CAFFEINE DEPENDENCY AND ITS PERCEIVED EFFECTS TO MEMORY

RECALL, CONCENTRATION SKILLS, AND ANXIETY LEVEL

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the MSU Marawi – Senior High School
Mindanao State University
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfilment
Of the requirements for the course
Research Project

ISAH M. BASHER
MOHAMMAD RIZA B. LIMGAS
FAYZAH INSHIRAH COSNA A. ALA
YASMIRAH M. MACAMIMIS
SOMAYYA M. ANSARY
NADIAH D. RADIALAOT
SITTIE MARIAM M. MACARAMBON

May 2022
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

People like coffee because it gives them the illusion that they might be awake.

Caffeine is addictive because of the way that the drug affects the human brain and

produces the alert feeling that people crave. Soon after Caffeine is consumed, it has

absorbed through the small intestine and dissolved into the bloodstream. Because the

chemical is, both water and fat-soluble, it is able to infiltrate the blood-brain barrier and

enter the brain.

In people who drink Caffeine regularly, the brain’s chemistry and physical

characteristics actually change over time. The brain cells will begin to grow more

adenosine receptors in an attempt to maintain equilibrium. This is how tolerance to

Caffeine develops; because the brain has more adenosine receptors, it takes more

Caffeine to block a significant proportion of them and achieve the same desired effect.

Caffeine dependence is more about the way the substance affects day-to-day

functioning than it is about the actual amount consumed each day. There is no specific

number of cups, or milligrams of caffeine, per day that signifies a problem; instead, it is

more about how distressed people feel if they cannot get caffeine when they want it, and

how much of a disruption it causes in their daily life.

Most experts recommend that adults consume no more than 400 milligrams of

caffeine per day (approximately the amount in four cups of coffee). If you regularly drink

more than that, you may be at risk of side effects including sleep disorder, migraines and
other headaches, quickened heartbeat, muscle tremors, irritability, nervousness and an

upset stomach, according to the Mayo Clinic.

As caffeine consumption imposes harms and benefits to its consumers, the results

of an increase in caffeine intake to the point of caffeine dependency is what triggered the

conduction of this study. In line with the status quo of regular caffeine intake, the

researchers deemed it interesting to further study the effects of caffeine dependency

towards the mental behaviour of the MSU- Marawi Students.

Thus, in the light of the stated facts along with the initiative of the researchers,

this study aims to further understand what caffeine dependency is and how it correlates to

the mental behaviour of its consumers in terms of their memory recall, concentration

skills, and their anxiety level. Specifically, these target consumers are the enrolled

students in Mindanao State University-Marawi this school year 2021-2022, for their

likeliness of being exposed to caffeine consumption.

Theoretical Framework of the Study

Theory of Samoggia (2019)

Accordingly, as found in his study conducted in 2019 coffee contributes to the

daily intake of dietary antioxidants, more than tea, fruit, and vegetables. A screening of

the most consumed beverages for their bioactive non-nutrient contents identified instant

coffee as the beverage with the highest total biophenol content. Two other studies

observed coffee to be the beverage with the highest total antioxidant capacity as

compared to others like green and black tea and herbal infusions. The biochemical

composition of a cup of coffee depends on the degree of roasting, the type of bean

(Arabica versus Robusta), and the coffee brewing method, including grind type.

Naturally occurring purine alkaloid compound in coffee beans is caffeine. Its

mechanism of action is associated with the antagonistic effect of adenosine receptors.

Opposing behaviour of adenosine represents the stimulatory outcomes after coffee

consumption including minute enhancement in blood pressure and diuresis also having

spontaneous stimulation on nervous system and metabolic rate. Small intestine is

responsible for absorption of caffeine, and it distribute very rapidly in all tissue of body.

Primarily caffeine is metabolized in liver with the help of cytochrome-P450 1A2

(CYP1A2), which is responsible for its 94% metabolism. (Spiller MA 2016).

Conceptual Framework

Considering the theoretical discussions previously, it is indeed an important deal

to determine the correlation of caffeine consumption to consumer’s mental behaviour in

terms of memory recall, concentration skills, and anxiety level. Theory of Samoggia

conceptualize that there’s a purine alkaloid compound in coffee beans which is called

caffeine that represents the stimulatory outcomes after coffee consumption including

minute enhancement in blood pressure and diuresis also having spontaneous stimulation

on nervous system and metabolic rate.

This study, thus, focuses only on the perception of the respondents of their

caffeine consumption and its effect to their mental behaviour.

Schematic Diagram

Respondent’s
mental behaviour:
Age
 Memory
Caffeine
Gender recall
consumption  Concentration
Year level skills
 Anxiety level

Figure 1. A Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

Statement of the Problem

 This study aimed to identify caffeine dependency and its correlation to memory

recall, concentration skills and anxiety level. Specifically, it sought to answer the

following questions.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Gender;

b. Age;

c. Year level;

d. Number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day; and

e. Time of consumption of caffeine-containing drinks?

2. What is the caffeine consumption of the respondents?

3. What is the respondents’ perception on the possible reasons that may cause

caffeine dependency?

4. What is the respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency and

consumption affects their memory recall, concentration skills and their anxiety

level?

5. What is the respondents’ perception on the potential risks resulting from the

increase in caffeine consumption?

Scope and Limitation of the Study

 This study mainly focuses on the primary factors of coffee dependency and what

are the respondents’ perceived effects to their memory recall, concentration skills and

anxiety level of students. The population of this study are the 100 randomly selected

students.

This study is purely descriptive quantitative research design. Thus, it aimed to

only describe the data collected from the survey done. No experiment and observation

were done. The data are limited to the perception of the respondents as manifested by

their responses on the survey.

Significance of the Study

This study provided insights into the effects of caffeine dependency to memory

recall, concentration skills and anxiety level. It further discussed the potential risks of

intaking caffeine daily and the alternative solutions to people who depend on coffee. The

result of the study merits the following:

Community. It will give awareness to the community about the bad effects of

coffee to their health.

Caffeine addicts. It will enlighten caffeine addicts about the potential risks that

they could face as their caffeine consumption increases.

Researchers. These findings will help the researchers to fully understand why

people keep on intaking caffeine knowing how risky it is for their health.

Future researchers. This study will benefit other researcher who is interested

about this topic to employ this study as a reference.

Definition of Terms
 Anxiety level. A point on a scale of the feeling of nervousness. (Collins

Dictionary). Anxiety level referred to as one of the mental behaviour of this study.

Caffeine. A crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants

and is a stimulant of the central nervous system (Merriam-Webster). The word caffeine is

used to describe in the research as how it is addictive because of the way that the drug

affects the human brain and produces the alert feeling that people crave.

