1.

Alcoholism is indeed a major problem in Kenya, and there is evidence to support this
claim. Here are some examples:
High prevalence rates: According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of alcohol
use disorders in Kenya is estimated to be around 9.7% among adults. This suggests that a
significant portion of the population is affected by alcoholism.
Increased alcohol consumption: There has been a significant increase in alcohol consumption
in Kenya in recent years, with alcohol sales increasing by 23% between 2011 and 2016.
Health problems: Alcoholism is associated with a range of health problems, including liver
disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In Kenya, alcohol-related liver disease is a major
cause of morbidity and mortality.
Social problems: Alcoholism can also lead to social problems such as family breakdown,
domestic violence, and crime. In Kenya, there have been reports of increased crime and violence
associated with alcohol abuse.
To address alcoholism in Kenya, here are some remedial measures that can be
implemented:
Public education campaigns: The government and other organizations can launch public
education campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of alcohol abuse and promote
responsible drinking.
Restricting access to alcohol: The government can restrict access to alcohol by enforcing laws
that prohibit the sale of alcohol to minors and limiting the number of alcohol outlets in certain
areas.
Increasing alcohol taxes: Increasing the taxes on alcohol can discourage excessive drinking and
generate revenue that can be used to fund alcoholism prevention and treatment programs.
Offering treatment and support: The government and other organizations can offer treatment
and support services for individuals struggling with alcoholism, including counseling, therapy,
and rehabilitation programs.
Encouraging responsible drinking: Bars and other alcohol outlets can promote responsible
drinking by offering non-alcoholic beverages and encouraging patrons to designate a sober
driver.
Enforcing laws and regulations: The government can enforce laws and regulations related to
alcohol use and abuse, such as laws prohibiting drunk driving and public intoxication.
Addressing social and economic issues: Addressing underlying social and economic issues,
such as poverty and unemployment, can help reduce the prevalence of alcoholism in Kenya by
addressing some of the root causes of alcohol abuse.
By implementing these remedial measures, Kenya can work towards reducing the impact of
alcoholism on its population and improving the health and well-being of its citizens.

