Revision of paper

Literature(law)
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8435 – AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT OF 1997

The State shall encourage industrialization and full employment on the basis of solid agricultural
development and agrarian reform, through industries that utilize all available human and natural
resources effectively, are competitive in both domestic and international markets. All economic sectors
and geographical areas of the nation must be given the best possible chance to grow in order to achieve
these objectives. The ownership base of private businesses, including corporations, cooperatives, and
similar collective organizations, shall be widened.

https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/afma.pdf

Republic Act No. 10601 - Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Law

The policy acknowledges the necessity of giving adequate agricultural machinery and other agricultural
mechanization technologies top priority in order to advance agricultural mechanization in the nation.
This will be accomplished by the creation, adoption, assembly, and Utilizing human, animal, mechanical,
electrical, renewable, and other non-conventional sources of energy, appropriate, location-specific, and
economically viable agricultural and fishing technology is made and used for agricultural production,
postharvest, and postproduction operations that are in accordance with agronomic guidelines and for
the efficient and cost-effective management of farms and fisheries in the direction of modernizing
agriculture and fisheries.

The research, development, and extension (RDE) of agricultural and fishery machinery and equipment is
included in this policy, as well as promotion, distribution, supply, assembly, production, regulation,
usage, operation, maintenance, and project implementation. In particular, the policy encourages the
creation and use of cutting-edge agricultural and fishery gear and equipment to boost farm productivity
and efficiency, ensure the safety and security of the food produced, and boost farmers' income. Create
an environment that is favorable for the local assembling and manufacturing of engines, machinery, and
equipment for the production, processing, and selling of agricultural and fisheries products.

Strengthening regulation through the creation and enforcement of machinery and machine
performance standards, regular testing and evaluation, registration, and the accreditation and
classification of suppliers, assemblers, and manufacturers to ensure compliance with established quality
standards will help to ensure the quality and safety of machinery and equipment that is locally produced
or imported. Enhance the delivery of integrated support services to farmers and fisherfolk; unify,
rationalize, and strengthen the implementation of activities and mechanisms on agricultural and
fisheries mechanization programs and projects; and strengthen support services such as credit faculties,
research, training, and extension programs, rural infrastructures, postharvest facilities, and marketing
services. With other stakeholders, and help them so they can successfully operate and manage their
initiatives to mechanize agriculture and fisheries.

https://ati2.da.gov.ph/ati-main/content/sites/default/files/users/user12/11.%20Republic%20Act
%20No.%2010601--Republic%20Act%20No.%2010601.pdf
 Policy
OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews, Agricultural Policies in the Philippines

Strengthening regulation through the creation and enforcement of machinery and machine
performance standards, regular testing and evaluation, registration, and the accreditation and
classification of suppliers, assemblers, and manufacturers to ensure compliance with established quality
standards will help to ensure the quality and safety of machinery and equipment that is locally produced
or imported. Enhance the delivery of integrated support services to farmers and fisherfolk; unify,
rationalize, and strengthen the implementation of activities and mechanisms on agricultural and
fisheries mechanization programs and projects; and strengthen support services such as credit faculties,
research, training, and extension programs, rural infrastructures, postharvest facilities, and marketing
services. With other stakeholders, and help them so they can successfully operate and manage their
initiatives to mechanize agriculture and fisheries.

Farmers in the Philippines must actively adapt to shifting weather patterns and create a variety of coping
mechanisms to deal with catastrophic events because they are the group that stands to suffer the most
from climate change. Failure to do so will have a detrimental impact on their wellbeing and make them
more susceptible to the consequences of climate change. More intense and frequent extreme events in
particular could exacerbate or establish the poverty trap. Farmers' capacity to make adaptive decisions
is influenced by three factors: their socioeconomic standing, timely, well-tailored information, and, most
importantly, the supportive environment created by governments.

The Philippine government is dedicated to encouraging adaptation on various fronts, and it has had
some success in doing so. Farmers and government officials are becoming more aware of the effects of
climate change, and the nation is moving toward a comprehensive adaptation strategy. However, there
are two major obstacles that must be overcome for this vision to be effectively implemented:
coordination between government departments and between the national and local levels of
government, as well as priority alignment across policies and among various governing bodies.

The Philippines has participated in various global projects since the late 2000s and has made numerous
attempts to adapt to climate change. The Philippines ratified the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, which has substantial worldwide implications. On the Philippines'
long-term internal policy, this had a significant effect.

Since 2007, when a task force on global warming was established, explicit climate change adaptation
measures have increased at the national level. The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
(NFSCC), the 2011-2028 National Climate Change Action Plan, and the Climate Change Law were all
adopted in the Philippines in 2009. (NCCAP).