Caffeine consumption. The act or process of consuming, buying and using

drinks that contain caffeine. The word Caffeine consumption referred to the act of the

respondents and a factor that causes caffeine dependency.

Caffeine dependency. A condition of having a substance dependence on caffeine,

where there is an inability to perform daily activities of life without caffeine. The word

caffeine dependency referred to the condition of the respondents in this study.

Concentration skills. An ability to focus the mind on one subject, object, or

thought, and at the same time exclude from the mind every other unrelated thought, ideas,

feelings, and sensations. (BetterUp). Concentration skills recall referred to as one of the

mental behaviour of this study.

Equilibrium. A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

(Merriam-Webster). The word equilibrium is mentioned in the study as a goal of brain

cells, as such, brain cells produce adenosine receptors to maintain equilibrium.

Memory recall. An ability to remember past experiences, and the power or

process of recalling to mind previously learned facts, experiences, impressions, skills,

and habits. (The Human Brain). Memory recall referred to as one of the mental behaviour

of this study.
 Nervousness. A common feeling brought on by your body's stress response.

(Merriam-Webster). Nervousness referred to as one of the effects of caffeine

consumption in this study.

Proportion. A part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a

whole. (Merriam-Webster). The word proportion is used in the research as to how

caffeine blocks a significant proportion of adenosine receptors.

Receptors. This responds to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmits a

signal to a sensory nerve. (Merriam-Webster). The word receptors are used to describe

the adenosine receptors produced by the brain cells.

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

 This chapter shows a retrospective presentation of previously written material:

research literature and conceptual that has relevance and significance to the research

under considered.

Related Literature

Coffee is the most widely consumed legal drugs worldwide that exhibits a

psychomotor stimulant effect (Yang, Palmer, & de Wit, 2010). Coffee is associated with

an increase in attention, concentration, mood, and arousal (Rudolph et al., 2012). Young

adults, particularly the students, are frequent consumers of coffee especially energy

drinks that are specifically marketed to them (Pettit & DeBarr, 2011). There are many

reasons why coffee consumption may be popular among students including erratic

schedules, peer influence, social situations, and lack of sleep. Like other drugs, one can

become dependent on coffee and even build a tolerance to its psychomotor stimulant

effects, which would explain why some individuals rely heavily on coffee to complete

routine daily functions (Rudolph et al., 2012).

Effects of Coffee: Genetics’ Effect to Metabolism and Thermogenic

Many people seek to reap the psychomotor effects of coffee, which is the primary

reason coffee intake is so common. There are specific genetic, metabolic, and

thermogenic responses in the body that have an effect on individual intake (Yang, 11

Palmer, & de Wit, 2010; Astrup, Toubro, Cannon, Hein, Breum, & Madsen, 1990). Yang

and colleagues (2010) determined that genetics have a direct effect on an individual’s

response to coffee and personal preference. Genetics also affect the metabolism and

thermogenic responses induced by coffee.

Advantages of Coffee Consumption: Improvement of day-to-day function.

 Coffee is an enjoyable drink that pushes one to start the day kicking and packed

with energy. Since the caffeine in coffee is a mild stimulant, it has varied ways of

improving one’s capacity to study. It enhances alertness and affects overall mood and

performance while engaging oneself in studying. An article from the Nestle Corporation

(n.d) claims that a cup of coffee makes studying easier. Drinking coffee while studying

has also been linked to increasing focus and concentration, enhancing short-term

memory, increasing alertness, and enhancing mood.

Not only is coffee widely used in social settings in combination with alcohol, but

college students may also be interested in consuming it for its potential psychomotor and

alertness benefits during lectures and stressful exams. Few studies have been conducted

to determine the effect of coffee on cognitive functions to determine if it enhances

performance and mental ability (Rogers & Dernoncourt, 1997; Rogers, Heatherley,

Mullings, & Smith, 2012). Among individuals facing a withdrawal, coffee reduces task-

related fatigue and improves the degraded performance from the lack of coffee

consumption (Rogers & Dernoncourt, 1997). By returning dependent users to a normal

state, dependent consumers will be more apt to continue the use of coffee.

Disadvantages of Coffee Consumption: Potential Risks of intaking caffeine daily

High doses of caffeine consumption have been known to result in negative

consequences. Consuming 500-600 milligrams of caffeine a day leads to many side

effects of insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, an upset stomach, a fast

heartbeat and muscle tremors. Additionally, it has been stated that moderate amounts can

also lead to complication especially to pregnant women with only 300 milligrams. It can

increase the risk of having a low-birth-weight baby (Whiteman, 2015).

Related Studies

A study entitled "Caffeine Enhances Memory Performance in Young Adults

during Their Non-optimal Time of Day" by Sherman, Buckley, and Lee Ryan (2012),

stated that many college students struggle to perform well on exams in the early morning.

Although students drink caffeinated beverages to feel more awake, it is unclear whether

these actually improve performance. After consuming coffee (caffeinated or

decaffeinated), college-age adults completed implicit and explicit memory tasks in the

early morning and late afternoon. Caffeine did not alter memory performance in the

afternoon. These results suggest that coffee has a specific benefit for memory during

students’ non-optimal time of day – early morning. These findings have real-world

implications for students taking morning exams.

A study by Bernstein, Carroll, Crosby, Perwien, Benowitz (2004) entitled

"Caffeine effects on learning, performance, and anxiety in normal school-age children"

had a purpose to study the acute effects of caffeine on learning, performance, and anxiety

in normal prepubertal children. Twenty-one children were evaluated in a double blind,

placebo-controlled crossover design. There was a trend toward increased current level of

self-reported anxiety after caffeine on a visual analogue measure of anxiety. In

conclusion, a small sample size, there was indication that caffeine enhanced performance

on a test of attention and on a motor task. Children also reported feeling less “sluggish”

but somewhat more anxious.

A study entitled “Caffeine is a Perfect Companion for College Students” written

by a staff writer from California College San Diego (2017) states that caffeine is a perfect

companion for college students due to its profound effect on brain chemistry that makes it
both effective and addictive. This effect is brought by the two main receptors namely

adenosine and dopamine. The article also mentions the research work from John Hopkins

University (2014) that found that caffeine contains properties that can enhance your

memory. Other than having caffeine as a proven substance to have a positive effect on

long-term memory, the study found that caffeine could enhance one’s ability to retain

certain and specific memories for At least 24 hours of post consumption.

Chapter III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

 This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, respondents of the

study, instrumentation, sampling technique, data gathering analysis procedure and

statistical tools to be used.

Research Design

This study is a descriptive quantitative research. Descriptive quantitative research

is simply a quantitative research method that attempts to collect quantifiable data of the

population sample for statistical analysis.

