips
1. Gather Information about the subject
2. Choose the information to include and discard
3. Support with facts if you want to emphasize a person’s specific quality
4. Write in the third person
5. Finish with clarity and confidence
6. Read, edit and revise your work