2. Explain with the use of relevant examples the maxim. Disability is not inability

Inability" means you can't do something because you don't have the skills or knowledge to do
something, "disability" means you are not able to do something because of a physical or mental
problem. For example, I have an inability to speak Spanish, because I never learned the
language. Disability, on the other hand is part of the human condition; almost everyone will be
temporarily or permanently impaired at some point in life.
Stephen Hawking: He was a renowned physicist and cosmologist, despite being diagnosed with
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the age of 21. He continued his work in physics, published
several books, and made significant contributions to the scientific community.
Helen Keller: She was blind and deaf from an early age, but she didn't let her disabilities prevent
her from becoming an author, political activist, and lecturer. She learned to communicate using
sign language and became an advocate for people with disabilities.
Beethoven: He was deaf, but he continued to compose and conduct music. He even composed
some of his best-known works when he was almost completely deaf, such as his Ninth
Symphony.
Everyone has unique abilities: Each person, including those with disabilities, has unique
strengths and skills that can be leveraged to achieve their goals. For example, a person who uses
a wheelchair may have exceptional problem-solving skills, while a person who is deaf may be a
great visual thinker.
Accommodations can make a big difference: With the right accommodations and support,
people with disabilities can participate in activities and pursue careers just like anyone else. For
example, a person with a hearing impairment may be able to participate in a classroom or
meeting with the help of an interpreter or closed-captioning.
Disability is a natural part of human diversity: Disability is a natural part of the human
experience and should be embraced and celebrated as such. For example, many cultures have a
long history of valuing the contributions of people with disabilities, such as the deaf community
in the United States
Negative attitudes are the real barrier: The biggest barrier to success for people with
disabilities is not the disability itself, but negative attitudes and stereotypes about disability. For
example, assuming that a person with a physical disability cannot perform a job that requires
physical labor.
People with disabilities can be highly successful: Many highly successful people have
disabilities and have achieved great things in their careers and personal lives. For example,
Marlee Matlin is an Oscar-winning actress who is deaf, and Stevie Wonder is a Grammy-
winning musician who is blind.
Accessibility benefits everyone: Making accommodations and removing barriers for people
with disabilities benefits everyone, not just those with disabilities. For example, captioning on
videos can benefit people who are not fluent in the language, and curb cuts in sidewalks can
benefit parents pushing strollers.
Education is key: Education and awareness are key to changing negative attitudes and
promoting inclusivity for people with disabilities. For example, teaching students about disability
rights and history in schools can help break down stereotypes and foster understanding and
empathy.
People with disabilities are valuable members of society: People with disabilities have a lot to
contribute to society and should be valued and included as full members of their communities.
For example, people with disabilities may have unique perspectives and insights that can enrich
organizations and communities.
3. Samuel has been admitted to a course leading to Bachelor of Arts in social work at Moi
University. Advice Samuel why he should be careful in choosing his friends at the
university
Samuel should be careful in choosing his friends at university because the people he surrounds
himself with can have a significant impact on his academic performance and personal
development. Here are some reasons why:
Academic influence: The friends Samuel chooses can have an impact on his academic success.
For example, if he chooses to hang out with friends who prioritize partying and socializing over
studying, he may be influenced to do the same, which could negatively impact his grades.
Personal development: The friends Samuel chooses can also impact his personal development.
For example, if he chooses friends who are supportive, ambitious, and goal-oriented, they may
encourage him to strive for success and personal growth.
Networking: The friends Samuel chooses can also impact his networking opportunities. For
example, if he chooses friends who are involved in extracurricular activities or have connections
in his field of study, they may be able to provide him with valuable networking opportunities that
can help him in his future career.
Reputation: The friends Samuel chooses can also impact his reputation on campus. For
example, if he chooses friends who engage in questionable behavior, he may be associated with
that behavior, even if he does not participate in it himself.
Friends affect mental health: The people we associate with can also have an impact on our
mental health. If Samuel spends time with people who are negative or unsupportive, he may
experience increased stress and anxiety.
Friends can impact future opportunities: The people we associate with can also have an
impact on our future opportunities. If Samuel associates with people who engage in criminal
activity or have a negative reputation, he may be viewed in a negative light by potential
employers or graduate schools.
Different values and goals: It's important for Samuel to choose friends who share his values and
goals. If his friends have different priorities or values, it may lead to conflicts or tension in their
friendship.
Emotional well-being: The people we surround ourselves with can impact our emotional well-
being. Being friends with people who are negative or unsupportive can be draining and
negatively impact Samuel's mental health.
Safety: Lastly, it's important for Samuel to prioritize his safety when choosing friends. Being
friends with people who engage in risky or dangerous behavior could put him in harm's way.
Encourage Samuel to prioritize his safety and well-being when making friends at university.
4. The court plays key role of adjudication in the criminal justice system. Imagine that you
have been asked to attend a hearing in the children's court. Identify the professional
present and in each case discuss the roles and functions

1. Child protection officer: The child protection officer is responsible for investigating
allegations of child abuse or neglect, and ensuring that the child is protected from harm. Their
role is to provide evidence and make recommendations to the court.
The role of a Child Protection Officer (CPO) in the Children's Court is to safeguard the welfare
of children who may have been subjected to neglect, abuse, or exploitation. The CPO is
responsible for investigating allegations of child abuse, and for ensuring that the child is
protected from further harm.
In the Children's Court, the CPO may have the following roles:
Conducting investigations: The CPO is responsible for investigating allegations of child abuse,
neglect or exploitation, and collecting evidence to support their findings. They may interview the
child, family members, and other individuals who may have relevant information about the case.
Preparing reports: Based on the findings of their investigation, the CPO prepares reports that
are submitted to the court. These reports include recommendations on the best course of action to
protect the child's welfare.
Providing evidence in court: The CPO may be required to provide evidence in court about their
investigation and their recommendations. They may be called upon to testify in court about their
findings.
Supporting the child: The CPO provides support to the child and their family throughout the
court proceedings. They ensure that the child's welfare is a priority and that the child is protected
from harm.
Monitoring court orders: If the court makes an order to protect the child, such as placing the
child in foster care or requiring the parent to attend parenting classes, the CPO monitors
compliance with the order. They ensure that the child's welfare is being safeguarded and that the
court's order is being followed.