This design was used since the main purpose of the study is to determine the

respondents’ perception to the effects of caffeine dependency to memory recall,

concentration skills and anxiety level.

Moreover, in order to piece together the desired data, the researchers used a self-

produced survey questionnaire that would answer and satisfy curiosity about caffeine

dependency and the respondents’ perceived effects to memory recall, concentration skills

and anxiety level of students.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Mindanao State University, Main Campus that is

located at, Marawi City, Philippines. Marawi City is the capital city of the province of

Lanao del Sur. Almost 92% of the population are Meranao Muslims. It was formerly

known as Dansalan, and on April 15, 1990, it was declared as an Islamic City under City

Council Resolution No. 19. It has a land area of 87.55 square kilometers.
 Marawi is known as the economic capital and premier center of the province of

Lanao del Sur and the only city that joined the expanded ARMM, now BARMM, last

September 2001 plebiscite.

The city has a cool and invigorant climate. It is endowed with potential tourist-

destination spots, which include historical, rich culture and colorful festivities proudly

portraying the Meranao people’s unique culture and tradition. Among the tourist

attraction includes Lake Lanao, Agus River, the source of Maria Christina Falls, Sacred

Mountains, the Sleeping lady mountain across Lake Lanao and Calocan Cove. Several

historical and man-made attractions are also present in the city. The Kilometer 0.0 the

marks the referent point of all roads in Mindanao are in the city.
Figure 2. Map of the Research Locale
Respondents of the Study

The primary respondents of the study were college and senior high school

students from MSU- Marawi, the randomly selected enrolled students of MSU-Marawi

Main Campus, A.Y. 2021-2022. Students have been specifically chosen to be the focus of

this study because of the frequent caffeine consumption among students and their high

likeliness to be exposed to caffeine dependency. The overall sample of the study is one

hundred (100) students.

Sampling Procedure

This study utilized convenience sampling to select the respondents. Convenience

sampling allowed the researchers to reach the target sample size of 100 respondents

without significant limitations. Due to the current status quo where strict rules of social

distancing are imposed by the IATF to prevent the spread of Covid19, not all students

from MSU, Main Campus would be able to participate. This then leaves the researchers

to rely on online means to distribute the prepared questionnaires in the assessment of the

respondents. This also means that not all distributed questionnaires were responded to.

Therefore, the researchers chose this sampling technique to accommodate those that are

readily available or willing to participate, while still aiming to reach the target sample

size. Specifically distributed as follow:

 Table 1: Frequency, Percentage Distribution of Respondents by year level

Year Level Frequency Percentage

Senior High School 74 74%

College 26 26%

TOTAL 100 100%

Research Instrument

To gather the necessary data, the researchers used a close-ended survey

questionnaire as the main instrument to be used in this study. The webpage, “Coffee and

Caffeine – How Much Should You Drink” written by Kris Gunnars in 2019, and other

references served as a guide in the formulation of the questionnaire.

This survey questionnaire consists of four (4) parts:

Part I contains the profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender, year

level.

Part II consists of the caffeine consumption of the respondents in terms of the

number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day, and what time do they usually

consume caffeine-containing drinks;

Part III covers the perception of the respondent on the possible reasons that may

cause caffeine dependency;

Part IV contains the respondent’s perception on how caffeine dependency affects

their memory recall, concentration skills and their anxiety level; and
 Part V consists of the perception of the respondents on the potential risks that may

result from increase in caffeine consumption.

Due to the pandemic and the restrictions that were imposed by the IATF, the

researchers disseminated these survey questionnaires through an online platform namely,

Google forms.

To validate the questionnaire, five (5) students from MSU Marawi, not included

among the respondents, where asked to answer the questionnaire, noting that no

problems/issues were encountered during this pilot testing, the questionnaire was then

deemed valid and ready for distribution.

Data Gathering Procedures

To systematically conduct the study, certain procedures were followed. Firstly,

approval to conduct the research was sought by the researchers by asking their respected

research instructor regarding the approval of their research title. Upon approval, the

researchers then began the formulation of research objectives that were incorporated into

the research questionnaire. The survey questionnaire encoded via Google Forms. A link

to the form was then generated and sent to the possible respondents through email and

Facebook Messenger. When the questionnaire reached 100 responses, the form was

closed to immediately stop accepting responses. The answers of the respondents were

automatically saved on the google form’s “Responses” section after they clicked the

“Turn in” button. After reaching the target population of 100 respondents, the data were

downloaded by the researchers. After retrieval of all responses, it will be tallied,

analyzed, and interpreted with the aid of a Statistician. Therefore, results of the
analyzation of data shall answer the provided research questions and promote further

understanding on caffeine dependency and its correlation to the mental behaviors of the

students in MSU-Marawi Main Campus in terms of their memory recall, concentration

skills, and anxiety level.

Method of Data Analysis

This study utilized the following statistical tools:

1. Frequency, Percentage and Ranking method. This was used for the part I

profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, year level, and Part II number

of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day, and what time do the

respondents usually consume caffeine-containing drinks. The same was used for

part III perception on the possible reasons that may cause caffeine dependency as

well as part IV perception on how caffeine dependency affects memory recall,

concentration skills, and anxiety level. This statistical tool was also used for part

V perception on the potential risks that may result from increase in caffeine

consumption. This tool identified the frequency of each response for the different

parts of the research questionnaire. Percentage was utilized to convert the

frequency into percentage form for the convenience of the data tabulation.

Formula: P = (F/N) x100

Where: P = percentage

F = frequency

N = total number of respondents

2. Weighed Mean or General Weighed Mean. This was used to determine the

overall total of all the findings in terms of the responses of the respondents in the

different parts of the research questionnaire.

Formula: X = Σfx/Σf

Where: X = Weighed Mean

Σfx = Summation of Frequency or Percentage with Rank

Σf = Total of Frequency or Percentage with Rank

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA

This chapter presents the tabular, graphical or polygon presentation with

corresponding interpretation and analysis of the data based on the frequency, percentage

and rank distribution of respondents according to variables findings.

Part I of the survey questionnaire consists of the profile of the respondents

according to their age, gender, and year level. Part II covers the respondent’s caffeine

consumption. Part III involves the perception of the respondent on the possible reasons

that may cause caffeine dependency.

Part IV contains the respondent’s perception on how caffeine dependency affects

their memory recall, concentration skills and their anxiety level. Part V consists the

perception of the respondents on the potential risks that may result from increase in

caffeine consumption.

The final interpretation and analysis of data are presented and shown to every table

to have more valid, credible and reliable result of the study that will be the basis of the

summary of the findings in the last chapter.