The NCCAP establishes general directions for action as well as objectives and priorities connected to the
climate, but it does not specify the specific actions to be implemented to improve farmers' capacity for
adaptation. The NFSCC states that the Philippines climate policy intends to maximize mitigation
potential for sustainable development, strengthen the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate
change, and build the adaptive capacity of communities. The Philippine agricultural sector's top strategic
concern at the moment is thought to be food security.
Strategic priorities for the National Climate Change Action Plan for 2011

food security, water self-sufficiency, environmental and ecological stability, human security, sustainable
energy, climate-smart industries and services, knowledge and capacity development.
 Parameters of crops
strawberry
temperature – ideal range is 20 – 29 oC

Day-neutral strawberries will flower and set strawberries whenever the temperature is in the range of
200C to 290C (350F to 850F). 290C is considered the upper limit at which day-neutral strawberries will
produce flowers. When temperatures descend gradually the plant can tolerate even temperatures as
low as -60C (210F), but it will die when temperatures fall to -120C (100F).

Plants arrangement – should be 45 – 75 cm (18 – 30 inches) ‘matted row system’

https://www.haifa-group.com/crop-guide/vegetables/strawberry-fertilizer/crop-guide-growing-
strawberry

Soil temperature – ideal temperature is between 60 – 80 degrees Fahrenheit

The ideal soil temperature for planting strawberries is between 60-80 degrees Fahrenheit. If the soil
temperature is too cold, the strawberries will not germinate. If the soil temperature is too hot, the
strawberries will not produce fruit.

https://www.scgardenguru.com/2022/10/16/the-ideal-soil-temperature-for-planting-strawberries/
#:~:text=The%20ideal%20soil%20temperature%20for%20planting%20strawberries%20is,too%20hot%2C
%20the%20strawberries%20will%20not%20produce%20fruit.

Romaine lettuce
Temperature – the ideal is range is 60 – 86 degrees Fahrenheit (16 – 30 oC), after the development or
germination the ideal temperature for growing romaine lettuce is 55 – 65 degrees Fahrenheit (13 – 18
O
C)

The ideal temperature range for lettuce seed germination is 60 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (16 to 30
degrees Celsius). After germination, the ideal temperature for growing lettuce is 55 to 65 degrees
Fahrenheit (13 to 18 degrees Celsius).

https://greenupside.com/what-is-the-best-temperature-for-growing-lettuce-3-tips/

Soil temperature - Ideally the soil will be between 55 °F (13 °C) and 65 °F (18 °C).

Your lettuce will need plenty of sun, and the soil should be moist, well drained, nutrient rich, and be
above 40 °F (4 °C). You can grow Romaine in a pot, a planter, or in the ground, so store-bought or
garden soil will both work just fine.

https://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Romaine-Lettuce#:~:text=Your%20lettuce%20will%20need%20plenty
%20of%20sun%2C%20and,or%20garden%20soil%20will%20both%20work%20just%20fine.
Plant arrangement

For crisped varieties of romaine lettuce, transplants should be spaced 12 inches apart in rows that are 18
inches apart. For other varieties of romaine lettuce, transplants should be spaced about 6 to 10 inches
apart in rows that are about 12 to 18 inches apart.

https://gardenbeast.com/how-to-grow-romaine-lettuce/#:~:text=For%20crispead%20varieties%20of
%20romaine%20lettuce%2C%20transplants%20should,that%20are%20about%2012%20to
%2018%20inches%20apart.

Broccoli
Temperature - 60 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit

The optimum cool temperatures recommended for broccoli are 60 to 79 degrees

Fahrenheit (16-26 degrees Celsius). Any reading below 26 degrees Fahrenheit (-3 degrees
Celsius), the plant won’t survive.

https://plantophiles.com/gardening/how-cold-can-broccoli-tolerate/#:~:text=The%20optimum%20cool
%20temperatures%20recommended%20for%20broccoli%20are,Fahrenheit%20%28-3%20degrees
%20Celsius%29%2C%20the%20plant%20won%E2%80%99t%20survive.

Soil temperature - Between 15.5 and 18°C (60–65°F)

Broccoli grows best in moist, fertile soil with a slightly acidic pH between 6.0 and 7.0 and at
temperatures between 15.5 and 18°C (60–65°F).

https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/broccoli/infos

plant arrangement - should be 18 inches apart.

Generally, broccoli plants should be 18 inches apart. If planted in rows, space rows 24 inches apart to
give yourself enough room to walk between them, but you can plant two or three abreast in a row to
minimize aisle space.

https://bonnieplants.com/blogs/how-to-grow/growing-broccoli#:~:text=Generally%2C%20broccoli
%20plants%20should%20be%2018%20inches%20apart.,abreast%20in%20a%20row%20to%20minimize
%20aisle%20space.