2. Social worker: The social worker provides support to the child and the family. Their role is to
assess the child's needs and provide recommendations to the court on what services may be
required to support the child.
Roles of a social worker in children's court hearing
In the context of a Children's Court hearing, a social worker may have several roles and
responsibilities. These include:
Conducting assessments: Social workers are responsible for assessing the child's needs,
strengths, and risks. This involves conducting interviews with the child and their family
members, reviewing case files and medical records, and consulting with other professionals
involved in the case.
Developing treatment plans: Based on their assessment, social workers develop treatment plans
that are tailored to meet the needs of the child and their family. The treatment plan may include
services such as counseling, therapy, or other interventions.
Providing support: Social workers provide ongoing support to the child and their family
throughout the court proceedings. This may involve connecting them with community resources,
helping them navigate the legal system, and providing emotional support.
Testifying in court: Social workers may be called to testify in court about their assessment,
treatment plan, and the progress of the child and their family. They may also provide
recommendations to the court about the best course of action to ensure the safety and well-being
of the child.
Coordinating services: Social workers are responsible for coordinating services and resources
for the child and their family. This includes working with other professionals involved in the
case, such as child protection officers, lawyers, and probation officers.
Monitoring progress: Social workers monitor the progress of the child and their family and
make adjustments to the treatment plan as needed. They also ensure that the court's orders are
being followed and that the child's welfare is being protected.
3.Probation officer: The probation officer assesses the child's risk of reoffending and provides
recommendations to the court on what interventions may be required to reduce that risk.
Roles of a Probation officer in children's court hearings.
Probation officers play a crucial role in children's court hearings, and their responsibilities may
include the following:
Conducting pre-sentence investigations: Probation officers are responsible for conducting pre-
sentence investigations and assessments of children who are found guilty of committing a crime.
These investigations include gathering information about the child's history, family background,
education, and mental health status.
Preparing pre-sentence reports: Based on their investigation, probation officers prepare pre-
sentence reports that include information about the child's background and offense, as well as
recommendations for the court regarding the appropriate sentence.
Supervising probation: Probation officers supervise children who have been placed on
probation as part of their sentence. This may involve regular meetings with the child and their
family, monitoring compliance with court orders, and providing guidance and support.
Recommending rehabilitative programs: Probation officers may recommend rehabilitative
programs and services for children who have been involved in the criminal justice system. These
programs may include counseling, therapy, education, or job training.
Testifying in court: Probation officers may be called to testify in court about the child's progress
while on probation or their compliance with court orders.
Ensuring compliance with court orders: Probation officers are responsible for ensuring that
the child complies with all court orders, including completing community service, attending
school, and participating in rehabilitative programs.
Monitoring community safety: Probation officers are also responsible for monitoring the child's
behavior and ensuring that they do not pose a risk to the community. This may involve
coordinating with other agencies or community organizations to provide support and guidance to
the child and their family.

4.Medical professional: The medical professional may provide evidence on the child's health or
any medical issues related to the case.
Roles of a Medical professional in children’s court hearings
Medical professionals may play a role in children's court hearings in several ways:
Providing medical evaluations: Medical professionals may be called upon to evaluate a child's
physical or mental health status, including any injuries sustained as a result of abuse or neglect.
Providing expert testimony: Medical professionals may be asked to provide expert testimony in
court regarding a child's medical condition, treatment, or prognosis.
Assessing the impact of trauma: Medical professionals may assess the impact of trauma on a
child's physical and mental health, including any long-term effects that may require ongoing
medical care or support.
Advocating for the child's health and well-being: Medical professionals may advocate for the
child's health and well-being, including providing recommendations for medical treatment or
interventions that may be necessary to address any medical issues.
Providing support to the child and their family: Medical professionals may provide support and
guidance to the child and their family, including referrals to appropriate medical and mental
health services.
Providing input for treatment planning: Medical professionals may provide input into treatment
planning, including recommendations for therapeutic interventions or medications that may be
necessary to address any medical or mental health issues.