Part I. Personal Profile of the respondents

Table 1: Frequency, Percentage & Rank distribution of the respondent’s age

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

Below 15 years old 0 0 4

15 to 18 years old 56 56% 1

19 to 22 years old 41 41% 2
 23 years old and above 3 3% 3

Total 100 100%

60 56%

50
41%
40

30

20

10
3%
0%
0
below 15 years old 15 to 18 years old 19 to 22 years old 23 years old and above

Figure 2: Bar graphical presentation of percentage & rank distribution of the

respondent’s age

Table 1, along with the bar graph, shows the frequency, percentage and rank

distribution of respondents according to age. First in rank majority, 56% of the

respondents are 15 to 18 years old; second rank, some 41% of the respondents are 19 to

22 years old; very few 3% of them are 22 years old and above; and lastly, 0%, there were

no respondents that are below 15 years old.

It can be derived from the data above that a majority of the respondents are

around the age of 15 to 18 years old. This data can be supported by the targeted sample

respondents coming from the year levels senior high school and college students. This

implies that since majority of the respondents are senior high school students, the age

group of 15 to 18 years old are most likely to be depicted as a majority age.

 Table 2: Frequency, Percentage & Rank distribution of the respondent’s gender

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Female 78 78% 1
Male 22 22% 2
Total 100 100%

Table 2 shows the frequency, percentage, and rank distribution of respondents

according to gender. First rank in great majority, 78% of the respondents are female and

the rest few, 28% of the respondents are male.

This aligns with the statistics of the MSU System that shows that females are the

dominant gender who are officially enrolled in MSU-Main Campus this A.Y. 2021-2022.

Table 3: Frequency, Percentage & Rank distribution of the respondent’s year level

Year level Frequency Percentage Rank

Senior high level 74 74% 1

First year 20 20% 2

Second year 3 3% 3
Third year 2 2% 4

Fourth year 1 1% 5
Total 100 100%
 80
74%
70

60

50

40

30
20%
20

10
3% 2% 1%
0
Senior high level First year Second year Third year Fourth year

Figure 4: Bar graphical presentation of percentage & rank distribution of the

respondent’s year level

Table 3, with the bar graph, shows the frequency, percentage and rank distribution

of respondents according to year level. First in rank majority, 74% of the respondents are

in Senior High School; second rank, some 20%% of the respondents are in First year

college; very few 3% of them are Second year in college; very few also 2% of them are

Third year in college; and only 1%, were of the respondents are fourth year in college.

The data reveals that a majority of the respondents are students who are in Senior

High School. These results have been affected by the reason that the researchers

themselves are in senior high school, implying that other senior high school students

coming from the same institution as that of the researchers were the one most reachable

and was most able to respond earlier to the disseminated survey-questionnaire.

Part II. CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION

Table 4: Frequency, Percentage & Rank distribution of the respondents according

to the number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day.
Number of caffeine-containing Frequenc Percentage Rank
drinks consumed per day y

1 to 2 86 86% 1

3 to 4 12 12% 2
5 or more 2 2% 3

Total 100 100%

100
90 86%
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
12%
10
2%
0
1 to2 3 to4 5 or more

Figure 5: Bar graphical presentation of percentage & rank distribution of the

respondents according to the number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per
day
Table 4, along with the bar graph, shows the frequency, percentage and rank

distribution of respondents according to the number of caffeine-containing drinks

consumed per day. First rank in great majority, 86% of the respondents consume 1 to 2

caffeine-containing drinks per day; second rank, some 12%% of the respondents consume

3 to 4 caffeine containing drinks per day; lastly, very few 2% of them consume 5 or more

caffeine containing drinks per day.

 During the data gathering period, the researchers made sure that only caffeine

consumers were to respond to the survey-questionnaire. In this light, based on the data

shown, the respondents all drink coffee or consume caffeinated drinks on a daily basis.

Majority, 86%, of the respondents says that they consume 1 to 2 cups of coffee

daily. This means that these respondents are to be considered dependent on coffee

because of their depicted need to at least consume 1 cup of coffee or caffeinated drinks

per day.

This claim can further be supported with the findings stated in an article by Mayo

Clinic (2017) entitled “Caffeine: How much is too much?” which states that caffeine

dependence is not based on the number of cups a person consumes but rather depends on

how distressed a person feels when they cannot get caffeine when they want it. Meaning,

the number of cups is immaterial to caffeine dependence. What is to be considered a

critical factor to be labeled as someone who is caffeine dependent is the consumers need

to consume caffeine on a daily basis to get by and his reaction towards his craving to

caffeine intake.

Table 5: Frequency, Percentage & Rank distribution of the respondents according

to what time they usually consume caffeine-containing drinks
Time respondents usually consume Frequenc Percentage Rank
caffeinated drinks y
Morning 59 59% 1

Evening 19 19% 2
Afternoon 11 11% 3

Before meal 2 2% 5
After meal 9 9% 4
 Total 100 100%

70
59%
60

50

40

30
19%
20
11% 9%
10
2%
0
Morning Evening Afternoon Before meal After meal

Figure 6: Bar graphical presentation of percentage & rank distribution of the

respondents according to what time do they usually consume caffeine-containing
drinks

Table 5, along with the bar graph, shows the frequency, percentage and rank

distribution of respondents according to what time do they usually consume caffeine-

containing drinks. First rank in great majority, 59% of the respondents consume caffeine-

containing drinks in the morning; second rank, some 19%% of the respondents consume

caffeine-containing drinks in the evening; some 11%% of the respondents consume

caffeine-containing drinks in the afternoon; very few 9% of them consume caffeine-

containing drinks after meal; lastly, very few also, 2% of them consume caffeine-

containing drinks before meal.

It is shown in the data above that a great majority of the respondents usually

intake coffee or caffeinated drinks during morning. This finding is consistent with the

claims in the related literature entitled “Advantages of coffee consumption: Improvement

of day-to-day function” by Rogers, et.al. 2012 which states that students consume coffee

with interest for its potential psychomotor and alertness benefits during lectures and
stressful exams. This can then be supported by the study entitled “Caffeine enhances

memory performance in Young Adults during their non-optimal time of the day” which

states that many college students struggle to perform well on exams in the early morning.

The result of the study shows that college-age students were able to complete implicit and

explicit memory tasks in the early morning and late afternoon after caffeine intake.

(Sherman et.al., 2012)

Relating these information to the findings in the data above, involving the real-

world implication that students mostly take morning exams, it can be understood that

since the target respondents are students who usually take exams in the morning, it is

most likely that the reason towards the majority of the respondents saying that they intake

coffee in the morning is because of the psychomotor and alertness benefits it provides to

support them in their day through getting by in lessons and examinations.

Part III. PERCEPTION ON THE POSSIBLE REASONS THAT MAY CAUSE

CAFFEINE DEPENDENCY.

Table 6. Perception on the Possible Reasons that may Cause Caffeine Dependency.

Perception 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation Rank

As a stress reliever 18 36 29 11 6 3.49 Agree 6

As an energizer 38 44 12 4 2 4.12 Agree 2

As a memory booster 13 31 30 17 9 3.22 Neutral 7

After every meal 12 23 27 23 15 2.94 Neutral 8

Before every exam 15 33 23 17 12 3.22 Neutral 7

Before starting a study 23 38 25 10 4 3.66 Agree 5

session
For late-night activities 52 31 6 6 5 4.19 Agree 1

For mood improvement 32 29 25 10 4 3.75 Agree 4

For taste satisfaction 34 31 26 7 2 3.88 Agree 3

TOTAL MEAN 3.61 Agree

Legend: Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree

3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 6 discloses the respondents’ perception on the possible reasons that may

cause caffeine dependency. There are nine (9) indicators in in this section. As disclosed

from the table, six indicators obtained a “Agree” descriptive interpretation. These

indicators are: Drinking caffeine-containing products as stress reliever; as an energizer;

before starting a study session; for late-night activities; for mood improvement; and for

taste satisfaction.

All these indicators being agreed on is consistent to the claims of several related

literature namely, the claims of Rudolph et.al., 2012 that coffee is associated with an

increase in attention, concentration, mood, and arousal; the article from Nestle

Corporation (n.d) that claims that coffee makes studying easier because it enhances

alertness and affects the overall mood and performance while engaging oneself in

studying; and the claim that coffee reduces task-related fatigue and improves the

degraded performance from lack of coffee consumption.(Rogers & Dernoncourt, 1997)

On the other hand, three of the indicators obtained a “Neutral” descriptive

interpretation. These indicators are: Drinking caffeine-containing products as a memory

booster; after every meal; and before every exam. Neutrality in this sense is the term
selected if ever a consumer neither completely agrees nor completely disagrees. It means

that the consumer to select this option consumes coffee with belief that coffee is

consumed for the reason mentioned but it being considered as to be a reason to be

caffeine dependent is subjective and does not apply to this particular consumer.

The table also discloses that the indicator, drinking caffeine-containing products

for late-night activities, obtained the highest rank with a weighted mean of 4.19 and the

indicator, drinking caffeine-containing products after every meal, obtained the lowest

rank with the weighted mean of 2.94.

This result can further be supported by the findings in the article “All About

Caffeine” from Precision Nutrition that claims that caffeine intake can increase attention

and alertness. This implies that the likeliness of students intaking coffee for the benefit it

possesses of improving alertness and attention that is considered beneficial to the late-

night activities that students are undergoing, are believed to be a high possible cause of

caffeine-dependency due to the frequency it suggests.

Regarding the lowest rank, it is suggested from the results that the indicator,

drinking caffeine-containing products after every meal, is the most less agreeable reason

that may cause caffeine dependency. However, it being interpreted as “Neutral” means

that it is subjective to the consumer as to whether is it to be considered as a reason to

cause caffeine dependency or not.

The overall Mean is 3.61 interpreted as “Agree”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 AGREED that the

provided possible reasons may cause caffeine dependency.

Part IV. PERCEPTION ON HOW CAFFEINE DEPENDENCY AFFECTS
MEMORY RECALL, CONCENTRATION SKILLS, AND ANXIETY LEVEL.

Table 7. Perception on how caffeine dependency affects memory recall.

Mea Interpretatio Ran
A. Memory Recall 5 4 3 2 1
n n k
Drinking caffeine-
containing drinks help
4 20 32 24 20 2.64 Neutral 5
enhance my long-term
memory.
Drinking caffeinated
beverages helps me
remember my tasks better 10 27 27 23 13 2.98 Neutral 1
allowing me to effectively
multitask.
It helps me to easily
7 17 37 25 14 2.78 Neutral 2
memorize for my tests.
It helps me recall what I
5 22 28 28 17 2.70 Neutral 3
have studied before a test.
I can remember long and
complicated descriptions
9 17 26 27 21 2.66 Neutral 4
when I take caffeinated
beverages.
It helps me remember
instructions even if I 7 16 23 30 24 2.52 Disagree 8
received it many days ago.
Drinking caffeinated
beverages allows me to
6 16 27 29 22 2.55 Disagree 7
remember where I put my
things.
It helps me recall my
4 21 26 28 21 2.59 Disagree 6
previous lessons.
It allows me to efficiently
remember my schedule for 12 26 26 20 16 2.98 Neutral 1
the day.
TOTAL MEAN 2.71 Neutral
 Legend: Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree

3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 7 discloses the respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency affects

memory recall. There are nine (9) indicators in this section. As disclosed from the table,

six indicators obtained a “Neutral” descriptive interpretation. These indicators are:

Drinking caffeine-containing drinks help enhance my long-term memory; drinking

caffeinated beverages helps me remember my tasks better allowing me to effectively

multitask; it helps me to easily memorize for my tests; it helps me recall what I have

studied before a test; I can remember long and complicated descriptions when I take

caffeinated beverages; and it allows me to efficiently remember my schedule for the day.

These findings are consistent with the claims in the research work of John

Hopkins that claims that caffeine contains properties that enhances memory, it also found

that caffeine can enhance one’s ability to retain certain and specific memories for at least

24 hours of post consumption. This also applies to the indicators that the respondents

have disagreed on. These indicators are: Drinking caffeinated beverages allows me to

remember where I put my things; It helps me recall my previous lessons; and It helps me

remember instructions even if I received it many days ago.

It just further shows that it is more efficient towards short-term memory recall and

is applied to long-term only when the long-term memory recall task is not as intense as

remembering an entire lesson.

 The table also discloses that the indicator drinking caffeinated beverages helps me

remember my tasks better allowing me to effectively multitask got the highest rank with

the weighted mean of 2.98. While, the lowest rank is the indicator, it helps me remember

instructions even if I received it many days ago with a weighted mean of 2.52.

The overall Mean is 2.71 interpreted as “Neutral”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 are NEUTRAL

regarding their perception on how caffeine dependency affects memory recall.

Table 8. Perception on how caffeine dependency affects Concentration Skills.