5.Children's Court magistrates: These are judicial officers who preside over Children's Court
cases and make decisions based on the best interests of the child.
Role of Children's Court magistrates in a court hearing
Children's Court magistrates play a critical role in a court hearing involving a child. Their
primary responsibility is to ensure that the legal rights and best interests of the child are protected
throughout the legal process. Some of the specific roles and responsibilities of a Children's Court
magistrate in a court hearing may include:
Presiding over the hearing: The magistrate is responsible for presiding over the hearing and
ensuring that the proceedings are conducted fairly and impartially.
Adjudicating the case: The magistrate will hear evidence presented by the parties involved in the
case and make a determination based on the evidence presented.
Ensuring that the child's rights are protected: The magistrate is responsible for ensuring that the
child's legal rights are protected throughout the legal process. This includes ensuring that the
child is provided with legal representation and that they are able to participate in the proceedings
to the extent possible.
Determining the appropriate disposition: If the child is found to be in need of care and
protection, the magistrate is responsible for determining the appropriate disposition, which may
include placement with a family member, foster care, or other protective arrangements.
Monitoring the case: The magistrate may be responsible for monitoring the case over time,
including reviewing the child's progress and ensuring that the disposition remains appropriate.
Collaborating with other professionals: The magistrate may work closely with other
professionals involved in the case, such as social workers, probation officers, and attorneys, to
ensure that the child's legal and social needs are being met.
6. Children’s Court clerks: These are court staff who provide administrative support to the
Children's Court, such as managing court files and scheduling court appearances.
Children's Court clerks play an important role in court hearings involving children. Their
primary responsibility is to provide administrative and organizational support to the court, which
allows the court to operate efficiently and effectively. Some of the specific roles and
responsibilities of Children's Court clerks in court hearings may include:
Case management: Children's Court clerks are responsible for managing the court's caseload
and ensuring that all necessary paperwork is filed and organized appropriately.
Record-keeping: The clerk is responsible for maintaining accurate records of all court
proceedings and decisions, including minutes of meetings, transcripts of testimony, and other
relevant documentation.
Schedule management: The clerk is responsible for scheduling court appearances, notifying
parties of court dates, and coordinating with other professionals involved in the case.
Courtroom support: Children's Court clerks may assist the magistrate and other professionals
during court hearings, providing administrative and logistical support as needed.
Communication: The clerk is responsible for communicating with parties involved in the case,
including attorneys, social workers, probation officers, and other professionals, to ensure that
everyone has the information they need to participate effectively in the proceedings.
Compliance: The clerk is responsible for ensuring that all court orders and decisions are
properly implemented and complied with, including arranging for services such as counseling or
medical treatment as needed.
Paper 2.
1. Youths in the society are becoming increasingly involved in the use and abuse of drugs.
Discuss seven of the numerous reasons that explain these behaviors.
Eight reasons why youths are widely abusing drugs
There are many reasons why young people abuse drugs, and it is often a complex interplay of
factors that contribute to this behavior. Here are eight possible reasons why youths may be
widely abusing drugs:
Peer pressure: Adolescents are highly influenced by their peers, and may use drugs to fit in or
be accepted by their social group.
Stress: Young people face a lot of stress, such as academic pressures, family conflict, and social
isolation. They may turn to drugs as a way to cope with this stress.
Trauma: Experiencing trauma or abuse can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and other
mental health issues, which may increase the risk of drug abuse.
Boredom: Young people who lack engaging and stimulating activities in their lives may turn to
drugs as a way to fill the void.
 Low self-esteem: Adolescents who struggle with low self-esteem or self-worth may use drugs to
feel more confident or to escape from their negative thoughts and feelings.
Accessibility: Many drugs are readily available and easy for young people to obtain, making it
more likely that they will experiment with them.