B. Concentration skills 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation Rank
Drinking coffee helps me
to concentrate in doing 26 33 30 6 5 3.69 Agree 4
my tasks.
It helps me prevent
drowsiness in doing a 39 35 15 8 3 3.99 Agree 2
task.
It allows me to avoid
distractions in doing my 18 33 27 15 7 3.40 Agree 6
tasks.
It helps me to efficiently
14 24 40 14 8 3.22 Neutral 7
answer a test.
It helps me stay awake in
47 22 19 8 4 4.00 Agree 1
late-night activities.
I can understand a lesson
easily when I drink 13 20 37 18 12 3.04 Neutral 8
caffeinated drinks.
I am more alert on the
situation when I drink 34 28 26 9 3 3.81 Agree 3
caffeinated drinks.
I can concentrate during
my study sessions after I 27 26 29 10 8 3.54 Agree 5
drink coffee.
TOTAL MEAN 3.59 Agree
 Legend: Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree

2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree

3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree

5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 8 discloses the respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency affects

concentration skills. There are eight (8) indicators in this section. As disclosed from the

table, six (6) indicators had an “Agree” descriptive interpretation. These indicators are

Drinking coffee helps me to concentrate in doing my tasks; It helps me prevent

drowsiness in doing a task; It allows me to avoid distractions in doing my tasks; It helps

me stay awake in late-night activities; I am more alert on the situation when I drink

caffeinated drinks; and I can concentrate during my study sessions after I drink coffee.

These findings can be supported by the claims in the related literature regarding

the advantages of caffeine consumption and the statements from the Nestle Corporation

(n.d), that states that drinking coffee can increase concentration and focus and is

beneficial when doing tasks that involves focus.

On the other hand, two (2) indicators got a “Neutral” interpretation. These

indicators are: It helps me to efficiently answer a test; and I can understand a lesson

easily when I drink caffeinated drinks. The data shows that the respondents’ perceptions

towards these indicators are neutral. Neutrality in this sense means that the consumers’

opinion towards this effect of caffeine intake is not solely based on caffeine consumption

but can also vary from other reasons.

 Also disclosed in the table is that the indicator It helps me stay awake in late-night

activities got the highest rank with the weighted mean of 4.00, while the indicator I can

understand a lesson easily when I drink caffeinated drinks got the lowest rank with the

weighted mean of 3.04.

The overall Mean is 3.59 interpreted as “Agree”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 AGREES that

caffeine dependency affects concentration skills.

Table 9. Perception on how caffeine dependency affects anxiety level.

Mea
C. Anxiety Level 5 4 3 2 1 Interpretation Rank
n
I feel agitated when I
4 7 19 23 47 1.98 Disagree 3
don’t drink coffee.
I am easily shocked when
14 17 22 21 26 2.72 Neutral 2
I drink coffee.
I feel angry when I can’t
Strongly
consume caffeinated 2 7 13 16 62 1.71 8
Disagree
drinks.
I start to fidget when I Strongly
2 10 13 11 64 1.75 7
haven’t drunk my coffee. Disagree
Drinking caffeinated
beverages improves my 17 23 30 23 7 3.20 Neutral 1
mood.
I become anxious when I
don’t drink caffeinated 3 8 13 18 58 1.80 Disagree 5
drinks.
I start to feel
uncomfortable when I
6 8 14 21 51 1.97 Disagree 4
don’t drink caffeinated
drinks.
I become stressed when I
Strongly
don’t drink caffeinated 4 7 14 14 61 1.79 6
Disagree
drinks.
Strongly
TOTAL MEAN 2.12
Disagree
 Legend: Scale Range Descriptive Interpretation
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagree
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree
5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 9 discloses the respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency affects

anxiety level. There are nine (8) indicators in this section. As disclosed from the table,

three (3) indicators obtained a “Strongly Agree” descriptive interpretation. These

indcators are: I feel angry when I can’t consume caffeinated drinks; I start to fidget when

I haven’t drunk my coffee; and I become stressed when I don’t drink caffeinated drinks.

Meanwhile, three (3) indicators obtained a “Disagree” interpretation. These are: I feel

agitated when I don’t drink coffee; I become anxious when I don’t drink caffeinated

drinks; and I start to feel uncomfortable when I don’t drink caffeinated drinks.

The table discloses that the respondents’ perception regarding the effects of

caffeine consumption to anxiety is leaning more on them disagreeing. This is most

probably affected by the majority response of them consuming only 1 to 2 cups of coffee

per day. This can be supported by the claims in the literature about the disadvantages of

caffeine consumption, where it states that high doses of caffeine consumption,

specifically, consuming more than 2 cups can have a negative side effect of an increase in

anxiety levels, nervousness, restlessness, irritability and many more health concerns

(Whiteman, 2015).
 On the other hand, two (2) indicators obtained a “Neutral” interpretation. These

are: I am easily shocked when I drink coffee; and drinking caffeinated beverages

improves my mood.

Also disclosed in the table is the indicator drinking caffeinated beverages

improves my mood, having the highest rank with a weighted mean of 3.20. Meanwhile,

the indicator I feel angry when I can’t consume caffeinated drinks, obtained the lowest

rank with a weighted mean of 1.71.

The overall Mean is 2.12 interpreted as “Strongly Disagree”. Analysis of these

data shows that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022

DISAGREES that caffeine dependency affects anxiety level.

Part V. PERCEPTION ON THE POTENTIAL RISKS THAT MAY RESULT

FROM INCREASE IN CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION

Table 10: Perception on the potential risks that may result from increase in caffeine
consumption
Increase in caffeine
consumption may 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation Rank
cause…

...headache 11 37 25 22 5 3.27 Neutral 5

...constipation 11 30 29 24 6 3.16 Neutral 7

...inability to
concentrate 6 23 32 29 10 2.86 Neutral 9

...fatigue 8 26 29 30 7 2.98 Neutral 8

...irregular heartbeat 31 36 22 9 2 3.85 Agree 3

...insomnia 29 40 22 9 0 3.89 Agree 1

...continuous
nervousness 29 39 21 11 0 3.86 Agree 2

...frequent urination 31 35 21 9 4 3.8 Agree 4

 ...muscle spasm 8 29 42 15 6 3.18 Neutral 6

TOTAL MEAN 3.43 Neutral

Legend: Scale: Range: Descriptive
Interpretation:
1 1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree
2 1.80 - 2.59 Disagree
3 2.60 - 3.39 Neutral
4 3.40 - 4.19 Agree
5 4.20 - 5.00 Strongly Agree

Table 10 reports the tabulation of the respondents' perception on the potential

risks that may result from increase in caffeine consumption. There are nine (9) indicators

in this section. As disclosed from the table, five indicators obtained a " Neutral"

descriptive interpretation. These indicators are: Increase in caffeine consumption may

cause headache, constipation, inability to concentrate, fatigue and muscle spasms.

Neutrality in this sense is that the respondents are in belief that these effects can be

caused by an increase in caffeine consumption however did not agree due to the reason

that these effects can possibly be gained from other variables other than the increase in

caffeine consumption and can be subjective to the consumer.

Moreover, four of these indicators obtained an "Agree" descriptive interpretation.

These indicators are: Increase in caffeine consumption may cause irregular heartbeat,

insomnia, continuous nervousness and frequent urination that may cause in increase of

caffeine consumption. This is consistent with the claims in the related literature entitled

“Disadvantages of Coffee Consumption: Potential Risks of intaking Caffeine Daily”

which states that an increase in caffeine consumption may lead to side effects of

insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, fast heartbeat, and muscle tremors

(Whiteman, 2015).
 The table also reports that the indicator, Increase in caffeine consumption may

cause insomnia with a weighted mean of M=3.89 obtained the highest rank. In addition

the indicator, Increase in caffeine consumption may cause inability to concentrate with a

weighted mean of M=2.86 obtained the lowest rank in the respondents' perception on the

potential risks that may result from increase in caffeine consumption.

Generally, the overall Mean is 3.43 interpreted as "Neutral" analysis of these data

shows that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 are

NEUTRAL towards the provided potential risks that may result from increase in caffeine

consumption.
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study and its findings consequent to the

conclusions, implications, and recommendations forwarded based upon the findings.

This study is a descriptive research conducted to determine caffeine dependency

and its perceived effects to memory recall, concentration skills, and anxiety level of the

respondents. The researchers conducted this study in Mindanao State University- Marawi

where 100 respondents are conveniently selected from.

The researchers utilized a validated close-ended survey questionnaire. It consists

of four parts: Part I is consist of the profile of the respondents in terms of their age,

gender, year level, number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day, and what

time do they usually consume caffeine-containing drinks; part II covers the perception of

the respondents on the possible reasons that may cause caffeine addiction; part III

contains the respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency affects their memory

recall, concentration skills, and anxiety level; and part IV consists of the perception of

the respondents on the potential risks that may result from an increase in caffeine

addiction. The questionnaire was properly scrutinized and validated.

The gathered data are tabulated, interpreted, and analyzed with the use of

frequency, percentage, raking method, and weighted mean as the study’s statistical tools.

Generally, the study aims to answer the following questions: (1) what are the profile of

the respondents in terms of gender, age, year level, number of caffeine-containing drinks

consumed per day, and what time do they usually consume caffeine-containing drinks;
(2) what is the caffeine consumption of the respondents; (3) what is the respondent’s

perception on the possible reasons that may cause caffeine dependency; (4) what is the

respondents’ perception on how caffeine dependency and consumption affects their

memory recall, concentration skills and anxiety level; and (5) what is the respondents’

perception on the potential risks resulting from increase in caffeine consumption.

Summary of the Findings

After the research has employed, statistical analysis of gathered data, the following

summary of the highlights of findings are drawn.

PART I: Profile of Respondents

1. Majority, 56% of the respondents are 15-18 years old.

2. Great Majority, 78% of the respondents are female.

3. Great Majority, 74% of the respondents are Senior High School.

PART II: Caffeine Consumption

1. Great Majority, 86% of the respondents drink 1-2 cups a day.

2. Majority, 59% of the respondents consume caffeinated drinks in morning.

3. Some, 19% of the respondents consume caffeinated drinks in evening.

4. Some, 11% of the respondents consume caffeinated drinks in afternoon.

5. Few, 9% of the respondents consume caffeinated drinks after meal.

6. Few, 2% of the respondents consume caffeinated drinks before meal.

PART III: Perception on the Possible Reasons that may cause Caffeine Dependency.

There are nine (9) indicators in this section:

1. Six (6) indicators obtained an “Agree” descriptive interpretation.

 2. Three (3) indicators obtained a “Neutral” descriptive interpretation.

3. The Over-all mean is 3.61 interpreted as “Agree”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU- Marawi A.Y. 2021- 2022 AGREED

that the provided possible reasons may cause caffeine dependency.

PART IV: Perception on How Caffeine Dependency Affects Memory Recall,

Concentration Skills, and Anxiety Level.

A. Memory Recall

There are nine (9) indicators in this section:

1. Three (3) indicators obtained an “Agree” descriptive interpretation.

2. Five (5) indicators obtained an “Neutral” descriptive interpretation.

3. The overall Mean is 2.71 interpreted as “Neutral”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 are

NEUTRAL regarding their perception on how caffeine dependency affects

memory recall.

B. Concentration Skills

There are eight (8) indicators in this section:

1. Three (6) indicators obtained an “Agree” descriptive interpretation.

2. Two (2) indicators obtained an “Neutral” descriptive interpretation.

3. The overall Mean is 3.59 interpreted as “Agree”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022 AGREES

that caffeine dependency affects concentration skills.

C. Anxiety Level

There are eight (8) indicators in this section:

 1. Three (3) indicators obtained an “Strongly Agree” descriptive interpretation.

2. Two (2) indicator obtained an “Neutral” descriptive interpretation.

3. Three (3) indicators obtained an “Agree” descriptive interpretation.

4. The overall Mean is 2.12 interpreted as “Strongly Disagree”. Analysis of these

data shows that the selected students enrolled in MSU-Marawi A.Y. 2021-2022

DISAGREES that caffeine dependency affects anxiety level.

Part V: Perception on the Potential Risks That May Result from Increase in Caffeine

Consumption.

There are nine (9) indicators in this section:

1. Four (4) indicators obtained an “Agree” descriptive interpretation.

2. Five (5) indicators obtained a “Neutral” descriptive interpretation.

3. The Over-all mean is 3.43 interpreted as “Agree”. Analysis of these data shows

that the selected students enrolled in MSU- Marawi A.Y. 2021- 2022 AGREED

that the provided possible reasons may cause caffeine addiction.

Conclusions

Based on the findings from the current study, conclusions are drawn. Data shows

that majority, 56% are 15 t0 18 years old as the dominant age of the total 100

respondents; a great majority, 78% are female respondents. For the year level of students,

most respondents are Senior High School.

Based on the distributions of the respondents’ caffeine consumption ranked first or

86% of the respondents drink 1-2 cups of coffee per day. The correlation results between
profile of the respondents to memory recall and concentration skills have no significant

relationship whereas, the correlation results between profile of the respondents to anxiety

level have no significant relationship except for year level and consumed per day of the

respondents. In the scaling, with an average weighted mean 3.61 of the respondents

answered agree on the perception on the possible reasons that may cause caffeine

addiction mentioned in table 6.

Recommendations

In line with the summary of findings, and conclusions, the following are hereby

recommended.

1. The future researchers shall work on further studies on the effects of caffeine

dependence on the physical health of the human body, as this study focuses on the mental

and psychological health, studying the effect of caffeine-dependency on the physical

factors will greatly help put awareness and knowledge to the students and people who

drink coffee or are caffeine-dependent.

2. The teachers must encourage their students to improve their knowledge about caffeine

and its effect to the mental health of the body, youngsters take this topic lightly but

caffeine is still a drug and being dependent or addicted to t can cause problems.