Family history: Having a family history of drug or alcohol abuse can increase the likelihood
that a young person will also develop a substance use disorder.
Lack of education: A lack of education and information about drugs and their potential harms
may contribute to increased drug use among young people.
It is important to note that there is no single cause of drug abuse, and each individual may have
their own unique combination of factors that contribute to this behavior. Addressing the
underlying issues and providing appropriate support and interventions can help reduce the
likelihood of drug abuse and promote healthier behaviors.
The factors contributing to drug abuse by the youth included peer pressure, unemployment/
idleness, desire for adventure, presence of carefree parents and ease of access of drugs.
2. Alcoholic ANONYMOUS is widely accepted as one of the treatment approaches that
have the best chance of helping an alcoholic. List and briefly discuss the 12 steps of AA that
lead to Alcoholic recovery.
12 STEPS OF AA EXPLAINED
12 STEPS OF AA EXPLAINED
1. Admit that you are powerless over alcohol and that your life has become unmanageable: This
step requires an admission of powerlessness over alcohol and the recognition that alcohol has
made your life unmanageable. It involves acknowledging the negative impact of alcohol on your
life and accepting the need for help.
2. Believe that a power greater than yourself can help restore you to sanity: This step involves
developing a belief in a higher power or God that can help restore sanity and provide guidance in
the recovery process.
3. Make a decision to turn your will and your life over to the care of God (or a higher power) as
you understand it: This step involves making a conscious decision to surrender control of your
life to a higher power and to seek guidance and support from that power.
4. Make a searching and fearless moral inventory of yourself: This step involves a self-assessment
of your behavior, attitudes, and actions related to alcohol use. It requires honesty and willingness
to confront the negative aspects of your life.
5. Admit to God, to yourself, and to another human being the exact nature of your wrongs: This
step involves sharing your inventory with a trusted person, such as a sponsor, and acknowledging
your mistakes and wrongdoings related to alcohol.
6. Be entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character: This step requires a
willingness to let go of negative character traits and behaviors that have contributed to alcohol
addiction.
7. Humbly ask Him to remove your shortcomings: This step involves asking a higher power to help
remove the negative character traits and behaviors identified in step 6.
8. Make a list of all persons you have harmed and become willing to make amends to them all: This
step involves identifying individuals who have been hurt or harmed by your behavior related to
alcohol and making a commitment to seek forgiveness and make amends.
9. Make direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them
or others: This step involves making direct amends to the individuals identified in step 8, except
when doing so would cause further harm.
10. Continue to take personal inventory and when you are wrong promptly admit it: This step
involves ongoing self-assessment and the willingness to admit and take responsibility for
mistakes and shortcomings related to alcohol.
11. Seek through prayer and meditation to improve your conscious contact with God, as you
understand Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for you and the power to carry that out:
This step involves continued spiritual growth and seeking guidance from a higher power through
prayer and meditation.
12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, try to carry this message to
alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all your affairs: This step involves sharing the
message of recovery with others and practicing the principles of the 12 steps in all aspects of life.
3. List and describe five developmental disabilities that social workers encounter in their
practices with persons with disability.
Developmental disabilities
Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions that impair a person's cognitive, physical, or
emotional development. These disabilities manifest in childhood and continue throughout the
individual's life. They can affect a person's ability to learn, communicate, and perform daily
activities. Some common developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder,
intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD is a developmental disability that affects social
interaction, communication, and behavior. People with ASD may have difficulty with verbal and
nonverbal communication, struggle with social interactions, and exhibit repetitive behaviors or
specific interests. Social workers who work with individuals with ASD may provide support for
communication, social skills development, and behavior management.