3. The future researchers shall work on further studies on the caffeine content of drinks in

cafés, because of the trend and popularity, coffee drinks are mostly being consumed by

the mass and the society is liking it, further studies about the amount of caffeine in drinks

found in cafes will be a great help and knowledge to the society.

References
Andrews, R. (2017). All about Caffeine. Retrieved from Precision Nutrition:
https://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-caffeine
Brewer, S. (2018). 5 Health Benefits of Caffeine. Retrieved from Elle:
https://www.elle.co.za/5-health-benefits-caffeine
California College of San Diego. (2018). Is Caffeine Affecting Your Study Habits?
Retrieved from California College of San Diego: https://www.cc-sd.edu/blog/is-
caffeine-affectingyour-study-habits
G. Bernstein, M. C. (2004). Caffeine effects on learning, performance, and anxiety in
normal school-age children . Retrieved from North Dakota State University of
Agriculture and Applied Sciences: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Mayo Clinic. (2017). Caffeien: How much is too much? Retrieved from Mayo Clinic:
https://ww.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/indepth/
caffeine/art
McCoy, W. (2018). The Benefits of Coffee for Teenagers. Retrieved from Healthy Eating:
https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/benefits-coffee-teenagers-11248.html
Meszaros, L. (2018). The Dangerous Effects of Caffeine. Retrieved from MD Linx:
https://www.mdlinx.com/internal-medicine/article/2771
Mitchell, L. (2017). The Dangers of Caffeine. Retrieved from Healthcare:
https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2017/05/caffeine-dangers.php
Nehlig, A. (2010). Is Caffeine a Cognitive Enhancer? Alzheimer's Disease 20, 85-94.
S. Cappelletti, P. D. (2015). Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhacer on
Psychotic Drug? Retrieved from Research Gate:
https://researchgate.net/publication/10957470_Effects_of_caffeine_on_human_he
alth
S. Sherman, T. B. (2012). Caffeine Enhances Memory Performance in Young Adults
during Their Non-optimal Time of Day. Behavioral Medicine 5, 415-439.
Whiteman, H. (2015). Caffeine: how does it affect our health? Retrieved from Medical
News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
Wing, H. (2008). Effects of Caffeine on Mood and Memory. Physiology and Behavior
44, 367-372.
 APPENDIX A

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name(optional): __________________________________________________________

Directions: Please fill up the blanks that needs an answer and kindly check one or more
items that correspond to your answer. Do not leave any item unanswered. All your
answers will be kept strictly confidential.

Part I: Profile of the respondents (Please check your answer)

1. Age
( ) Below 15 years old
( ) 15 to 18 years old
( ) 19 to 22 years old
( ) 23 years old and above

2. Gender
( ) Male
( ) Female

3. Year Level
( ) Senior High School
( ) First Year
( ) Second Year
( ) Third Year
( ) Fourth Year
( ) Others, Please specify ____________________________

Part II: Caffeine Consumption

1. Number of caffeine-containing drinks consumed per day
( ) 1 to 2
( ) 3 to 4
( ) 5 or more

2. What time do you usually consume caffeine-containing drinks?

( ) Morning
( ) Afternoon
( ) Evening
( ) Before Meal
( ) After Meal
Part III. PERCEPTION ON THE POSSIBLE REASONS THAT MAY CAUSE
CAFFEINE ADDICTION.

Direction: Below is a list of items concerning variables describing the respondent’s

perception on the possible reasons that may cause caffeine addiction. Please check the
number that represents your answer but choose only one based on the following
equivalents such as:

Legend: 5-Strongly Agree

4-Agree
3-Neutral
2-Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

Do you think that the following may be a possible cause 5 4 3 2 1

for caffeine addiction?

Drinking caffeine-containing products due to stress

Drinking caffeine-containing products as an energizer

Drinking caffeine-containing products as a memory booster

Drinking caffeine-containing products after every meal

Drinking caffeine-containing products before every exam

Drinking caffeine-containing products before starting a

study session

Drinking caffeine-containing products for late-night

activities

Drinking caffeine-containing products for mood

improvement

Drinking caffeine-containing products for taste satisfaction

Part IV. PERCEPTION ON HOW CAFFEINE DEPENDENCY AFFECTS
MEMORY RECALL, CONCENTRATION SKILLS, AND ANXIETY LEVEL.

Direction: Below is a list of items concerning variables describing the respondent’s

perception on how caffeine dependency affects their memory recall, concentration skills
and their anxiety level. Please check the number that represents your answer but choose
only one based on the following equivalents such as:

Legend: 5-Always
4-Often
3-Sometimes
2-Seldom
1-Never

A. Memory Recall 5 4 3 2 1
Drinking caffeine-containing drinks help enhance my long-
term memory.

Drinking caffeinated beverages helps me remember my

tasks better allowing me to effectively multitask.

It helps me to easily memorize for my tests.

It helps me recall what I have studied before a test.

I can remember long and complicated descriptions when I

take caffeinated beverages.

It helps me remember instructions even if I received it

many days ago.

Drinking caffeinated beverages allows me to remember

where I put my things.

It helps me recall my previous lessons.

It allows me to efficiently remember my schedule for the

day.

B. Concentration Skills 5 4 3 2 1
Drinking coffee helps me to concentrate in doing my tasks

It helps me prevent drowsiness in doing a task

It allows me to avoid distractions in doing my tasks

It helps me to efficiently answer a test

It helps me stay awake in late-night activities

I can understand a lesson easily when I drink caffeinated

drinks

I am more alert on the situation when I drink caffeinated

drinks

I can concentrate during my study sessions after I drink

coffee.

C. Anxiety Level 5 4 3 2 1
I feel agitated when I don’t drink coffee

I am easily shocked when I drink coffee

I feel angry when I can’t consume caffeinated drinks

I start to fidget when I haven’t drunk my coffee

Drinking caffeinated beverages improves my mood

I become anxious when I don’t drink caffeinated drinks

I start to feel uncomfortable when I don’t drink caffeinated

drinks

I become stressed when I don’t drink caffeinated drinks

Part V. PERCEPTION ON THE POTENTIAL RISKS THAT MAY RESULT
FROM INCREASE IN CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION

Direction: Below is a list of items concerning variables describing the respondent’s

perception on the potential risks that may result from increase in caffeine consumption.
Please check the number that represents your answer but choose only one based on the
following equivalents such as:

Legend: 5-Strongly Agree

4-Agree
3-Neutral
2-Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

Increase in caffeine consumption may cause… 5 4 3 2 1

… headache

… constipation

… inability to concentrate

… fatigue

… irregular heartbeat

… insomnia

… continuous nervousness

… frequent urination

…muscle spams