Intellectual Disability (ID): ID is a cognitive disability that affects an individual's ability to

learn and process information. People with ID have an IQ below 70 and may struggle with
communication, daily living skills, and social interactions. Social workers who work with
individuals with ID may provide support for education, job training, and independent living
skills.

Cerebral Palsy (CP): CP is a motor disability that affects movement and posture. People with
CP may have difficulty with muscle coordination, movement, and balance. Social workers who
work with individuals with CP may provide support for physical therapy, adaptive equipment,
and access to resources for mobility and transportation.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. People
with Down syndrome have physical characteristics such as a flattened facial profile, upward
 slanting eyes, and a small head. They may also have intellectual disability, delayed development,
and health problems such as heart defects and hearing loss.

Developmental disabilities can have a significant impact on an individual's life, as well as on

their families and communities. People with developmental disabilities may require additional
support and accommodations to participate fully in society. Social workers, healthcare
professionals, and other service providers work to provide resources, advocacy, and services to
improve the lives of individuals with developmental disabilities.
4. Role of social workers while dealing with people who have developmental disabilities
Social workers play a crucial role in supporting individuals with developmental disabilities by
providing various services and support that can improve their quality of life. Here are some roles
that social workers may perform while dealing with people who have developmental disabilities:

1. Assessment: Social workers conduct comprehensive assessments to understand the individual's

strengths, needs, and goals. They may use various assessment tools and techniques to gather
information about the individual's intellectual and functional abilities, social skills, and
behavioral patterns.
2. Service Planning: Based on the assessment, social workers develop an individualized service
plan that outlines specific goals, services, and interventions to support the individual's needs.
They collaborate with the individual, their family members, and other service providers to
develop a plan that addresses the individual's unique needs and preferences.
3. Advocacy: Social workers advocate for the rights and needs of individuals with developmental
disabilities. They work to ensure that the individual's rights are protected, and they have access
to necessary resources, services, and support. They may also advocate for policy changes and
systemic improvements to support the needs of the broader community of individuals with
developmental disabilities.
4. Coordination: Social workers coordinate with other service providers, such as healthcare
professionals, educators, and community resources, to ensure that the individual receives the
necessary services and support. They may facilitate communication and collaboration among
providers to ensure that the services are integrated and coordinated.
5. Counseling: Social workers provide counseling and emotional support to individuals with
developmental disabilities and their families. They may help individuals develop coping skills
and strategies to manage their emotions, improve their communication skills, and build healthy
relationships.
6. Community Integration: Social workers support individuals with developmental disabilities to
participate in the community and engage in meaningful activities. They may help individuals’
access community resources, such as social clubs, recreational activities, and employment
opportunities that can improve their social skills and quality of life.
7. Case Management: Social workers perform case management tasks, such as monitoring
progress, coordinating services, and ensuring that the individual's needs are being met. They may
also provide ongoing support and follow-up to ensure that the individual's goals are achieved.

Overall, social workers play a vital role in supporting individuals with developmental disabilities
and their families. They work to ensure that individuals with developmental disabilities have
access to necessary resources, services, and support that can improve their quality of life and
promote their well-being.

5. Professional social work practice is anchored on six core values. List these core values
and illustrate how you apply them in your social work practice.
The six core values of social work practice are:
Service: Social workers provide help and support to individuals, groups, and communities in
need. This can include connecting clients to resources, providing counseling, advocating for
policy changes, and more.
Social Justice: Social workers strive to promote fairness and equality in society and work to
eliminate discrimination and oppression. They work to empower marginalized groups and
advocate for social change.
Dignity and Worth of the Person: Social workers respect the inherent value of each person and
work to enhance their well-being. They promote self-determination, encourage clients to exercise
their rights, and provide culturally sensitive and inclusive services.
Importance of Human Relationships: Social workers recognize the significance of
relationships in the lives of individuals, families, and communities. They work to strengthen
relationships and create positive social connections.
Integrity: Social workers are expected to maintain high standards of honesty and ethical
behavior in their professional practice. They uphold confidentiality and avoid conflicts of
interest.
Competence: Social workers strive to continually enhance their knowledge and skills in their
professional practice. They engage in ongoing learning, seek out supervision and consultation,
and practice within their areas of expertise.
In my social work practice, I apply these core values by:
1. Providing services that are respectful and responsive to the unique needs and preferences of
each client.
2. Advocating for policies and practices that promote social justice and equal access to resources.
3. Recognizing the inherent worth and dignity of each person, and working to empower clients to
achieve their goals.
4. Building positive relationships with clients, colleagues, and community members to promote
healing and growth.
5. Maintaining high ethical standards in my work, including confidentiality, informed consent,
and avoiding conflicts of interest.
Continuously developing my skills and knowledge to ensure that I am providing the most
effective and evidence-based interventions to my clients.
 6. Five broad components of social welfare policies that social workers need to explore in order
to understand any policy
There are several broad components of social welfare policies that social workers need to explore
in order to understand any policy. These include:

1. Goals and Objectives: Social welfare policies are typically created to address specific social
problems, such as poverty, healthcare, or education. Social workers need to understand the goals
and objectives of the policy to be able to assess its effectiveness and impact.
2. Eligibility and Access: Social welfare policies typically specify who is eligible to receive
benefits or services and how to access them. Social workers need to be aware of these eligibility
criteria and access requirements to be able to assist their clients in accessing services.
3. Funding and Resources: Social welfare policies require resources, such as funding, personnel,
and infrastructure, to be effective. Social workers need to understand the funding and resource
requirements of policies to be able to advocate for adequate resources and to assist clients in
accessing services.
4. Implementation and Evaluation: Social welfare policies need to be implemented effectively to
achieve their goals. Social workers need to understand the implementation and evaluation
strategies of policies to assess their impact and advocate for improvements where necessary.
5. Legal and Regulatory Framework: Social welfare policies are governed by laws and regulations,
which social workers need to be aware of to ensure that they are providing services in
compliance with the legal and regulatory framework. Social workers also need to be aware of the
legal and regulatory frameworks to advocate for changes or improvements to policies.